An overview of the principle of repetition across the 5 major learning traditions (i.e., Behavioral, Cognitive, Constructive, Social, and Human).

1. Repetition

2. Repetition

3. Behavioral

4. –Aristotle
“the more frequently two things are experienced
together, the more likely it will be that the
experience or recall of one will stimulate the
recall of the second.”
Law of Frequency

6. — John Watson, 1930, p. 204
“To make the whole process a little more concrete, let us put in front of the three-year-old
child, whose habits of manipulation are well established, a problem box—a box that can
be opened only after a certain thing has been done; for example, he has to press inward
a small wooden button. Before we hand it to him, we show him the open box containing
several small pieces of candy and then we close it and tell him that if he opens it he may
have a piece of candy. This situation is new to him. None of his previously learned
formed manipulation habits will completely and instantly work in this situation. None of his
unlearned reactions will help him very much. What does he do? That depends upon his
previous organization. If well organized by previous handling of toys, he goes at the
problem at once—(1) he picks the box up, (2) he pounds it on the floor, (3) he drags it
round and round, (4) he pushes it up against the base-board, (5) he turns it over, (6) he
strikes it with his fist. In other words, he does everything he has learned to do in the past
in similar situations. He displays his whole repertoire of acts—brings all of his previously
acquired organization to bear upon the new problem. Let us suppose that he has 50
learned and unlearned separate responses at his command. At one time or another
during his first attempt to open the box, let us assume that he displays, as he will, nearly
all of them before he pushes the button hard enough to release the catch. The time the
whole process takes, we will say, is about twenty minutes. When he opens it, we give him
his bit of candy, close up the box and hand it to him again. The next time he makes fewer
movements; the third time fewer still. In 10 trials or less he can open the box without
making a useless movement and he can open it in two seconds.”

7. Reinforcement Schedules
each hashmark represents a reinforcer being given

8. Reinforcement Schedules
Ratio Interval
Variable Slot machine Pop quizzes
Fixed Gumball machine Weekly quizzes

9. Cognitive

11. Repetition + Insight
Not all of the apes employed the
boxes so quickly. For example, Koko
took several weeks to learn to use the
box (Kohler, 1951, pp. 39-45).
However, once he figured it out, and
successfully obtained the banana
several times using the box as a
platform, he would “turn towards the
box and seize it as soon as anyone
came in sight carrying edibles” (p. 45).
—Draper, 2011, p. 92

12. 3-stage model of memory

13. Chiefer
Claw
s
Feline
Fur
Cat
Kaya
Ruby
Rafa
Sam
Chiefe
r

17. Constructive

18. –Johnny Appleseed
“Type a quote here.”

19. –Bruner, 1996, p. 119
“A long time ago, I proposed the idea of a ‘spiral
curriculum,’ the idea that in teaching a subject
you begin with an ‘intuitive’ account that is well
within the reach of a student, and then circle
back later to a more formal or highly structured
account, until, with however many more
recyclings are necessary, the learner has
mastered the topic or subject in its full
generative power.”
Spiral Curriculum

20. Human

22. — Weibull, 2011, p. 195
“Zimmerman further described self-regulation theorists view of learning
as "an open-ended process that requires cyclical activity on the part of
the learner that occurs in three major phases: forethought, performance
or volitional control, and self-reflection" (Schunk & Zimmerman, 1998,
p. 2). The forethought phase accounts for "five types of forethought
processes and beliefs [that] have been studied in research on
academic self-regulation" (Schunk & Zimmerman, 1998, p. 2). They
are: goal setting, strategic planning, self-efficacy beliefs, goal
orientation, and intrinsic interest. The performance or volitional control
phase accounts for three processes that have been studied in research
on academic self-regulation, namely: attention focusing, self-instruction
and imagery, and self-monitoring. The self-reflection phases accounts
for four types of self reflection. They are: self- evaluation, attributions,
self-reactions, and adaptivity.”

23. Social

24. Solve the following
3624 : 12

25. Solve the following
*(pretend that’s a division sign, not a square root sign)
12 √ 3624

26. Internalization
“I did it in my head!”