The first appearance of the word "Democracy".

1. Laws of Hammurabi
MEDICINE IN ANYCIENT Babylonia (MESSOPOTAMIA)
SPECIFICALLY THE “LAWS OF HAMMURABI”
SOURCES:
 Babylonian and Assyrian Laws, Contracts and Letters, by C.
H. W.
• Johns, in 1904, one of a series called the “Library of Ancient
Inscriptions”, from a facsimile produced by The Legal
Classics Library, Division of Gryphon Editions, New York in
1987.
• http://www.ancient.eu.com.EDU
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babylonia

2. Mesopotamia
Babylonia is the city from ancient Mesopotamia
conceding with Tigris-Euphrates basin, around 7th AD.
It is ruins lies where Iraq is based today. It was an ancient
Akkadian speaking nation and cultural based in central
southern Mesopotamia. Mesopotamia became a an
independent state in 1894 after fierce battles between
tribes. This empire was ruled by many dynasties, prior
such as Amorite dynasty 1894-1155
Native rule of Isin 1155-1026 BC,
Assyrian and Persian ruled around 620 BC.

3. CITY OF BABYLONIA
THE HAMMURABI’S KINGDOM
Babylonia remained a tiny city until its sixth king
Hammurabi, an Amorite lived 1792-1750 BCE, after
the death o f his father-Sin-Muballit.
Hammurabi as a king established the very first
centralised government with written laws. He
waged wars and conquering other nations until the
whole of Mesopotamia came under his control and
rule; and became to known collectively as
Babylonia.

4. States covered under new Babylonia

5. Hammurabi code of laws
What make Hammurabi outstanding among all the other
kings, is the order he gave for the establishment of
written laws. He expelled Emalites.
The code has been as an early example of primitive
constitutional law regulating the government, idea if
being innocent until proven guilty in the court.
These laws were written in the stel and diotere
approximately of the of the size of the human being.
These laws were 282.
THE LAWS WERE WITTEN IN THE LANGUAGE PEOPLE CAN
READ AND UNDERSTAND.

6. Subjects covered by Hammurabi laws
1. Religion
127-”If anyone point a finger at a sister or god, wife
of someone; he shall be taken before the judge and
have his skin marked.
2. Trade
Law#265-if the herdsman , to whose cattle or sheep
have been entrusted, be guilty of fraud and make
false return of the natural increase or sell them for
money, he shall be convicted and pay the owner.

7. Laws continue……..
3. Slavery
law#15-if anyone take a male or female slave of the court, or a male or
female slave of a freed ma, he shall be put to death.
4. The duties of workers
Law#42- if anyone take over the field to tilt it, and no harvest was
obtained, and his neighbour obtained good harvest, it must be proven
that he did not work on the field.
5. Theft
Law#15- If a man has committed highway robbery and has been
caught, that man shall be put to death.
6. Food
Law#104- if the merchant give a certain agent to transport, the agency
should give the receipt to the merchant .
7. Military service

8. Hammurabi laws to physicians
206=If a man has struck another in quarrel, and
caused him a permanent injury, that man shall
swear, "I struck him without malice," and shall pay
the doctor.
215=If a surgeon has operated with the bronze
lancet on a patrician for a serious injury, and has
cured him, or has removed with a bronze lancet a
cataract for a patrician, and has cured his eye, he
shall take ten shekels of silver.

9. Laws regarding Physicians……..
216. If it be a plebeian, he shall take five shekels of silver.
217. If it be a man's slave, the owner of the slave shall give two shekels
of silver to the surgeon.
218. If a surgeon has operated with the bronze lancet on a patrician for a
serious injury, and has caused his death, or has removed a cataract for a
patrician, with the bronze lancet, and has made him lose his eye, his hands
shall be cut off.
219. If the surgeon has treated a serious injury of a plebeian's slave,
with the bronze lancet, and has caused his death, he shall render slave for
slave.
220. If he has removed a cataract with the bronze lancet, and made the
slave lose his eye, he shall pay half his value.

10. Laws regarding physicians………
221. If a surgeon has cured the limb of a patrician, or has doctored a
diseased bowel, the patient shall pay five shekels of silver to the
surgeon.
222. If he be a plebeian, he shall pay three shekels of silver.
223. If he be a man's slave, the owner of the slave shall give two
shekels
of silver to the doctor.
224. If a veterinary surgeon has treated an ox, or an ass, for a severe
injury, and cured it, the owner of the ox, or the ass, shall pay the
surgeon one-sixth of a shekel of silver, as his fee.

11. Medicine
Medical diagnosis and prognosis
There was a real common ground among these Babylonian forms of
knowledge... an approach involving analysis of particular cases,
constructed only through traces, symptoms, hints. Depending on the
form of knowledge called upon. Toward future, that was the medical
science of symptoms, with its double character, diagnostic, explaining
past and present, and prognostic, suggesting likely future of a patient.

12. Babylonian Texts
The most extensive Babylonian medical text, is the Diagnostic
Handbook written by the ummânū, or chief scholar, Easilgl (1069-1046
BC).
Along with contemporary ancient Egyptian medicine, the Babylonians
introduced the concepts of diagnosis , prognosis , physical
examination, and prescriptions. In addition, the Diagnostic
Handbook introduced the methods of therapy and aetiology and the
of empiricism, logic and rationality in diagnosis, prognosis and
therapy. The text contains a list of medical symptoms and often
detailed empirical observations along with logical rules used in
combining observed symptoms on the body of a patient with its
diagnosis and prognosis.
The disease where treated by means of therapeutic (bandaging,
creams and pills) or if not curable, the patient was referred to seek
cleansing from curses.

13. HELAO SILAS
BY HELAO SILAS