This document discusses connecting computers to the Internet. It outlines the objectives of understanding physical and logical connections, components of a computer like the CPU and network interface card, and how to configure and test TCP/IP and Internet connectivity using tools like ping. Applications like web browsers are also explained, which allow users to access and view Internet resources. Troubleshooting steps are provided to define problems, gather facts, create plans and observe results.

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Introduction to Networking
Connecting to the Internet

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Objectives
The learning objectives of this topics are :
 Understand the physical connection that has to take place for a computer to
connect to the Internet.
 Recognize the components that comprise the computer.
 Install and troubleshoot network interface cards and/or modems.
 Use basic testing procedures to test the Internet connection.
 Demonstrate a basic understanding of the use of web browsers and plug-ins.

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Requirements for Internet
connection
 Physical connection
 The physical connection is used to transfer signals between PCs within
the local network and to remote devices on the Internet.
 Logical connection
 The logical connection uses standards called protocols. A protocol is a
formal description of a set of rules and conventions that govern how
devices on a network communicate.
 Applications that interpret the data and display the information
 Applications work with protocols to send and receive data across the
Internet. Example of such applications are web browser and FTP
application.

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PC Basics
Major components of a PC:
 Central processing unit (CPU)
 The brains of the computer where most calculations take place.
 Motherboard
 The main circuit board of a microcomputer
 Random-access memory (RAM)
 Also known as Read-Write memory, new data can be written to it
and stored data can be read from it. RAM requires electrical power
to maintain data storage. If the computer is turned off or loses
power, all data stored in RAM is lost.
 Expansion slot
 A socket on the motherboard where a circuit board can be inserted
to add new capabilities to the computer.
 Network interface card (NIC)
 An expansion board inserted into a computer so that the computer can be
connected to a network.

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CPU

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Motherboard

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Expansion Slots

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Network Interface Card

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TCP/IP description and
configuration
 Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
(TCP/IP) is a set of protocols or rules developed
to allow cooperating computers to share
resources across a network. To enable TCP/IP
on the workstation, it must be configured using
the operating system tools.

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Windows XP – TCP/IP
Configuration

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Testing connectivity with ping
 Ping is a utility used to verify Internet connectivity. The ping command works by
sending multiple IP packets to a specified destination. Each packet sent is a request
for a reply. The output response for a ping contains the success ratio and round-trip
time to the destination. From this information, it is possible to determine if there is
connectivity to a destination.

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Web browser and plug-ins
 A web browser performs the following functions:
 Contacts a web server
 Requests information
 Receives information
 Displays the results on the screen
 A web browser is software that interprets
hypertext markup language (HTML).

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Internet Explorer

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Steps for PC/Network
Troubleshooting Process
 Define the problem
 Gather the facts
 Consider the possibility
 Create an action plan
 Implement the plan
 Observe the results
 Document the results

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Summary
The summary this topics are :
 Understand the physical connection that has to take place for a computer to
connect to the Internet.
 Recognize the components that comprise the computer.
 Install and troubleshoot network interface cards and/or modems.
 Use basic testing procedures to test the Internet connection.
 Demonstrate a basic understanding of the use of web browsers and plug-ins.