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- 1. INTRODUCTION TO AIRPORT ENGINEERING By Dr. Mithun Mohan 1
- 2. 1. RUNWAY • A runway is the area where an aircraft lands or takes off. • It can be grass, or packed dirt, or a hard surface such as asphalt or concrete. • Runways have special markings on them to help a pilot in the air to tell that it is a runway (and not a road) and to help them when they are landing or taking off. • Runway markings are white in colour. 2
- 3. 1. RUNWAY • Runway thresholds are markings across the runway that denote the beginning and end of the designated space for landing and take-off under non-emergency conditions. • Runway is the surface from threshold to threshold, which typically features threshold markings, numbers, and centerlines. 3
- 4. 1. RUNWAY • Number of bars in the Threshold Markings indicates the width of the runway • Length Markings 4
- 5. 1. RUNWAY • Most runways have numbers on the end. • The number is the runway's compass direction (runway numbered 36 would be pointing north or 360 degrees) • Some airports have more than one runway going in the same direction, so they add letters to the end of the number R for right, C for centre and L for left 5
- 6. 1. RUNWAY • Clearway is the is an area extending beyond the runway end available for completion of the take-off operation and under the control of airport authorities. A clearway increases the allowable aircraft operating take-off weight without increasing runway length. No object or terrain may protrude through the clearway plane except for threshold lights no higher than 26 inches (66 cm) and located off the runway sides. • Stopway is the area at the end of take-off runway no less wide than the runway and centered upon extended centerline of runway and able to support the aeroplane during an aborted take-off without causing structural damage to the aeroplane. 6
- 7. 2. TAXIWAY • A taxiway is a path on an airport connecting runways with ramps, hangars, terminals and other facilities. • They mostly have hard surface such as asphalt or concrete, although smaller airports sometimes use gravel or grass. 7
- 8. 2. TAXIWAY Factors controlling taxiway layout • Taxiways should not lead to interference of aircraft movement • Exit taxiways: Landing aircraft can leave runway easily. • Taxiways should have the smallest possible distance between apron and runway. 8
- 9. EXIT TAXIWAY • Exit taxiways or runway turnoffs - to minimize runway occupancy by landing aircraft. • Exit taxiways can be placed at right angles to the runway or some other angle to the runway. • When the angle is on the order of 30°, the term high-speed exit is often used to denote that it is designed for higher speeds than other exit taxiway configurations 9
- 10. RUNWAY AND TAXIWAY LIGHTINGS 10