Learner’s characteristics from an autonomous perspective: A cross-cultural review
The characteristics of L2 learners are different from each other both from the broad and narrow senses. Each learner is different from one another and shows a wide range of learning behaviors in formal and informal learning environments. This study summarizes the already-published literature based on the research in the USA, Australia, Bangladesh, Brazil, Germany, Japan, Malaysia, and Taiwan. Every individual research illustrated the varieties of characteristics of autonomous learners and, at the same time, there are some similarities in the behaviors of autonomous learners around the world. This paper tries to display the theoretical claims about the characteristics of autonomous learners and show the similarities and differences in the characteristics of L2 autonomous learners found in research around the world on L2 teaching and learning environments by answering the following research questions.
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Learner’s characteristics from an autonomous perspective: A cross-cultural review
- 1. Learner’s Characteristics from an autonomous perspective: A cross-cultural review Dept. of English UL Lafayette Md Arman (C00544027)
- 3. Differences between when they start and when they have some skills 1st, knowledge is concrete, easy 2nd, knowledge difficult,obscure and contradictory
- 4. Ways of thinking/doing when first come to the school: Unsophisticated Learners Avoid taking responsibility Knowledge is separate from each other Learn it now or never Learning ability is innate Knowledge is definite
- 5. Characteristics of unsophisticated learnerssurface They think they’ll learn a lot about knowledge Root learning: Memorization & Reproduction They think they are always ready to reproduce
- 6. Characteristics of sophisticated learnersdeep Understanding the contents Attitude to treat it from different angels Flexible to learning environment
- 7. Learner’s Autonomyindependent learners Take responsibility of her/his own learning Role of their own teacher Learning objectives, selecting materials Do not allow others to interfere
- 9. Theoretical ClaimsKrashen behave like L1 learners avoid monitoring barrier create challenges for themselves learn & acquire naturally self-motivated
- 10. Theoretical ClaimsDouglas McGregor(psychologist) - + NO YES Theory X Negative motivation Theory Y Positive motivation
- 11. Theory X assumes that People are... Lazy & Not motivated Unambitious, Avoid responsibility Like to be directed Little or no development NO
- 12. Theory Y assumes that People... Self-motivated Enjoy challenge Optimistic view Engaged to goal YES
- 13. Research found Set objectives by themselves Create their own strategies Create positive effects on L proficiency & skills Free to select materials Find their own weakness and strength
- 14. Research found Self- dermined Avail any opprotunity to develop L2 skills Fully engaged to achieve the goal
- 15. Common charecteristics Know what to use and what to avoid Repetition of sample materials until they understand. Usage of entertaining tools Songs-> Lyrics Movies-> Sub-titles Cartoon Radio & TV programs