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Zapreneur proposals for youth unemployment naledi panelZapreneur
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Argues that youth unemployment in South Africa must be recognised as a manifestation of a wider poverty trap in South Africa. Proposes that strategies to expand social security, community works and asset building must be considered.
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Partilho vconvosco a comunicação "Oportunidades para o desenvolvimento e prosperidade europeia" de
Iain Begg, Professor e investigador do "European Institut" da London School of Economics
Within the framework of the new European economic governance, neoliberal views on wages have further increased in prominence and have steered various reforms of collective bargaining rules and practices. As the crisis in Europe came to be largely interpreted as a crisis of competitiveness, wages were seen as the core adjustment variable for ‘internal devaluation’, the claim being that competitiveness could be restored through a reduction of labour costs.
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Download the book: http://www.etui.org/Publications2/Books/Wage-bargaining-under-the-new-European-Economic-Governance
Mapping key dimensions of industrial relationsEurofound
industrial democracy, industrial competitiveness, social justice, decent work, job and employment quality, autonomy, participation, representation, equality, equity, influence, fundamental rights, social cohesion, entrepreneurship, market, capitalism, non-discrimination, HRM, strategic choice, industrial relations in Europe, labour relations, employment relations, social dialogue, trade, unions, crisis, cross-sector, employers, european company, european framework agreements, european works council, industrial action, industrial action, industrial relations, law, minimum wage, sectoral social dialogue, social dialogue, trade unions, wages, working time, bargaining in the shadow of the law, collective agreements, European commission, EU law, EU treaties, decentralization of collective bargaining, single employer bargaining, multi-employer bargaining, extension of collective agreements, favourability principle, opt-out, opening clause, erga omnes, commodity, ILO, dispute settlement, varieties of capitalism, coordinated market economy, liberal market economy, bi-partite, tri-partite, Val Duchesse, macro-economic dialogue, tri-partite social summit, social dialogue committee, working time, labor productivity, labor cost, trade union density, collective bargaining coverage, pay, autonomous agreements, telework, parental leave, BUSINESSEUROPE, ETUC, CEEP, UEAPME, mega trends, information and consultation, open method of coordination, mutual learning,
We’ve put together a set of slides to walk you through the FAFSA. You’ll find out helpful information about completing the application, as well as screenshots of each section.
An introduction to IELTS - International English Language Testing System by UPIC, China. English students wanting a qualification in Engloish can take hte course run by UPIC to enhance their English language skills.
register free at
http://www.languageopenlearning.com
EUROPA 2020 | Comunicação do Professor Iain Beggpedroribeiro1973
No contexto da participação da sociedade civil na preparação do Programa Nacional de Reformas (PNR) da Estratégia Europa 2020, realizou-se no dia 16 de Fevereiro, no Centro Cultural de Belém, em Lisboa, um workshop que contou com a presença de mais de 220 peritos nacionais.
Partilho vconvosco a comunicação "Oportunidades para o desenvolvimento e prosperidade europeia" de
Iain Begg, Professor e investigador do "European Institut" da London School of Economics
Within the framework of the new European economic governance, neoliberal views on wages have further increased in prominence and have steered various reforms of collective bargaining rules and practices. As the crisis in Europe came to be largely interpreted as a crisis of competitiveness, wages were seen as the core adjustment variable for ‘internal devaluation’, the claim being that competitiveness could be restored through a reduction of labour costs.
This book proposes an alternative view according to which wage developments need to be strengthened through a Europe-wide coordinated reconstruction of collective bargaining as a precondition for more sustainable and more inclusive growth in Europe. It contains major research findings from the CAWIE2 – Collectively Agreed Wages in Europe – project, conducted in 2014–2015 for the purpose of discussing and debating the currently dominant policy perspectives on collectively-bargained wage systems under the new European economic governance.
Download the book: http://www.etui.org/Publications2/Books/Wage-bargaining-under-the-new-European-Economic-Governance
Mapping key dimensions of industrial relationsEurofound
industrial democracy, industrial competitiveness, social justice, decent work, job and employment quality, autonomy, participation, representation, equality, equity, influence, fundamental rights, social cohesion, entrepreneurship, market, capitalism, non-discrimination, HRM, strategic choice, industrial relations in Europe, labour relations, employment relations, social dialogue, trade, unions, crisis, cross-sector, employers, european company, european framework agreements, european works council, industrial action, industrial action, industrial relations, law, minimum wage, sectoral social dialogue, social dialogue, trade unions, wages, working time, bargaining in the shadow of the law, collective agreements, European commission, EU law, EU treaties, decentralization of collective bargaining, single employer bargaining, multi-employer bargaining, extension of collective agreements, favourability principle, opt-out, opening clause, erga omnes, commodity, ILO, dispute settlement, varieties of capitalism, coordinated market economy, liberal market economy, bi-partite, tri-partite, Val Duchesse, macro-economic dialogue, tri-partite social summit, social dialogue committee, working time, labor productivity, labor cost, trade union density, collective bargaining coverage, pay, autonomous agreements, telework, parental leave, BUSINESSEUROPE, ETUC, CEEP, UEAPME, mega trends, information and consultation, open method of coordination, mutual learning,
We’ve put together a set of slides to walk you through the FAFSA. You’ll find out helpful information about completing the application, as well as screenshots of each section.
An introduction to IELTS - International English Language Testing System by UPIC, China. English students wanting a qualification in Engloish can take hte course run by UPIC to enhance their English language skills.
register free at
http://www.languageopenlearning.com
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Personality Assessment has long been an area of interest within the applied researcher and practitioner communities due to the utility and benefit that a universal, categorical taxonomy of personality traits holds within the applied domain of Organizational Psychology, specifically Personnel Selection. Personality Assessment has become a very common aspect of personnel selection programs as an organizational tool aimed at identifying those potential candidates who possess personality trait structures based on uniquely specific motivational needs which are predicted to coalesce well with the specific characteristics of the available job position. The present paper provides a brief history of Murray’s (1938) need-press theory and the most commonly utilized taxonomy of personality trait structure: The five-factor model (FFM) of personality, also known as the “Big Five.”
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Long‐term unemployment has reached historic highs in the United States in recent years. Currently, nearly 40 percent of unemployed workers have been out of work for six months or longer, compared to a high of 25 percent in the 1980s recession. Lengthy periods of joblessness profoundly affect the economic and social resilience of workers and their families. Long‐term unemployment erodes assets, diminishes reemployment possibilities and significantly reduces lifetime wages. Additionally, the longterm unemployed face higher rates of family instability, mental and physical health problems.
Plugging the gap between energy poverty management and the lived experience: ...Leonardo ENERGY
As an introduction we will elaborate on the current policy and activities in the Netherlands and the UK, to show differences and promising examples of new ideas on how to tackle energy poverty. Accordingly, we will articulate a new approach to energy poverty policy, based on bringing insights from a multi-disciplinary understanding of the lived experience of energy poverty into policy design. We argue that understanding the lived experience of energy poverty is critical in designing appropriate policies, which are both effective and aligned with people’s day-to-day lives. In addition, the range of disciplines that examine the lived experience of energy poverty (housing, employment, education, social policy, health, energy etc.) help to give breadth to our understanding of this challenging condition. We propose five principles for policy design, informed by a multi-disciplinary understanding of the lived experience. These principles can be applied at a range of scales (local, regional, national and super-national).
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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1. Farewell to Flexicurity? Patterns of convergence and
divergence pre and post the 2008 financial crisis
Thomas Hastings / t.hastings@sheffield.ac.uk
Jason Heyes / j.heyes@sheffield.ac.uk
@WOERRCsheffield
2. Introduction
Question
•How has the economic crisis affected the policy areas associated with
flexicurity?
Context
•The economic crisis presented the flexicurity model with substantial
challenges
•Flexicurity is supposed to deliver ‘employment security’ (as opposed
to job security) by enhancing workers’ ‘employability’ and improve
social cohesion
•The European Commission encouraged EU member states to develop
crisis responses in ways that were consistent with flexicurity
•But the implementation of austerity implies a reduction in support for
key components of the flexicurity approach
3. Flexicurity pillars
• The economic crisis and subsequent developments have had implications for the
four ‘pillars’ of flexicurity:
• Flexible and reliable contracts (widespread weakening of EPL)
• Comprehensive lifelong learning (increase in participation by unemployed
workers, but participation by employed workers peaked in 2005)
• Effective active labour market policies (initial expansion, subsequent cut backs.
More emphasis on welfare-to-work)
• Modern social security systems that provide adequate income support
(implications of austerity for out-of-work benefits etc.)
4. EU economic and social policy
• ECB, DG EcFin and national economy and finance ministers have
pushed for social policy to be used as an economic adjustment
mechanism
• Pressure has been particularly heavy on Spain, Greece, Portugal
• The power of the EC and ECB to influence economic and social policy
appears to have increased
• More stringent rules in respect of fiscal governance (Euro-plus pact,
‘six pack’
• Introduction of the ‘European semester’. EU member states are
expected to respond to country specific recommendations.
• Heightened pressure for supply side reforms.
5. National institutions and crisis responses
• What do these developments mean for national policy?
• ‘Varieties of capitalism’ (Hall and Soskice 2001): predicts CMEs should preserve
institutions (e.g. employment and social protections). Liberalisation should largely be
confined to LMEs (e.g. UK, Ireland). Path dependency.
• Historical institutionalism (e.g. Streeck and Thelen 2005): tends to suggest change
pathways are more open and fluid, particularly in times of difficulty.
• Varieties of Liberalisation (Thelen 2014)
• Convergence? The functions and goals of institutions and policies might have become
more similar even if their form has not (Baccaro and Howell 2014)
6. Research Methods
• Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis
• Indicator composites of the main ‘pillars’ of flexicurity.
• Analytic focus on emerging clusters, patterns of change and continuity.
• Qualitative appraisal of:
• Key legislative change and its intention/impact.
• National political rhetoric (e.g. National Reform Programmes).
• Degrees of supranational agency influence (e.g. EC, troika, OECD).
7. Principal Components Analysis
• 3 components = 74.59%
variance.
• Component 1 = Income and
Employment Security
• Component 2 = Labour market
flexibility
• Component 3 = Lifelong learning
Variable code Description Flexicurity
element
Source
EPRC_V2 EPL weighted sum of sub-indicators concerning
the regulations for individual dismissals (weight of
5/7) and additional provisions for collective
dismissals (2/7)
LM Flexibility OECD
EPT_V1 EPL Version 1 of the indicator for temporary
employment measures the strictness of
regulation on the use of fixed-term and
temporary work agency contracts. It incorporates
6 data items.
LM Flexibility OECD
LIMDUR1 Employees with a contract of limited duration
(annual average): % of total number of
employees.
LM Flexibility Eurostat
Gra2 OECD NRR summary measure of benefit
entitlements (including SA and HB).
Social Security OECD
CHILD1 No formal childcare arrangements. Social Security Eurostat
LMPCAT8 LMP Category 8 – PPS terms for those wanting
work.
Social Security Eurostat
LMPCAT2-7 PPS per person wanting to work: Total LMP
categories (categories 2-7).
ALMP Eurostat
LMPCAT1 Labour market services PPS per person wanting
to work.
ALMP Eurostat
Life 3 Lifelong learning participation rates for employed
persons (25-64).
LLL Eurostat
Life6 Lifelong learning participation rates for those
unemployed (25-64).
LLL Eurostat
10. Explaining policy responses
• Ireland and UK
• Similarities:
• Social security directions.
• UK: WORK programme / welfare to work intensification.
• Ireland : reduction in unemployment benefit rate (2009, 2014)
• JobBridge (2011) / Gateway job activation schemes (2013) – sanction culture.
• Differences:
• Ireland weak EPL, high replacement rates.
• UK erosion of worker rights.
• Budget direction changing?
• Lifelong learning trends: drop in UK rate (32% to 20% 2006/2012).
• UK axing of educational maintenance allowance (helped young from low income families
access education).
• Ireland – LLL up from 10.4-12.1% over same period; expansion of Back To Education
Allowance (BTEA)
11. Iberian cluster
• Spain and Portugal: substantial changes, link to MoUs to troika
• Portugal: Weaker severance pay entitlements, more flexible grounds for
laying off workers/reductions in overtime pay.
• Spain: Similar adjustments to employment law, reductions in length of notice
periods/compensation following unfair dismissal (2011); collective dismissal
rights reduced.
• Austerity led erosion of social security pillars; restricted benefits for older
unemployed (Spain), reduction in max duration of benefits (Portugal, 2012) –
reduction in replacement rate figure (60 to 50% in Portugal 2008-2012).
• ALMPs – emphasis on firm incentives to recruit/youth employment initiatives
(e.g. social security exemptions; vocational training/ internship emphasis).
12. Northern European cluster
• Limited amount of change.
• Reduction of social protections in certain respects;
• Germany parental leave benefits down; transitional supplements for
unemployed workers transferring from short-long term unemployment
benefits removed.
• Maintenance of flexicurity ideal in Denmark/Netherlands, although growing
influence of workfare approach to benefits.
• Relative lifelong learning boost in certain states; Ireland, Denmark, Sweden,
Finland.
13. Southern Europe/Visegrad cluster
• Extensions to maximum length of fixed-term contracts/reduced
dismissal protection on regular contracts (Slovakia, Czech Rep.).
• Strengthening of social protection insurance system (Italy).
• Elsewhere severe reductions in social protections/replacement rates:
Greece (Troika influenced); rise of means testing, limits on duration of
benefits.
• Similar trend in Hungary.
• ALMP spending and participation in LLL remains low.
14. Comparative institutional analysis
• Focus on identifying characteristics in the social policy domain shared
by countries.
• Groupings not static! Change between/within.
• Shared tendencies/overall convergences (i.e. across VoC categories):
• Reductions in social welfare; cuts/restrictions of benefits (e.g. family
allowances, sickness benefits).
• Focus on supply-side reforms to stimulate growth in jobs/economy.
• Assault on employment protections – reductions in severance pay, longer
probation periods, increases in freedom of employers to set dismissal criteria.
• Policies/institutions have not become identical – but functions and goals are
similar (Baccaro and Howell, 2014)
15. Comparative institutional analysis
• Also patterns of divergence and paths followed;
• Italy/Spain both experienced sovereign debt crisis/troika influence – yet
different responses. (e.g. improved protections for non-standard workers /
social benefits in Italy).
• Importance of national policy makers and context of economic
circumstances.
• France/Spain – crisis as opportunity to push new labour market reforms.
• Contrasts with directions in Denmark/UK – pre-crisis orientation of labour
market policy largely remains.
• Overall limited ability of VoC and related approaches to explain policy
changes and responses to the crisis; interplay of economic circumstances,
domestic politics (relations between governments, social partners) and
supra-national forces key.