RAS 502 Social Scientists

1. CONTRIBUTION OF SOCIAL
SCIENTISTS IN THE
DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIAL
SOCIOLOGY.

2. Auguste Comte FATHER OF SOCIOLOGY
Using scientific knowledge and observation in the study of human
behavior
positivism: (logic) with scientific knowledge we can be positive of our
understanding

3. KARL MARX
German philosopher and revolutionary socialist.
He opposes cruel or unjust treatment and exploitation
Theory of Class Struggle: Marx argued that people who occupy the same
position in the social production process will eventually form a class.
He believed that class struggle was the major driving force of change in
society.

4. Emile Durkheim
Was first to become a professor of sociology in Paris
1913.
society patterns
human social behavior must be explained by social
factors rather than psychological ones
The ties that bond people in a group are crucial for
the existence of society.
Two major contributions:
Subject matter: the study of social facts is different
from the other science.
Make it an empirical discipline.

5. First book of Durkheim “ Division of labor in society ”
He argued that primitive society was organized according to mechanical solidarity
, modern society was based on organic solidarity.
Mechanical solidarity: Mechanical solidarity is the social integration of members of a society
who have common values and beliefs. These common values and beliefs constitute
a “collective conscience” that works internally in individual members to cause them to
cooperate.
It is found in societies with small population.
Any violations in norms of such societies attract harsh punishment.
Organic solidarity:
Modern Society based on heterogeneity of its members.
Found in society with large population

8. Father of Industrial Sociology.
Two books : The Social problems of an Industrial Society.
The human problems of an industrial civilization.

9. HERBERT SPENCER
• society made up of
parts that are
important in its
functioning
• Social Darwinism-
left alone society
would work like
nature (survival of
fittest)

10. MAX WEBER
• changes in society
caused by rationalization:
emphasis knowledge,
reason, and planning
• removing bias to
understand society
in research
understanding
social behavior by
putting yourself in
the shoes of others

11. The degree of responsible autonomy can be granted to unionized or core workers
In order to harness their skills under control conditions.