Law-Exchange.co.uk Shared Resource
•Download as DOC, PDF•
1 like•148 views
Magistrates are judicial officers who preside over criminal and civil matters in Magistrates' Courts. They can remand defendants in custody, issue arrest warrants, and handle civil claims under £25,000. Magistrates must be over 18, have no criminal convictions, and possess sound judgment, communication skills, and the ability to make fair and impartial decisions. Magistrates are appointed by the Lord Chancellor and serve terms of 5 years, which can be renewed.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Act1_MTBZ
El documento resume brevemente eventos importantes en el desarrollo de la computadora entre los años 1965-1979, incluyendo la adquisición de la primera computadora de la UNAM en 1985, el surgimiento de la primera computadora microcomercial PDP-8 en 1965, el desarrollo del mouse y teclado en 1968, el procesamiento electrónico de datos censales en México en 1970, la creación del consorcio Televisa en 1972, el lanzamiento de las primeras microcomputadoras TRS-80 en 1975, y la fundación de Microsoft en 1979.
Law-Exchange.co.uk Shared Resource
The document discusses unfair contract terms and consumer protection acts in the UK. It asks a series of questions about exclusion clauses, the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977, and the Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1999. Specifically:
1) Exclusion clauses allow businesses to avoid liability but are subject to strict rules developed by judges to protect consumers.
2) The Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 protects consumers against unfair terms. It aims to address the imbalance between consumers and businesses.
3) The test of reasonableness and factors like good faith are used to determine which exclusion clauses are valid under the Acts and Regulations.
MacysMarketingChallenge_FINAL
The document proposes a new mobile app called Macy's Weddings to optimize Macy's wedding registry system and build lifelong relationships with brides and grooms. The app would have many of the same features as the main Macy's app but be specialized for wedding planning. It would allow users to create registries, maintain to-do lists, access advice and suggestions. The document compares Macy's registry features to competitor Bed Bath & Beyond, noting BBB's app is more user-friendly. It argues Macy's long history and personal services would help the new app succeed by better engaging millennial customers who increasingly rely on mobile apps.
Ibenbrandon slideshare
Over 800 million people worldwide do not have access to clean drinking water. Unsafe water and lack of sanitation cause 88% of diarrhea diseases, which lead to 4,100 child deaths per day. The charity: water organization addresses this issue by funding water projects that provide solutions like hand dug wells, spring protection, drilled wells, and biosand filters. These solutions give access to clean water for 20 years with a $20 donation that can save one life.
Общественное достояние. Произведения и авторы, работы которых переходят в реж...
Доклад подготовлен Некоммерческим партнёрством содействия распространению энциклопедических знаний «Викимедиа РУ». В докладе рассматриваются вопросы концепции общественного достояния, его регулирование в рамках международного законодательства и национальных законодательств разных стран. Особенно подробно проанализирована касающаяся общественного достояния законодательная и судебная практика в Российской Федерации.
В работе представлен список наиболее важных для интересов российского общества произведений, переходящих в общественное достояние 1 января 2016 года.
Law-Exchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document provides vocabulary related to criminal law. Key terms in criminal law are defined to help understand legal concepts and proceedings. Understanding criminal law terminology is important for those working in or learning about the criminal justice system.
Presentation: Bringing Social Media Into the Retail Experience
Engagement. Convergence. Mobility. Omnichannel. Over the last three years, Macy's has evolved from using these as buzzwords, to making them the core of their digital marketing strategy. In this session, Jennifer Kasper, group vp, digital media & multi-cultural marketing of Macy's will discuss how the retailer has developed social communities as a means to activate their customers, build loyalty, and drive sales.
Presenter
Jennifer Kasper, VP/Digital Media & Multi-Cultural Marketing, Macy's
Law-Exchange.co.uk Shared Resource
The document discusses legal concepts related to negligence, liability, and damages. It references the court case Hill v Baxter and legal principles such as actus reus, mens rea, statute of limitations, and circumstances in determining liability and consequences in negligence claims and prosecutions.
Recommended
Act1_MTBZ
El documento resume brevemente eventos importantes en el desarrollo de la computadora entre los años 1965-1979, incluyendo la adquisición de la primera computadora de la UNAM en 1985, el surgimiento de la primera computadora microcomercial PDP-8 en 1965, el desarrollo del mouse y teclado en 1968, el procesamiento electrónico de datos censales en México en 1970, la creación del consorcio Televisa en 1972, el lanzamiento de las primeras microcomputadoras TRS-80 en 1975, y la fundación de Microsoft en 1979.
Law-Exchange.co.uk Shared Resource
The document discusses unfair contract terms and consumer protection acts in the UK. It asks a series of questions about exclusion clauses, the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977, and the Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1999. Specifically:
1) Exclusion clauses allow businesses to avoid liability but are subject to strict rules developed by judges to protect consumers.
2) The Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 protects consumers against unfair terms. It aims to address the imbalance between consumers and businesses.
3) The test of reasonableness and factors like good faith are used to determine which exclusion clauses are valid under the Acts and Regulations.
MacysMarketingChallenge_FINAL
The document proposes a new mobile app called Macy's Weddings to optimize Macy's wedding registry system and build lifelong relationships with brides and grooms. The app would have many of the same features as the main Macy's app but be specialized for wedding planning. It would allow users to create registries, maintain to-do lists, access advice and suggestions. The document compares Macy's registry features to competitor Bed Bath & Beyond, noting BBB's app is more user-friendly. It argues Macy's long history and personal services would help the new app succeed by better engaging millennial customers who increasingly rely on mobile apps.
Ibenbrandon slideshare
Over 800 million people worldwide do not have access to clean drinking water. Unsafe water and lack of sanitation cause 88% of diarrhea diseases, which lead to 4,100 child deaths per day. The charity: water organization addresses this issue by funding water projects that provide solutions like hand dug wells, spring protection, drilled wells, and biosand filters. These solutions give access to clean water for 20 years with a $20 donation that can save one life.
Общественное достояние. Произведения и авторы, работы которых переходят в реж...
Доклад подготовлен Некоммерческим партнёрством содействия распространению энциклопедических знаний «Викимедиа РУ». В докладе рассматриваются вопросы концепции общественного достояния, его регулирование в рамках международного законодательства и национальных законодательств разных стран. Особенно подробно проанализирована касающаяся общественного достояния законодательная и судебная практика в Российской Федерации.
В работе представлен список наиболее важных для интересов российского общества произведений, переходящих в общественное достояние 1 января 2016 года.
Law-Exchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document provides vocabulary related to criminal law. Key terms in criminal law are defined to help understand legal concepts and proceedings. Understanding criminal law terminology is important for those working in or learning about the criminal justice system.
Presentation: Bringing Social Media Into the Retail Experience
Engagement. Convergence. Mobility. Omnichannel. Over the last three years, Macy's has evolved from using these as buzzwords, to making them the core of their digital marketing strategy. In this session, Jennifer Kasper, group vp, digital media & multi-cultural marketing of Macy's will discuss how the retailer has developed social communities as a means to activate their customers, build loyalty, and drive sales.
Presenter
Jennifer Kasper, VP/Digital Media & Multi-Cultural Marketing, Macy's
Law-Exchange.co.uk Shared Resource
The document discusses legal concepts related to negligence, liability, and damages. It references the court case Hill v Baxter and legal principles such as actus reus, mens rea, statute of limitations, and circumstances in determining liability and consequences in negligence claims and prosecutions.
Contents page creation
The document describes the process of laying out a magazine contents page in Quark, including adding columns, regular tabs, text, images, and a title in purple text to match the front cover. Upon reflection, the author notes the images don't really relate to the headlines on the page.
Dps
The document describes the process of designing a double page magazine spread. The author adds a photo, page number, subheading, artist name, and quote to structure the layout and provide context. Text is imported and formatting is adjusted to align elements professionally according to magazine conventions.
Presentation4
This document describes the initial creation and revisions made to a contents page. The first version had a photo and text arranged messily with extra space. It was reworked by adding a light gray background in Photoshop. Red and black boxes were made along with importing a masthead and "contents" title. Text articles and photos were then added using text boxes and import tools, completing the revised contents page.
Preview of Book 8
The story is about 5 kids on a big, red school bus who ask their grandmother Nana and the bus driver if they can stop to collect honey ants from a mulga tree to bring to school. Nana agrees and they stop to dig up honey ants, filling a red tin cup with a large group of them to share with the other children at school. The story is accompanied by illustrations and includes a song about going around the mulga bush.
Cовременные инструменты регистрации и идентификации в сети интернет произведе...
В исследовании дана характеристика инструментов идентификации произведений культуры, науки и образования в соответствии с разработанной категоризацией в отношении эффективности и сферы применения таких инструментов и обоснован выбор определённого идентификатора, DOI, в качестве потенциально применимого стандарта для идентификации произведений и документов. Разработана и представлена конкретная стратегия идентификации произведений в контексте формирования резервной системы знаний с первостепенной ролью банков знания – открытых репозиториев, работающих в режиме открытых лицензий или общественного достояния. Подробно разбирается возможность создания реестра сиротских произведений и возможные способы финансирования процесса идентификации за счёт средств федерального бюджета или институтов развития, приводятся конкретные оценки по масштабу необходимого финансирования для реализации стратегии.
В исследовании приводятся отзывы экспертов как на весь текст исследования, так и на основные положения стратегии, опубликованные под заголовком «Инфраструктура Ноосферы» в интернет-издании «Частный Корреспондент». В исследовании используются наработки «торонтской школы» теории коммуникации, а концепция Ноосферы применяется как нормативная медиа-модель, приводится концепция информационного богатства общества, намечены темы для экспертных обсуждений, технологической экспертизы и законотворчества. Принципиально важным для новой модели провозглашается открытый доступ к знаниям и культурным ценностям, официальным документам, а также на создание системы стимулов для авторов произведений для размещения в режиме открытого доступа.
Tips calidad4
El documento proporciona información sobre auditorías de calidad, incluyendo definiciones clave como conformidad real, no conformidad potencial, acción correctiva, acción preventiva, servicio no conforme, queja y reclamo. También describe elementos del sistema de gestión de calidad como misión, visión, política de calidad, objetivos de calidad, procesos, manuales y caracterizaciones. Por último, ofrece consejos sobre dónde encontrar documentación relevante para la auditoría.
Las nadadoras más sexis
This document lists the names of some of the most attractive female swimmers from 2000-2015, including swimmers from Australia, Spain, the United Kingdom, Finland, Italy, Germany, the United States, Brazil, and Hungary.
The Courts
The U.S. court system is triangular with many trial courts at the bottom, fewer appeals courts in the middle, and a supreme court at the top at both the federal and state levels. Trial courts determine facts and apply the law, while appellate courts review trials for legal errors. The U.S. Supreme Court mainly hears appeals involving constitutional issues or disagreements between circuit courts. Specialized courts exist at both federal and state levels to handle specific areas like bankruptcy, tax, or juvenile cases. Jurisdiction and venue determine where a case can be properly filed and heard.
Research Methodology
The document outlines the key steps and considerations for conducting research. It discusses:
1) The 8 main steps in the research process including formulating the problem, literature review, data collection and analysis, and reporting results.
2) Additional guidance on formulating the research problem, reviewing literature, developing objectives, and determining the research method and design.
3) Types of research including doctrinal, non-doctrinal, analytical, historical, inter-disciplinary, inductive, deductive, and comparative approaches.
Google Keyword Planner
This document provides a 7-step process for using Google's Keyword Planner tool to generate keyword ideas and download them: 1) Open a Google Adwords account, 2) Access the Keyword Planner from the tools menu, 3) Click "New Keywords/Phrases" to start planning, 4) Enter a keyword, location, and get ideas, 5) View the generated keyword ideas in the "Keyword Ideas" tab, 6) Download all suggested keywords to a CSV file by clicking the download button, selecting Excel CSV format.
Research process and sampling
Learn the process of Research.
Research process consists of a series of actions or steps necessary to carry out research. It guides a researcher to conduct research in a planned and organized sequence.
Law-Exchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document provides the marking scheme for the January 2011 GCE LAW examination in England and Wales. It includes marking criteria and guidelines for 6 different law options that were assessed. For each question, it identifies the assessment objectives being tested, such as knowledge of the law (AO1) and skills in legal argument and reasoning (AO2). Sample answers are also provided to illustrate how different levels of response would be marked. The marking scheme aims to ensure examiners apply criteria consistently across all student scripts.
Law-Exchange.co.uk Shared Resource
The document discusses the law around involuntary manslaughter in England and assesses if the law is muddled and unjust. It outlines the different types of involuntary manslaughter including gross negligence, unlawful act manslaughter, and subjective reckless manslaughter. It analyzes cases that illustrate inconsistencies and unjust outcomes. While the law commission proposed reforms, the conclusion is that the current law is adequate and changing it further may only add more confusion.
Law-Exchange.co.uk Shared Resource
The document discusses the aims of sentencing in the UK criminal justice system. When judges pass sentences, they must decide on the appropriate sentence and what they hope to achieve with it. The main aims of sentencing are punishment, deterrence, rehabilitation, protection of the public, reparation, and denunciation. The document provides examples of cases involving a teenager stealing during riots, iPhone robbers convicted of murder, and a rugby star sentenced for grievous bodily harm to illustrate how judges determine sentences based on the aims.
Law-Exchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document outlines the qualifications and training required to become a solicitor or barrister in the UK legal system. It discusses the academic and vocational stages of training, including obtaining a law degree, completing the Legal Practice Course for solicitors or Bar Professional Training Course for barristers, and undertaking a training contract or pupillage. The duties of solicitors, who work in private practice, and barristers, who work as advocates in courts, are also summarized. Finally, the document questions whether the legal profession achieves equality, as women and ethnic minorities remain underrepresented.
Law-Exchange.co.uk Shared Resource
The document discusses various influences on law reform in the UK, including the Law Commission, Royal Commissions, public inquiries, the media, pressure groups, manifesto promises, and European Union law. It provides details on the role and purpose of the Law Commission and Royal Commissions in examining existing laws and advocating for legal changes. Examples are given of public inquiries that led to reforms, such as the Taylor Report after Hillsborough and the Cullen Report after Dunblane.
Law-Exchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document provides instructions for a "Legal Aid Bingo" game where players choose 9 of 15 legal terms to write in a bingo card. The game leader will then randomly select definitions for those terms, with the goal of players getting a full bingo line or full house by matching definitions to their chosen terms. Some of the legal terms listed include things like income based job seekers allowance, legal services commission, access to justice act 1999, and courts and legal services act 1990.
Law-Exchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document defines and explains the legal definitions of assault and battery in UK law. Assault is defined as intentionally or recklessly causing another to apprehend immediate unlawful violence. Battery is defined as the unlawful application of force to another. Both assault and battery require intent or recklessness, and do not require hostile conduct as long as the force or threat of force was unlawful.
Law-Exchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document discusses the exceptions to the general principle in criminal law that an omission (failure to act) does not constitute an actus reus. It outlines six exceptions where an omission can be considered a criminal offense: 1) statutory duty, 2) contractual duty, 3) voluntary assumption of responsibility, 4) avert a danger of your own making, 5) public duty, and 6) special relationship. It provides examples of cases that fall under each exception and discusses potential confusions between some of the exceptions, such as contractual versus public duty, and voluntary assumption versus special relationship. It also addresses issues that can arise in medical cases regarding omissions.
Law-Exchange.co.uk Shared Resource
The document discusses the small claims procedure in the UK legal system. It was introduced in 1973 to provide a quick, simple and cheap way to make a claim in court for amounts under £5000. Key aspects of the small claims procedure include individuals bringing their own cases to reduce costs, the use of lay representatives or district judges who are trained to handle such cases, and the lack of awarding legal costs to the winner which discourages lawyers. The document outlines advantages like low costs and speed, as well as disadvantages such as potential unfairness if one party has a lawyer and difficulties collecting awarded money.
Law-Exchange.co.uk Shared Resource
The county courts are located in major towns across England and Wales, with around 230 total. They have jurisdiction over a variety of civil cases involving contracts, torts, recovery of land, partnerships, trusts, inheritance, divorce, bankruptcy, and discrimination. Around 2 million new cases are filed in county courts each year, though most are settled out of court without going to trial. Cases are heard by circuit judges or district judges, and in some limited cases may involve a jury.
More Related Content
Viewers also liked
Contents page creation
The document describes the process of laying out a magazine contents page in Quark, including adding columns, regular tabs, text, images, and a title in purple text to match the front cover. Upon reflection, the author notes the images don't really relate to the headlines on the page.
Dps
The document describes the process of designing a double page magazine spread. The author adds a photo, page number, subheading, artist name, and quote to structure the layout and provide context. Text is imported and formatting is adjusted to align elements professionally according to magazine conventions.
Presentation4
This document describes the initial creation and revisions made to a contents page. The first version had a photo and text arranged messily with extra space. It was reworked by adding a light gray background in Photoshop. Red and black boxes were made along with importing a masthead and "contents" title. Text articles and photos were then added using text boxes and import tools, completing the revised contents page.
Preview of Book 8
The story is about 5 kids on a big, red school bus who ask their grandmother Nana and the bus driver if they can stop to collect honey ants from a mulga tree to bring to school. Nana agrees and they stop to dig up honey ants, filling a red tin cup with a large group of them to share with the other children at school. The story is accompanied by illustrations and includes a song about going around the mulga bush.
Cовременные инструменты регистрации и идентификации в сети интернет произведе...
В исследовании дана характеристика инструментов идентификации произведений культуры, науки и образования в соответствии с разработанной категоризацией в отношении эффективности и сферы применения таких инструментов и обоснован выбор определённого идентификатора, DOI, в качестве потенциально применимого стандарта для идентификации произведений и документов. Разработана и представлена конкретная стратегия идентификации произведений в контексте формирования резервной системы знаний с первостепенной ролью банков знания – открытых репозиториев, работающих в режиме открытых лицензий или общественного достояния. Подробно разбирается возможность создания реестра сиротских произведений и возможные способы финансирования процесса идентификации за счёт средств федерального бюджета или институтов развития, приводятся конкретные оценки по масштабу необходимого финансирования для реализации стратегии.
В исследовании приводятся отзывы экспертов как на весь текст исследования, так и на основные положения стратегии, опубликованные под заголовком «Инфраструктура Ноосферы» в интернет-издании «Частный Корреспондент». В исследовании используются наработки «торонтской школы» теории коммуникации, а концепция Ноосферы применяется как нормативная медиа-модель, приводится концепция информационного богатства общества, намечены темы для экспертных обсуждений, технологической экспертизы и законотворчества. Принципиально важным для новой модели провозглашается открытый доступ к знаниям и культурным ценностям, официальным документам, а также на создание системы стимулов для авторов произведений для размещения в режиме открытого доступа.
Tips calidad4
El documento proporciona información sobre auditorías de calidad, incluyendo definiciones clave como conformidad real, no conformidad potencial, acción correctiva, acción preventiva, servicio no conforme, queja y reclamo. También describe elementos del sistema de gestión de calidad como misión, visión, política de calidad, objetivos de calidad, procesos, manuales y caracterizaciones. Por último, ofrece consejos sobre dónde encontrar documentación relevante para la auditoría.
Las nadadoras más sexis
This document lists the names of some of the most attractive female swimmers from 2000-2015, including swimmers from Australia, Spain, the United Kingdom, Finland, Italy, Germany, the United States, Brazil, and Hungary.
The Courts
The U.S. court system is triangular with many trial courts at the bottom, fewer appeals courts in the middle, and a supreme court at the top at both the federal and state levels. Trial courts determine facts and apply the law, while appellate courts review trials for legal errors. The U.S. Supreme Court mainly hears appeals involving constitutional issues or disagreements between circuit courts. Specialized courts exist at both federal and state levels to handle specific areas like bankruptcy, tax, or juvenile cases. Jurisdiction and venue determine where a case can be properly filed and heard.
Research Methodology
The document outlines the key steps and considerations for conducting research. It discusses:
1) The 8 main steps in the research process including formulating the problem, literature review, data collection and analysis, and reporting results.
2) Additional guidance on formulating the research problem, reviewing literature, developing objectives, and determining the research method and design.
3) Types of research including doctrinal, non-doctrinal, analytical, historical, inter-disciplinary, inductive, deductive, and comparative approaches.
Google Keyword Planner
This document provides a 7-step process for using Google's Keyword Planner tool to generate keyword ideas and download them: 1) Open a Google Adwords account, 2) Access the Keyword Planner from the tools menu, 3) Click "New Keywords/Phrases" to start planning, 4) Enter a keyword, location, and get ideas, 5) View the generated keyword ideas in the "Keyword Ideas" tab, 6) Download all suggested keywords to a CSV file by clicking the download button, selecting Excel CSV format.
Research process and sampling
Learn the process of Research.
Research process consists of a series of actions or steps necessary to carry out research. It guides a researcher to conduct research in a planned and organized sequence.
Viewers also liked (12)
Cовременные инструменты регистрации и идентификации в сети интернет произведе...
Cовременные инструменты регистрации и идентификации в сети интернет произведе...
More from lawexchange.co.uk
Law-Exchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document provides the marking scheme for the January 2011 GCE LAW examination in England and Wales. It includes marking criteria and guidelines for 6 different law options that were assessed. For each question, it identifies the assessment objectives being tested, such as knowledge of the law (AO1) and skills in legal argument and reasoning (AO2). Sample answers are also provided to illustrate how different levels of response would be marked. The marking scheme aims to ensure examiners apply criteria consistently across all student scripts.
Law-Exchange.co.uk Shared Resource
The document discusses the law around involuntary manslaughter in England and assesses if the law is muddled and unjust. It outlines the different types of involuntary manslaughter including gross negligence, unlawful act manslaughter, and subjective reckless manslaughter. It analyzes cases that illustrate inconsistencies and unjust outcomes. While the law commission proposed reforms, the conclusion is that the current law is adequate and changing it further may only add more confusion.
Law-Exchange.co.uk Shared Resource
The document discusses the aims of sentencing in the UK criminal justice system. When judges pass sentences, they must decide on the appropriate sentence and what they hope to achieve with it. The main aims of sentencing are punishment, deterrence, rehabilitation, protection of the public, reparation, and denunciation. The document provides examples of cases involving a teenager stealing during riots, iPhone robbers convicted of murder, and a rugby star sentenced for grievous bodily harm to illustrate how judges determine sentences based on the aims.
Law-Exchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document outlines the qualifications and training required to become a solicitor or barrister in the UK legal system. It discusses the academic and vocational stages of training, including obtaining a law degree, completing the Legal Practice Course for solicitors or Bar Professional Training Course for barristers, and undertaking a training contract or pupillage. The duties of solicitors, who work in private practice, and barristers, who work as advocates in courts, are also summarized. Finally, the document questions whether the legal profession achieves equality, as women and ethnic minorities remain underrepresented.
Law-Exchange.co.uk Shared Resource
The document discusses various influences on law reform in the UK, including the Law Commission, Royal Commissions, public inquiries, the media, pressure groups, manifesto promises, and European Union law. It provides details on the role and purpose of the Law Commission and Royal Commissions in examining existing laws and advocating for legal changes. Examples are given of public inquiries that led to reforms, such as the Taylor Report after Hillsborough and the Cullen Report after Dunblane.
Law-Exchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document provides instructions for a "Legal Aid Bingo" game where players choose 9 of 15 legal terms to write in a bingo card. The game leader will then randomly select definitions for those terms, with the goal of players getting a full bingo line or full house by matching definitions to their chosen terms. Some of the legal terms listed include things like income based job seekers allowance, legal services commission, access to justice act 1999, and courts and legal services act 1990.
Law-Exchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document defines and explains the legal definitions of assault and battery in UK law. Assault is defined as intentionally or recklessly causing another to apprehend immediate unlawful violence. Battery is defined as the unlawful application of force to another. Both assault and battery require intent or recklessness, and do not require hostile conduct as long as the force or threat of force was unlawful.
Law-Exchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document discusses the exceptions to the general principle in criminal law that an omission (failure to act) does not constitute an actus reus. It outlines six exceptions where an omission can be considered a criminal offense: 1) statutory duty, 2) contractual duty, 3) voluntary assumption of responsibility, 4) avert a danger of your own making, 5) public duty, and 6) special relationship. It provides examples of cases that fall under each exception and discusses potential confusions between some of the exceptions, such as contractual versus public duty, and voluntary assumption versus special relationship. It also addresses issues that can arise in medical cases regarding omissions.
Law-Exchange.co.uk Shared Resource
The document discusses the small claims procedure in the UK legal system. It was introduced in 1973 to provide a quick, simple and cheap way to make a claim in court for amounts under £5000. Key aspects of the small claims procedure include individuals bringing their own cases to reduce costs, the use of lay representatives or district judges who are trained to handle such cases, and the lack of awarding legal costs to the winner which discourages lawyers. The document outlines advantages like low costs and speed, as well as disadvantages such as potential unfairness if one party has a lawyer and difficulties collecting awarded money.
Law-Exchange.co.uk Shared Resource
The county courts are located in major towns across England and Wales, with around 230 total. They have jurisdiction over a variety of civil cases involving contracts, torts, recovery of land, partnerships, trusts, inheritance, divorce, bankruptcy, and discrimination. Around 2 million new cases are filed in county courts each year, though most are settled out of court without going to trial. Cases are heard by circuit judges or district judges, and in some limited cases may involve a jury.
Law-Exchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document discusses several rules of language that can help judges interpret the intentions of Parliament when analyzing statutory language, including:
- The ejusdem generis rule, which states that if a list is followed by a general term, the general term refers to items of the same type as in the list.
- The expressio rule, which provides that if a list is "closed" with no general term, the statute only applies to the items in the list.
- The noscitur a sociis rule, which means a word is known by the company it keeps, and so surrounding words can provide context to the meaning of a term.
Law-Exchange.co.uk Shared Resource
The document outlines the different qualifications, training, and roles of solicitors and barristers in the UK legal system. Solicitors usually deal directly with clients, while barristers specialize in advocacy work and represent clients in court. The training process for both careers involves obtaining a law degree or other qualifications, completing vocational courses, and undertaking practical training periods like the training contract or pupillage.
Law-Exchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document contains 12 multiple choice questions about legal cases related to criminal defenses. Each question includes the answer and a citation to a legal authority or case that provides context and justification for the answer. The cases cover topics like intoxication as a defense, involuntary intoxication, automatism, insanity, self defense, and epilepsy as a defense.
Law-Exchange.co.uk Shared Resource
The document provides an overview of the legislative process in the UK Parliament. It explains that a bill first begins as an idea in a green paper before being drafted and introduced in Parliament. It then goes through several stages of debate and amendment in both the House of Commons and House of Lords before receiving royal assent to become law. The advantages of the system include allowing mistakes to be identified and addressed through multiple reviews and edits. However, the process can also become confusing due complex amendments and potential for bias in specialized committees.
Law-Exchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document summarizes the key elements of the offence of criminal damage under the Criminal Damage Act 1971. It discusses:
1) The three main types of criminal damage offenses - section 1(1) criminal damage, section 1(2) criminal damage with intent to endanger life, and section 1(3) arson.
2) The actus reus and mens rea requirements for a section 1(1) criminal damage offense. It also discusses what constitutes damage and property belonging to another.
3) Available defenses to criminal damage including lawful excuse and the defendant's honest belief. It provides case examples analyzing the defenses.
Law-Exchange.co.uk Shared Resource
Jack takes his bike to a garage for repairs and is told to return the next day to collect it. However, Jack returns that night and takes his bike, which would be considered theft as the garage had possession and control of the bike.
The mechanic repairs Jack's bike but cannot understand Jack when he returns to pay due to a language barrier. Jack opens his wallet and the mechanic takes too much money. While the mechanic had a right to be paid for the repairs, taking more money than owed without Jack's consent would constitute appropriation, similar to the Lawrence case.
Law-Exchange.co.uk Shared Resource
Magistrates courts handle less serious criminal cases in England and Wales. Magistrates, who can be qualified lawyers or laypeople, oversee summary cases and some either-way offenses. They deal with bail applications, youth cases, and issues related to council tax, protection orders, and child welfare. Magistrates also determine if a case should be sent to the Crown Court for more serious offenses. Their trials involve presenting evidence, witness testimony, and determining guilt or innocence based on the burden of proof.
Law-Exchange.co.uk Shared Resource
There are around 90 court centers throughout England and Wales organized into three tiers. The first tier incorporates the High Court and Crown Court and can try all indictment cases. The second tier is Crown Court only and can also try all indictment cases. The third tier only has Circuit Judges and Recorders, so it cannot deal with the most serious cases due to the lack of a High Court judge.
Law-Exchange.co.uk Shared Resource
Young offenders between the ages of 10-17 are dealt with in youth court, a branch of Magistrates' court, unless their crime is exceptionally serious like rape, murder or manslaughter, in which case they can be tried in Crown Court. Youth court proceedings are private, involve specially trained magistrates under age 65, and require one male and one female magistrate, with parents present for under 16s. The process is generally less formal than adult criminal court.
More from lawexchange.co.uk (20)
Law-Exchange.co.uk Shared Resource
- 1. AS LAW MAGISTRATES BOX QUIZ Lay Magistrate: What is a magistrate? District Judge(Magistrates’ Court) Criminal Matters: What do magistrates do? - give 3 examples Civil Matters: Formal Requirements: Who can be a magistrate? Who cannot be a magistrate - give 3 examples What are the main qualities and characteristics needed to be a magistrate -give 4 examples Draw a flow diagram Extra Question How are magistrates appointed COPYRIGHTC@Dorothy Whittaker 2008