1. The Boycott
• Year of Prophethood: 7
• Boycott of Banu Hashim and Banu Muttalib
– The two clans had to live in the Shi‘b Abi Talib (The valley of Abu
Talib)
– Continued for three years
2. The Year of Sorrow
• Abu Talib and Khadija tul-Kubra passed away
• Leadership of Banu Hashim passed on to Abu Lahab
• Journey to Ta’if
– Banu Thaqif’s Treatment
– Prayer of the Prophet (S.A.W)
– Addaas
– Mut‘im Ibn ‘Adi
3. Isra and Mi‘raaj
• Isra: Journey from Kaaba to Masjid al-Aqsa
• Mi‘raaj: Journey from Masjid al-Aqsa Sidra tul-Muntaha
• Physical or Spiritual Journey?
4. Yathrib
• Tribes living in Yathrib
– Arab tribes: Aws and Khazraj
– Jewish tribes: Banu Qaynuqa, Banu Nadheer, Banu Qurayza
• Six men of Khazraj accepted Islam during the days of Hajj
– 11th Year of Prophethood
5.
6.
7. Pledges of Al-Aqaba
• First Pledge of Aqaba: Twelve men meet the next year
– 12th Year of Prophethood
– Mus ‘ab Ibn Umayr, As‘ad Ibn Zurrara, Saad Ibn Mu‘aaz
• Second Pledge Aqaba: Seventy Five Muslims
– 13th Year of Prophethood
8. The Hijra
• After the Pledge of Aqaba Muslims started to migrate in
small groups in secret
• Meeting of the leaders of Quraysh in Dar al-Nadwa
• Prophet (S.A.W) and Abu Bakr leave Makkah at Night
– Contribution of Abu Bakr’s Household in the Hijra
• Story of Suraqa Ibn Malik
9. Arrival in Yathrib
• Arrival in Quba after 12 days journey
– Stay for about 4 Days
– First Masjid built
• Arrival in Madina
– Stay in the House of Abu Ayub Ansari
– Construction of Masjid Nabwi
– Adhaan: Dream of Abdullah Ibn Zayd, Umar Ibn Khattab
10. Foundations of the State of Madinah
• Establishment of Brotherhood
– Between Ansaar and Muhajiroon
• The Covenant of Madinah
– Alliance between Jews and Muslims
– Religious Tolerance
– Prophet (S.A.W): the final authority in dispute resolution
11. Conversions to Islam Continue
• Salman al-Farsi
– Isfahan → Jerusalem → Mosul → Nusaybin → Istanbul → Wadi al-
Quraa → Madina
• Abdullah Ibn Salaam
– A Jewish scholar
12. Perpetual State of War
• Muslims barred from visiting Kaaba
• Muslims faced aggression
• Incidents of looting
13. Permission to Fight
َّنِإ َو ۚ واُمِلُظ ْمُهَّنَأِب َونُلَتاَقُي َينِذَّلِل َنِذُأ
َهللا
يرِدَقَل ْمِه ِ
رْصَن ٰ
ىَلَع
Permission to fight back is hereby granted to the believers against
whom war is waged and because they are oppressed; certainly
Allah has power to grant them victory. [Surah al-Hajj: 39]
14. Strategy of the Prophet (S.A.W)
• Building alliances with the tribes residing along the trade
caravan
• Constant surveillance of the trade caravan
• Less Significant Campaigns
– Difference between Siriyya and Ghazwa
15. Siriyya Nakhla
• 2nd Year of Hijra
• Leader of the campaign: Abdullah Ibn Jahash
• Month: Rajab – One of the Forbidden Months
16. ََكنوُلَأْسَي
الَتِق ْلُق ۖ ِهيِف ٍلاَتِق ِامَرَحْال ِ
رْهَّشال ِنَع
َو ِ َّ
اَّلل ِليِبَس ْنَع ٌّدَص َو ۖ يرِبَك ِهيِف
ِهِب رْفُك
ِ َّ
اَّلل َدْنِع ُرَبْكَأ ُهْنِم ِهِلْهَأ ُجاَرْخِإ َو ِامَرَحْال ِد ِجْسَمْال َو
ِلْتَقْال َنِم ُرَبْكَأ ََُنْتِفْال َو ۚ
They ask you about war in the Sacred Month. Tell them: "fighting
in this month is a heinous offence; but to prevent from the path of
Allah, to deny Him, to prevent access and expel His worshippers
from the Sacred Mosque is a more severe crime, since mischief is
worse than killing in His sight. [Surah al-Baqara: 217]
17. Battle of Badr
• Trade Caravan from Syria led by Abu Sufyan
• Plan to attack the caravan
• Caravan saved
18.
19. Battle of Badr
• Information gathering
• Seeking advice of the companions
• Camping at Badr
20. Battle of Badr: Facts
• Strength of the Muslims: 313
– 2 horses and 70 camels
• Strenght of the Quraysh: 950
– 100 horses and countless camels
– Lead by: Abu Jahal
