gd&t

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GD&T
2.753 Precision Machine Design
Anthony Wong

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Review
• Orthographic Projection
• Dimensioning
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Manufacturing Error
• What are the important properties of a billiard
ball?
• Why would those properties vary?
• How much variation in those properties are
we ok with?
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Manufacturing Error
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n – 2.2497”
e – .0009”

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Plus/Minus Tolerancing
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GD&T
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What is this telling us?
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Envelope Rule
Perfect form at Most Material
Condition (MMC m)
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Anthony Wong

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GD&T Characteristics
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Tolerance Exercise
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Anthony Wong

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Anthony Wong

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Exercise
• What are the important features you want to
control?
• Sketch the tolerance zone on the drawing
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Bonus Tolerance
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Bracket Example
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1mm diameter cylinder tolerance zone

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Perfect MMC Hole
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Perfectly placed MMC hole
1mm diameter tolerance zone
around the theoretical true position
Actual hole
Circle for Reference

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.5mm Displaced MMC Hole
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1mm diameter tolerance zone
around the theoretical true position
Actual hole axis

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.5mm Displaced MMC Hole
2.753 Precision Machine Design
Anthony Wong

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.5mm Displaced MMC Hole
2.753 Precision Machine Design
Anthony Wong

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.5mm Displaced MMC Hole
2.753 Precision Machine Design
Anthony Wong

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.5mm Displaced MMC Hole
2.753 Precision Machine Design
Anthony Wong

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.5mm Displaced MMC Hole
2.753 Precision Machine Design
Anthony Wong

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.5mm Displaced MMC Hole
2.753 Precision Machine Design
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.5mm Displaced MMC Hole
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Larger Hole
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Larger Hole
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Larger Hole
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Larger Hole
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Larger Hole
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Larger Hole
2.753 Precision Machine Design
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Larger Hole
2.753 Precision Machine Design
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Larger Hole
2.753 Precision Machine Design
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Larger Hole, Larger Tolerance
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2mm diameter tolerance zone

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Larger Hole, Larger Tolerance
2.753 Precision Machine Design
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2mm diameter tolerance zone

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Larger Hole, Larger Tolerance
2.753 Precision Machine Design
Anthony Wong
2mm diameter tolerance zone

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Larger Hole, Larger Tolerance
2.753 Precision Machine Design
Anthony Wong
2mm diameter tolerance zone

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Larger Hole, Larger Tolerance
2.753 Precision Machine Design
Anthony Wong
2mm diameter tolerance zone

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Larger Hole, Larger Tolerance
2.753 Precision Machine Design
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2mm diameter tolerance zone

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Larger Hole, Larger Tolerance
2.753 Precision Machine Design
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2mm diameter tolerance zone

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Larger Hole, Larger Tolerance
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2mm diameter tolerance zone

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LMC Hole
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3mm diameter tolerance zone

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LMC Hole
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3mm diameter tolerance zone

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LMC Hole
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3mm diameter tolerance zone

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LMC Hole
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3mm diameter tolerance zone

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LMC Hole
2.753 Precision Machine Design
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3mm diameter tolerance zone

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LMC Hole
2.753 Precision Machine Design
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3mm diameter tolerance zone

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LMC Hole
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3mm diameter tolerance zone

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LMC Hole
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3mm diameter tolerance zone

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MMC Hole
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10mm diameter hole
1mm diameter tolerance zone

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Larger Hole
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11mm diameter hole
2mm diameter tolerance zone

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LMC Hole
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12mm diameter hole
3mm diameter tolerance zone

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Anthony Wong
Hole Diameter Position Tolerance
10 1
11 2
12 3
As the hole diameter increases from MMC within the limits of size
the position tolerance will increase by the same amount
MMC
LMC

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n0 MMC
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Hole Diameter Position Tolerance
10 3
11 2
12 1
As the hole diameter increases from LMC within the limits of size
the position tolerance will increase by the same amount
MMC
LMC

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LMC Tolerance
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12mm diameter hole
1mm diameter tolerance zone

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LMC Tolerance
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11mm diameter hole
2mm diameter tolerance zone

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LMC Tolerance
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10mm diameter hole
3mm diameter tolerance zone

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Where Do the Numbers Come From?
• Calculations
– Engineering
– Fit (See Section 16-17)
• Empirical Data
• Cp, Cpk
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Floating Fastener
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Min Hole-Max Fastener = Diametric Tolerance

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Floating Fastener
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Min Hole-Max Fastener = Diametric Tolerance

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Fixed Fastener
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Min Hole-Max Fastener = Sum of Diametric Tolerances

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Fixed Fastener
2.753 Precision Machine Design
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Min Hole-Max Fastener = Sum of Diametric Tolerances

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Fastener Formula
• Floating:
Min Hole-Max Fastener = Diametric Tolerance
• Fixed:
Min Hole-Max Fastener = Sum of Diametric
Tolerances
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Anthony Wong

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Terminology
• Datum: Theoretically exact point, line, plane
or combination
• Datum Feature: Actual feature on the part
• Datum Feature Simulator: Manufacturing
equipment contacting the datum feature
• Simulated Datum: Actual point, line, plane or
combination derived from the datum feature
simulator
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Anthony Wong

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Datum Reference Frame Exercise
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Exercise
• What are options for the datum reference
frame?
• How would a different reference frame affect
the resulting part?
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General Methodology
• Design the product
• Setup the datum reference frame
• Pick the GD&T controls
• Pick the tolerance sizes
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Where to go from here
• Pocket Guide
• Textbooks
• ASME Y14.5
• Library of drawings (for large companies)
• Consultants
2.753 Precision Machine Design
Anthony Wong