Lecture 1 - Information Age informi.pptx

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INTRODUCTORY CONCEPTS IN
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
LECTURE 1
BIT 1207

LOGO OUTLINE
• The information Age
• Information Technology defined
• Components of Information Technology
• Technology & Information Technology
• The functions, benefits & opportunities of
Information Technology
• Information technology and your life – application
domains

LOGO Welcome to Information Age
• We live in a society where information is an essential
resource and knowledge is valuable.
• Only in the past 40 to 50 years have information and
knowledge been recognized as assets that society needs to
develop and manage.
• With that realization, the information age began; but what
was happening before the rise of an information age?

LOGO Welcome to Information Age
The Evolution of the Information Age
 Agricultural Age: The period up to the 1800s, when the majority of
workers were farmers whose lives revolved around agriculture.
 Industrial Age: The period from the 1800s to 1957, when work
processes were simplified through mechanization and automation.
 Information Age: The period that began in 1957, in which the
majority of workers are involved in the creation, distribution, and
application of information

LOGO
Welcome to Information Age
 INFORMATION AGE/ COMPUTER AGE/ INFORMATION ERA is
Period after the industrial age in which majority of workers shifted
from agriculture and industrial work to creation, distribution and
application of Information.
 Information age can also be defined as a period beginning about
1957 and characterized by the gathering and almost instantaneous
transmission and access of vast amounts of information

LOGO Welcome to the Information Age
The Evolution of the Information Age (Cont’d)

LOGO
The Characteristics of the Information Age
1. An information-based society has arisen.
 Information Society: A society in which more people work at
handling information than at agriculture and manufacturing
combined.
2. Businesses depend on information technology to get their
work done.
3. Work processes are being transformed to increase
productivity.

LOGO The Characteristics of the Information Age
 Work Processes: The combination of activities that
workers perform, the way they perform those activities,
and the tools they use.
 Productivity: The relationship between the results of an
activity (output) and the resources used to create those
results (inputs).

LOGO The Characteristics of the Information Age
4. Information technology is embedded in many
products and services.
 An important point: I.T is valuable only if the recipient finds
the capabilities it provides desirable. Value may consist of
convenience, quality, reliability, or novelty – any other
characteristics the consumer feels is useful.
 Let us consider the introduction of I.T into personal
travel industry in the next figure..

LOGO
Welcome to the Information Age
The Characteristics of the Information Age
(Continued)
9

LOGO What is Information Technology?
Information Technology is a term that
refers to all forms of technologies used
to create, store, and distribute data and
information.
Key terms
- Technology
- Data
- Information
- Knowledge

LOGO What is Information Technology cont’d
 Technologies: Artificial instruments or systems that extend
our natural capabilities. The wheel chair for example is an
extension of the foot as a mode of transportation.
 The microscope and the electric light bulb extend our power
of vision into unseen worlds.
 Of all forms of technology, information technologies are
perhaps the most important. From the beginning, humans
have extended natural forms of representing and
communicating information to incorporate artificial or
external forms.

LOGO What is Information Technology cont’d
 Data: Raw facts. Facts can be figures, characters and
details.
 Information: An organized, meaningful, and useful
interpretation of data.
 Knowledge: An awareness and understanding of a set of
information and how that information can be put to the best
use.

LOGO
What is Information Technology cont’d

LOGO
Components of IT – Computers
 The computer, any electronic system that can be instructed to
accept, process, store, and present data and information, is
everywhere in the daily lives of many people around the globe.
 In fact, it is difficult to think of any field that does not involve or is
not affected by computers.
 computers do not always look the way you think they should.
 An ATM, for instance , may not fit your image of a computer.
But this cash dispenser is a computer, as is the automatic
check in terminal.
 Your camera, mobile phone, also are (or use) small computers.

LOGO
Reality check..
• You have probably heard some stories about computer
failures. Remember, though, it is important to distinguish
between the inability to get the results you want from a
computer and the failure of the computer (or network) itself.
• Early in the computer era, the failure rate of computers was
high because the components used in the systems burned
out after only a few hours of use.
• Today, however, we have extremely reliable computers and
communication networks that operate for years without a
hitch.

LOGO Reality check.. Cont’d
• Nonetheless, computers are not perfect. Computers and
networks on some university campuses fail more often that
others do. Generally, the cause of failure is excessive use…
• Because they are called upon to process a heavier load than
anticipated when they were designed and implemented, the
systems become overloaded and break down.
N.B. There are other reasons as to why computers and
networks fail other than excessive use… these include….
Discuss!!

LOGO
Components of IT
Communications Networks
• An integral part of information technology is communication -
the sending and receiving of data and information over a
communications network.
• A communications network consists of a set of stations at
different locations that are interconnected through a medium
that enable people to send and receive data and information.
• Data communication is the transmission of data and
information through a communications medium.

LOGO Components of IT – Know how
• The capability to do something well.
• Information technology know-how consists of:
 Familiarity with the tools of IT; including the Internet
 Possession of the skills needed to use these tools
 An understanding of when to use IT to solve a problem
or create an opportunity

LOGO Components of IT
• The three components of information technology are
inseparable
• Computers and communications are of little use without
know-how

LOGO The Functions of Information Technology
23

LOGO What exactly can IT do?
 Capture: The process of compiling detailed records of
activities. It is performed when you expect the data will be
useful later.
 Processing: A process that involves the use of a computer
programs to summarize, analyze or otherwise convert data
into usable information.
Data processing involves recording, analyzing, sorting,
summarizing, calculating, data. Because data is most useful
when well-presented and actually informative, data-processing
systems are often referred to as information systems.
24

LOGO Functions cont’d
 Storage: Storage is the computer process of retaining
information for future use
 Retrieval is the process by which a computer locates and
copies stored data or information for further processing or
for transmission to another user.
 Transmission: The computer process of distributing
information over a communications network.
– Electronic Mail, or E-Mail
– Voice Messaging, or Voice Mail 25

LOGO
The Opportunities of Information
Technology
 Helping People
How can I be more effective? More productive? More
creative? And how can I help other people?
 Solving Problems
Problem: A perceived difference between an existing
condition and a desired condition.
Problem Solving: The process of recognizing a problem,
identifying alternatives for solving it, and successfully
implementing the chosen solution
26

LOGO Reality check…
• Problems are usually perceived as causing trouble, harm,
even destructions. But there is a brighter side to problems:
they often create opportunities.
• Out of a difficult situation arises the chance to formulate
innovative ways of dealing with the difficulty to do something
new, different, and better.
• In the business world, successful executives see problems as
opportunities to create a distinct advantage in a product or
service.
27

LOGO Reality check cont’d
• Take a problem of automobile tire and wear. Many people
are too busy to notice when the tread of their tires is worn
down. This is a problem.
• Opportunity- tire manufacturers developed a technology that
involves inserting into a new tire a microprocessor that
senses wear and signals the driver it is time to replace the
tire. Thus, the problem of unnoticed worn tires turned out to
be n opportunity to develop a new product.
• Because we are surrounded by seemingly endless stream of
problems, we are also in the midst of an unending series of
opportunities.
28

LOGO
Information Technology Is All Around Us,
Improving Our Lives
 Information technology is everywhere. Here are some ways
in which IT touches on and improves our lives everyday –
though we are usually not ware of it..
29

LOGO
Improving Our Lives
 Television broadcasting
 Education
 Training
 Entertainment
 Shipping
30

LOGO
 Paperwork
 Money and Investments
 Agriculture
 Taxation and Accounting
 Health and Medicine
Improving Our Lives (Continued)
31

LOGO
 Journalism
 Energy
 Sports
NB: Details of How I.T has been integrated in the above
application domains are to be discussed in our
respective groups and there-after present in class.
Information Technology Is All Around
Us,
Lives (Continued)
32

LOGO
The Responsibilities of Using Information
Technology
• To be Informed: Users have to know how computers and
networks can be applied in different situations, and the
capabilities and limitations of I.T in those situations.
• To Make Proper Use of IT: Users need to take responsibility
for employing I.T in desirable and ethical ways that help
people and do not infringe on their privacy, rights or well
being.
• To Safeguard: Users must take responsibility for protecting
data and information that are in a computer or transmitted
over a network against intentional or accidental damage or
loss.
33

LOGO Lecture 1: Review questions
1. The terms Information Age and Information Society are
frequently associated with applications of information
technology. How do the meanings of the two terms differ with
respect to Information technology?
2. Explain the statement: The information Age does not replace
the activities of earlier ages. It transforms them.
3. Know how is neither a computer or a communication network.
Why, then, is it a component of Information technology.
4. How does Incorporating I.T in a business improve customer
service? 34

35
Thank You
4/7/2024 BIT 1104

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