Landscape Ecology 1 What are the 3 landscape elements and b.pdf
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Landscape Ecology 1. What are the 3 landscape elements and briefly explain, using and example, what each is? 2. What are the different types of 'habitat patches'? Give an example of each. 3. Given 2 examples of linear features. 4. What are the different kinds of 'boundaries'? Give an example of each. 5. What is GIS and for what is it used? 6. Briefly explain 'Metapopulation dynamics' being sure to explain why it is important to understand habitat patchiness, habitat variation and the movement of individuals. What is a 'source' vs a 'sink'? 7. Give 2 examples of how you would monitor the movement of individuals (be sure to describe the techniques that you would use). 8. What is habitat suitability mapping? Briefly explain what you need to know to map suitable habitats. 9. In the Saw-whet Owl example, what were the effect of 'high' levels of habitat loss? What was the effect of 'low' levels of habitat loss? What then was the bes habitat structure with respect to their reproductive success? 10. In which ways may climate change affect the range/distribution of species? Give an example. 11. What are the 3 levels of landscape ecology management? Give an example of management at each level.
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Student InstructionsIn this lab, you will determine how an inv.docx
Student Instructions
In this lab, you will determine how an invasive species—the zebra and quagga mussel—affects other species in the freshwater lake. Use the animation to help you come up with an answer to the following:
Why do you see increases and decreases in the invasive species population?
What are the implications associated with these alterations to the ecosystem as a whole?
The Effects of Zebra and Quagga Mussels Introduced into a Freshwater Lake
As you have learned, population dynamics are caused by the biotic potential of the population and the effects of environmental resistance. When there is minimal environmental resistance impacting a population, it will exhibit a population explosion. One reason for minimal resistance could be factors that no longer regulate a population (e.g., predator decline or resource increases). Another reason for a population explosion is the introduction of an invasive species.
Invasive species
are species foreign to an ecosystem and are not immediately regulated by the environmental restraints of the particular ecosystem that they invade. This in turn allows their populations to grow seemingly uncontrolled and to displace other indigenous populations. Examples of such an invasive species into North America are dreissenid mussels, commonly known as zebra and quagga mussels. Their introduction into the Great Lakes has caused economic hardship and a reorganization of the ecosystem. This has led, in part, to pollution-causing effects that can be linked to an alga known as
Cladophora
.
Ecosystems are webs of intricately balanced interactions, what happens when a new species is introduced that uses a disproportionate share of the ecosystem’s resources?
Using the M.U.S.E. link, review the background information and animation to complete your report.
Use the
Lab 5 worksheet
for assignment instructions and data collection.
Hi Everyone,
For your lab report this week, you will investigate the impact and spread of invasive species.
One of these described in your MUSE lab activity is the Zebra Mussel.
Just as you have done for the previous assignments, you will first review the background information, then collect the data. Your study will involve measurements showing how the mussels have spread and how they have impacted native species in an aquatic environment.
You will find that the number of mussels increases for 13 years and then begins to decrease. You are asked to explain this in your report.
Why do you see increases and decreases in the invasive species population?
What are the implications associated with these alterations to the ecosystem as a whole?
Use the notes in the animation to review the food chain in this ecosystem.
It will be very important to be able to describe which species are native and which are invasive. And to describe how even a native species, such as cladophora (algae) can result in ecological damage.
Next, review Chapter 4 of your eBook and refresh your memory on h.
I need these questions answered in 3-5 sentences each.7.Compa.docx
I need these questions answered in 3-5 sentences each.
7. Compare and contrast species richness and species evenness. Use an example to explain.
8. How are species phylogenies determined?
9. List the classification system from the most broad to the most specific.
10. Speciation is an example of microevolution or macroevolution? Explain.
11. Explain 2 ways mutations may occur. Are they good or bad? Explain.
12. Explain how recombination occurs.
13. Give 2 examples of how humans are purposefully or inadvertently directing evolution of organisms.
14. List the 5 key ideas of Darwin’s Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection.
15. Describe the 3 random evolutionary processes.
16. Give an example of how genetic drift may have a greater effect in small populations.
17. What are some ways the bottleneck effect may occur and why might this lead to an extinction of a population? Give an example of the founder effect.
18. Explain how Darwin’s finches are an example of allopatric speciation.
19. Give an example of sympatric speciation.
20. How long does evolution take?
21. Explain how the rate of environmental change, genetic variation, generation time and genetic engineering effect evolution.
22. Explain the difference between fundamental niche and realized niche. Give an example.
23. Would you rather be a niche generalist or niche specialist? Explain.
24. Can we predict future species distribution? Justify your answer.
25. What obstacles may prevent a species from being widely distributed?
26. Explain 3 reasons why species may go extinct when their habitat changes.
27. How can fossil records be useful for environmentalists?
28. What is the consensus on how the dinosaurs became extinct?
29. What is causing the 6th mass extinction?
.
Chapters 8 11 ecology
The document summarizes key concepts from chapters 8-11 of an ecology textbook. It discusses 3 distribution patterns of individuals within populations and factors that give rise to each. It also covers population estimation techniques, approaches to establishing age structure, different migration and reproductive strategies in animals and plants, population growth models, life history strategies, intraspecific regulation and factors influencing carrying capacity. Specific topics include mark-recapture methods, survivorship curves, life tables, r/K selection, Grime's model of plant strategies, density-dependent and independent regulation, and scramble vs contest competition.
Midterm study guide
This document contains a study guide for Test 2 covering topics such as fossils, selective breeding, the scientific method, microscopy, cells, living organism characteristics, evolution, classification, and the environment. It includes questions about the key terms, concepts, and processes within each topic area as well as diagrams to label and calculations to perform. The goal is to assess the student's understanding of these fundamental biology concepts through completion of the study guide.
Cape biology uni 2 -_ecosystems_population_ecology_and_practical_methods_of_e...
This document discusses methods for estimating population sizes and distributions in ecology. It explains that directly counting all individuals in a population is often impossible, so sampling techniques are used instead to estimate population parameters. Common sampling methods described include quadrat sampling, transect sampling, and mark-release-recapture. Factors that influence the accuracy of population estimates, such as sample size and randomization, are also discussed.
Avalanche Assessment
This document provides guidance for a multi-lesson unit on avalanches. Lesson 1 involves watching videos on avalanches and creating a mind map on the definition, types, causes, effects, and safety measures. Lesson 2 focuses on writing a definition and describing the two types of avalanches. Lesson 3 covers the effects of avalanches and analyzing a case study through maps, images and details. Lesson 4 explains methods to reduce avalanche impact such as snow fences, planting trees, building designs, transmitters, education, and early warning systems. The document provides assessment criteria on communication, analysis, map/diagram use, and geographical understanding.
Organisms in Your Biome—Grading RubricNOTE If a component.docx
Organisms in Your Biome—Grading Rubric
NOTE: If a component is absent, student receives a zero for that component.
Unsatisfactory
Emerging
Proficient
Exemplary
Assignment Components
Describe the environment where you live in terms of its biome.
(Course Objective [CO] 1)
Description of the environment where you live in terms of its biome is unclear and inaccurate.
Description of the environment where you live in terms of its biome is vague and does not include sufficient detail.
Description of the environment where you live in terms of its biome is clear and accurate.
Description of the environment where you live in terms of its biome is clear and accurate. In addition, several detailed, insightful examples are given with regard to human influence.
Identify five plants and five animals within your biome, and describe how they interact with one another.
(CO 1)
Identification of five plants and five animal biomes and description of how they interact with one another are incomplete, inaccurate, and/or not based on sound research.
Identification of five plants and five animal biomes and description of how they interact with one another are complete, but lacking sufficient detail and not based on sound research.
Identification of five plants and five animal biomes and description of how they interact with one another are clear, accurate, and based on sound research.
Identification of five plants and five animal biomes and description of how they interact with one another are clear, accurate, and based on sound research. In addition, several detailed, insightful examples are given with regard to the interactions.
Consider the ten organisms you picked and describe what each one needs to survive (including interactions between the organisms).
(CO 3)
Description of each organism and its environment needed to survive (including interactions between the organisms) is incomplete, inaccurate, and/or not based on sound research.
Description of each organism and its environment needed to survive (including interactions between the organisms) is complete, but somewhat unclear, and lacking sufficient detail.
Description of each organism and its environment needed to survive (including interactions between the organisms) is clear, accurate, and based on sound research.
Description of each organism and its environment needed to survive (including interactions between the organisms) is clear, accurate, and based on sound research. In addition, several detailed, insightful examples are given.
Identify five plants and five animals that you feel would inhabit your area if the climate were to increase by an average of ten degrees Celsius, and describe the hypothetical new ecosystem along with the new interactions that would likely exist.
(CO 5)
Identification of five plants and five animals that would inhabit one’s area if the climate were to increase by ten degrees and a description of the hypothetical new ecosystem along with the new in.
Some background Human civilization is a recent turn of events in the n.docx
Some background Human civilization is a recent turn of events in the nearly four-billion-year history of life. As such, cities entail novel pressures that can shape organismal evolution. Urbanization touches on just about every evolutionary force you can imagine: - Drift and gene flow: urbanization fragments habitats and gives rise to smaller somewhat isolated subpopulations - Selection: urbanization creates novel selection pressures (e.g., different soundscapes for birdsongs, different heat sensitivities owing to the urban heat island effect for fungal growth, different densities of hosts for parasites, to name just a few) - Mutation: urbanization exposes organisms to higher concentrations of human-made mutagen in their environment On this example we'll examine how urbanization might be shaping both micro- and macroevolutionary phenomena in a variety of systems. 1. In New York City, there isn't extensive gene flow between the uptown and downtown subpopulations of rats. Let's suppose we sampled 50 uptown rats and 50 downtown rats and genotyped them at 60,000 SNPs across the entire genome. In these 100 rats would we expect to see Hardy-Weinberg proportions at most of the 60,000 loci, only at some of them, or virtually none of them? Justify your prediction. 2. In contrast to the rat story, in a study of bumblebees, scientists detected extensive gene flow between rural and urban bees. However, despite this gene flow, rural and urban bees are locally adapted to their environments. Specifically, in cities, bees have shorter tongues, which permits them to feed on a wider variety of flowers, which are much less abundant in cities than in rural settings. If we were hoping to locate the gene or genes responsible for this tongue adaptation, would we find all of the gene flow helpful or harmful in our efforts? Explain your choice by detailing how gene flow might help or hinder our methods for detecting selection. 3. Crepis sancta is a weed that can be found in urban and rural settings. Each plant is capable of producing two types of seed: dispersing and non-dispersing. In urban habitats plants produce relatively more of the non-dispersing type. It would be easy to declare, from my armchair, that this difference is a local adaptation for city living - namely, because there is so much pavement in cities, dispersing seeds might land where there is no soil, and that would waste resources, lowering fitness. But we should strive to be better than mere armchair story-tellers. What additional work should I do to make a strong case that this difference is indeed an adaptation produced by natural selection? Briefly describe two steps I can take to provide some of the necessary evidence for adaptation. 4. Adaptation sometimes occurs in the following fashion: an environment changes, then a new mutation that produces some fitness-promoting effect arises, and then it sweeps to fixation. But most often adaptation starts from "standing genetic variation"-that is, from .
Recommended
Student InstructionsIn this lab, you will determine how an inv.docx
Student Instructions
In this lab, you will determine how an invasive species—the zebra and quagga mussel—affects other species in the freshwater lake. Use the animation to help you come up with an answer to the following:
Why do you see increases and decreases in the invasive species population?
What are the implications associated with these alterations to the ecosystem as a whole?
The Effects of Zebra and Quagga Mussels Introduced into a Freshwater Lake
As you have learned, population dynamics are caused by the biotic potential of the population and the effects of environmental resistance. When there is minimal environmental resistance impacting a population, it will exhibit a population explosion. One reason for minimal resistance could be factors that no longer regulate a population (e.g., predator decline or resource increases). Another reason for a population explosion is the introduction of an invasive species.
Invasive species
are species foreign to an ecosystem and are not immediately regulated by the environmental restraints of the particular ecosystem that they invade. This in turn allows their populations to grow seemingly uncontrolled and to displace other indigenous populations. Examples of such an invasive species into North America are dreissenid mussels, commonly known as zebra and quagga mussels. Their introduction into the Great Lakes has caused economic hardship and a reorganization of the ecosystem. This has led, in part, to pollution-causing effects that can be linked to an alga known as
Cladophora
.
Ecosystems are webs of intricately balanced interactions, what happens when a new species is introduced that uses a disproportionate share of the ecosystem’s resources?
Using the M.U.S.E. link, review the background information and animation to complete your report.
Use the
Lab 5 worksheet
for assignment instructions and data collection.
Hi Everyone,
For your lab report this week, you will investigate the impact and spread of invasive species.
One of these described in your MUSE lab activity is the Zebra Mussel.
Just as you have done for the previous assignments, you will first review the background information, then collect the data. Your study will involve measurements showing how the mussels have spread and how they have impacted native species in an aquatic environment.
You will find that the number of mussels increases for 13 years and then begins to decrease. You are asked to explain this in your report.
Why do you see increases and decreases in the invasive species population?
What are the implications associated with these alterations to the ecosystem as a whole?
Use the notes in the animation to review the food chain in this ecosystem.
It will be very important to be able to describe which species are native and which are invasive. And to describe how even a native species, such as cladophora (algae) can result in ecological damage.
Next, review Chapter 4 of your eBook and refresh your memory on h.
I need these questions answered in 3-5 sentences each.7.Compa.docx
I need these questions answered in 3-5 sentences each.
7. Compare and contrast species richness and species evenness. Use an example to explain.
8. How are species phylogenies determined?
9. List the classification system from the most broad to the most specific.
10. Speciation is an example of microevolution or macroevolution? Explain.
11. Explain 2 ways mutations may occur. Are they good or bad? Explain.
12. Explain how recombination occurs.
13. Give 2 examples of how humans are purposefully or inadvertently directing evolution of organisms.
14. List the 5 key ideas of Darwin’s Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection.
15. Describe the 3 random evolutionary processes.
16. Give an example of how genetic drift may have a greater effect in small populations.
17. What are some ways the bottleneck effect may occur and why might this lead to an extinction of a population? Give an example of the founder effect.
18. Explain how Darwin’s finches are an example of allopatric speciation.
19. Give an example of sympatric speciation.
20. How long does evolution take?
21. Explain how the rate of environmental change, genetic variation, generation time and genetic engineering effect evolution.
22. Explain the difference between fundamental niche and realized niche. Give an example.
23. Would you rather be a niche generalist or niche specialist? Explain.
24. Can we predict future species distribution? Justify your answer.
25. What obstacles may prevent a species from being widely distributed?
26. Explain 3 reasons why species may go extinct when their habitat changes.
27. How can fossil records be useful for environmentalists?
28. What is the consensus on how the dinosaurs became extinct?
29. What is causing the 6th mass extinction?
.
Chapters 8 11 ecology
The document summarizes key concepts from chapters 8-11 of an ecology textbook. It discusses 3 distribution patterns of individuals within populations and factors that give rise to each. It also covers population estimation techniques, approaches to establishing age structure, different migration and reproductive strategies in animals and plants, population growth models, life history strategies, intraspecific regulation and factors influencing carrying capacity. Specific topics include mark-recapture methods, survivorship curves, life tables, r/K selection, Grime's model of plant strategies, density-dependent and independent regulation, and scramble vs contest competition.
Midterm study guide
This document contains a study guide for Test 2 covering topics such as fossils, selective breeding, the scientific method, microscopy, cells, living organism characteristics, evolution, classification, and the environment. It includes questions about the key terms, concepts, and processes within each topic area as well as diagrams to label and calculations to perform. The goal is to assess the student's understanding of these fundamental biology concepts through completion of the study guide.
Cape biology uni 2 -_ecosystems_population_ecology_and_practical_methods_of_e...
This document discusses methods for estimating population sizes and distributions in ecology. It explains that directly counting all individuals in a population is often impossible, so sampling techniques are used instead to estimate population parameters. Common sampling methods described include quadrat sampling, transect sampling, and mark-release-recapture. Factors that influence the accuracy of population estimates, such as sample size and randomization, are also discussed.
Avalanche Assessment
This document provides guidance for a multi-lesson unit on avalanches. Lesson 1 involves watching videos on avalanches and creating a mind map on the definition, types, causes, effects, and safety measures. Lesson 2 focuses on writing a definition and describing the two types of avalanches. Lesson 3 covers the effects of avalanches and analyzing a case study through maps, images and details. Lesson 4 explains methods to reduce avalanche impact such as snow fences, planting trees, building designs, transmitters, education, and early warning systems. The document provides assessment criteria on communication, analysis, map/diagram use, and geographical understanding.
Organisms in Your Biome—Grading RubricNOTE If a component.docx
Organisms in Your Biome—Grading Rubric
NOTE: If a component is absent, student receives a zero for that component.
Unsatisfactory
Emerging
Proficient
Exemplary
Assignment Components
Describe the environment where you live in terms of its biome.
(Course Objective [CO] 1)
Description of the environment where you live in terms of its biome is unclear and inaccurate.
Description of the environment where you live in terms of its biome is vague and does not include sufficient detail.
Description of the environment where you live in terms of its biome is clear and accurate.
Description of the environment where you live in terms of its biome is clear and accurate. In addition, several detailed, insightful examples are given with regard to human influence.
Identify five plants and five animals within your biome, and describe how they interact with one another.
(CO 1)
Identification of five plants and five animal biomes and description of how they interact with one another are incomplete, inaccurate, and/or not based on sound research.
Identification of five plants and five animal biomes and description of how they interact with one another are complete, but lacking sufficient detail and not based on sound research.
Identification of five plants and five animal biomes and description of how they interact with one another are clear, accurate, and based on sound research.
Identification of five plants and five animal biomes and description of how they interact with one another are clear, accurate, and based on sound research. In addition, several detailed, insightful examples are given with regard to the interactions.
Consider the ten organisms you picked and describe what each one needs to survive (including interactions between the organisms).
(CO 3)
Description of each organism and its environment needed to survive (including interactions between the organisms) is incomplete, inaccurate, and/or not based on sound research.
Description of each organism and its environment needed to survive (including interactions between the organisms) is complete, but somewhat unclear, and lacking sufficient detail.
Description of each organism and its environment needed to survive (including interactions between the organisms) is clear, accurate, and based on sound research.
Description of each organism and its environment needed to survive (including interactions between the organisms) is clear, accurate, and based on sound research. In addition, several detailed, insightful examples are given.
Identify five plants and five animals that you feel would inhabit your area if the climate were to increase by an average of ten degrees Celsius, and describe the hypothetical new ecosystem along with the new interactions that would likely exist.
(CO 5)
Identification of five plants and five animals that would inhabit one’s area if the climate were to increase by ten degrees and a description of the hypothetical new ecosystem along with the new in.
Some background Human civilization is a recent turn of events in the n.docx
Some background Human civilization is a recent turn of events in the nearly four-billion-year history of life. As such, cities entail novel pressures that can shape organismal evolution. Urbanization touches on just about every evolutionary force you can imagine: - Drift and gene flow: urbanization fragments habitats and gives rise to smaller somewhat isolated subpopulations - Selection: urbanization creates novel selection pressures (e.g., different soundscapes for birdsongs, different heat sensitivities owing to the urban heat island effect for fungal growth, different densities of hosts for parasites, to name just a few) - Mutation: urbanization exposes organisms to higher concentrations of human-made mutagen in their environment On this example we'll examine how urbanization might be shaping both micro- and macroevolutionary phenomena in a variety of systems. 1. In New York City, there isn't extensive gene flow between the uptown and downtown subpopulations of rats. Let's suppose we sampled 50 uptown rats and 50 downtown rats and genotyped them at 60,000 SNPs across the entire genome. In these 100 rats would we expect to see Hardy-Weinberg proportions at most of the 60,000 loci, only at some of them, or virtually none of them? Justify your prediction. 2. In contrast to the rat story, in a study of bumblebees, scientists detected extensive gene flow between rural and urban bees. However, despite this gene flow, rural and urban bees are locally adapted to their environments. Specifically, in cities, bees have shorter tongues, which permits them to feed on a wider variety of flowers, which are much less abundant in cities than in rural settings. If we were hoping to locate the gene or genes responsible for this tongue adaptation, would we find all of the gene flow helpful or harmful in our efforts? Explain your choice by detailing how gene flow might help or hinder our methods for detecting selection. 3. Crepis sancta is a weed that can be found in urban and rural settings. Each plant is capable of producing two types of seed: dispersing and non-dispersing. In urban habitats plants produce relatively more of the non-dispersing type. It would be easy to declare, from my armchair, that this difference is a local adaptation for city living - namely, because there is so much pavement in cities, dispersing seeds might land where there is no soil, and that would waste resources, lowering fitness. But we should strive to be better than mere armchair story-tellers. What additional work should I do to make a strong case that this difference is indeed an adaptation produced by natural selection? Briefly describe two steps I can take to provide some of the necessary evidence for adaptation. 4. Adaptation sometimes occurs in the following fashion: an environment changes, then a new mutation that produces some fitness-promoting effect arises, and then it sweeps to fixation. But most often adaptation starts from "standing genetic variation"-that is, from .
General Ecology Introduction
Introduction to the general principles of
ecology
GENERAL OBJECTIVE :
To study major concepts in ecology and
the influence of man on the ecosystem
Population growth and Natural resources
This document provides an overview of the syllabus for the Population and Energy Resources module. It outlines the major topics to be covered, including human population, renewable and non-renewable resources, water resources, forest resources, and energy resources. It also provides sample exam questions from previous years on these topics, such as questions about population growth and control, overpopulation, resource exploitation and conservation, and various energy sources and sustainability issues. The syllabus aims to equip students with an understanding of these important environmental subjects.
Biol 1302 Sp 2015Reading GuideModule 5 Rap 2Read the overv.docx
Biol 1302 Sp 2015
Reading Guide
Module 5 Rap 2
Read the overview on the concept of speciation and the difference between microevolution and macroevolution
Concept 22.1 (Pg 418-422)
Defining species
1. What is the definition of species?
2. What is the biological species concept?
3. Understand the term reproductive isolation, and how this happens due to pre zygotic and post zygotic barriers. Study Fig 22. 3 and learn about the different mechanism which do not allow members of different species to interbreed. Study the examples under each category to gain a better understanding.
4. What are the limitations of the biological species concept? For eg, we cannot learn anything about species when studying fossils or asexually reproducing organisms.
5. What are some other definitions of species? Read about the morphological, ecological and phylogenetic species concept and how are they different from the biological species concept?
Concept 22.2 Pg 423-427
Allopatric and sympatric speciation
1. How are species formed? Is geographic separation necessary for the same?
2. Read about allopatric and sympatric speciation and how speciation occurs in both instances. What is the evidence for allopatric speciation? Read about the example of the species of snapping shrimp.
3. How does sympatric speciation occur? Learn how polyploidy, habitat differentiation and sexual selection play a role.
4. Of the two speciation events, which is more common and why?
Concept 22. 3 pg 428-430
Hybrids and Hybrid zones
1. What are hybrids? Read about the hybrid zone which is a region when members of different species and produce offspring. Study Fig 22.12 to learn about the hybrid zone and how the hybrids behave
2. Can the hybrids reproduce successfully? What are some example?
Concept 22.4 Pg 430-433
Speciation timeline
1. How long does it take for new species to form?
2. Understand how fossil remains give us a clue about how speciation occurs. What is the difference between punctuated model and the gradual model? Fig 22. 14 shows both models.
3. Reproductive isolation can also be influenced by genes or a single gene. Learn how a single gene influences the way in which the shells of Japanese snail spiral in different directions preventing mating
Concept 18.6 Pg 357-361
Genes, genomes and evolution
1. What can we learn from comparing genomes of widely divergent species?
2. What can we learn from comparing genomes of closely related species?
3. From the comparisons above, which genomes do you expect to be more similar?
4. What is the comparison of developmental processes of different multicellular organisms called?
5. What are homeotic genes?
6. Look at Fig. 18.17, what can we conclude about homeotic genes based on the fact that they are present in almost identical sequence in species ranging from fruit flies to mammals?
VOCABULARY: Homeotic genes, homeobox, species, speciation, reproductive isolation, pre and post zygotic barriers, hybrids, temporal, allopatric, sympa ...
ECOL203403 – Ecology Populations to Ecosystems Assignment .docx
Lori Bentley
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ECOL203403 – Ecology Populations to Ecosystems Assignment .docx
Lori B. Ihrig
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Fundamentals of Management, Eighth Edition
Ricky W. Griffin
Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
A comprehensive comparison of the original forms of biogeography based optimi...
Biogeography-based optimization (BBO) is a new population-based evolutionary algorithm and one of meta-heuristic algorithms. This technique is based on an old mathematical study that explains the geographical distribution of biological organisms. The first original form of BBO was introduced in 2008 and known as a partial migration based BBO. After three months, BBO was re-introduced again with additional three other forms and known as single, simplified partial, and simplified single migration based BBOs. Then a lot of modifications and hybridizations were employed to boost-up the performance of BBO and solve its weak exploration. However, the literature lacks the explanations and the reasons on which the modifications of the BBO forms are based on. This paper tries to clarify this issue by making a comparison between the four original BBO algorithms through 23 benchmark functions with different dimensions and complexities. The final judgment is confirmed by evaluating the performance based on the effect of the problem’s dimensions, the side constraints and the population size. The results show that both single and simplified single migration based BBOs are faster, but have less performance as compared to the others. The comparison between the partial and the simplified partial migration based BBOs shows that the preference depends on the population size, problem’s complexity and dimensions, and the values of the upper and lower side constraints. The partial migration model wins when these factors, except the population size, are increased, and vice versa for the simplified partial migration model. The results can be used as a foundation and a first step of modification for enhancing any proposed modification on BBO including the existing modifications that are described in literature.
1. All map projections, which represent the three-dimensional surfac.docx
1. All map projections, which represent the three-dimensional surface of the Earth on a two-dimensional surface distort one or more of the four properties - area, shape, distance, direction. How then are we to judge whether any map is a "good map"?
2. Some say to be lost is not to know where you are. Others say when you are lost, you know where you are but do not know where other places are. What does the idea of being lost tell us about the nature of geographic location. How does relative location and absolute location play into this?
3. Describe how technologies such as geographic information systems, remote sensing, and maps are used to analyze local, regional and global issues.
4. Many people use the terms weather and climate interchangeably. What is weather? (Give an example.) What is climate? (Give an example.) Compare/contrast the two. When traveling to an area of the world when would you be concerned about weather? When would you be concerned about climate?
5. There are three main causes of precipitation: 1) convection, 2) orographic uplift, and 3) frontal uplift. Explain each (in your own words) and give unique examples of where each cause can be encountered around the world.
6. Your text on pages 66-67 show climate patterns. Please tell me what is the base criteria Koppen used to identify the climate zones. Then use your atlas to identify one city, country (ex: Mexico City, Mexico) in each of the zones on Earth. Please remember there are many countries on the Earth, try to find different examples from different countries. (Don't use just the same ones over and over.)
Af
Am
Aw
BWh
BWk
BSh
BSk
Cfa
Cw
Cfb
Cfc
Cs
Dfa
Dwa
Dfb
Dwb
Dfc
Dwc
Dfd
Dwd
ET
EF
Highland (Name a Mountain range for this example and state the different countries it sits across.)
.
Important questions of Zoology, wildlife, zoogeography , Biochem, cell biolog...
Important questions of Zoology, wildlife, zoogeography , Biochem, cell biolog...Coastal & Fisheries Department
Important questions of Zoology, wildlife, zoogeography, Biochem, cell biology, embryology from exam point of view.Globalization Essay Good Or Bad
The document discusses the problem of child soldiers in Africa, noting that approximately 40% of the world's estimated 300,000 child soldiers are located on the continent. In particular, rebel groups like the Lord's Resistance Army in Uganda have abducted over 25,000 children since the 1980s to fight in conflicts. Most child soldiers in Africa do not fight for their country's freedom, but are instead recruited by rebels hoping to seize control within their nations.
"Spotting patterns of carnivore distribution"
Using camera trapping to estimate occupancy of leopards (Panthera pardus) and spotted hyaenas (Crocuta crocuta) in Nyika National Park, Malawi.
Metapopulation Assumptions
This document outlines the basic assumptions of metapopulation models and compares different types of metapopulation models. It discusses how metapopulation models assume space is discrete with habitat patches that are large enough for local populations to persist for generations. Basic models also assume equal patch size and isolation with migration not affecting dynamics. More complex spatially explicit and realistic models incorporate factors like patch quality and distance between patches.
Directions Please answer each of the following questions. Please.docx
This document provides a set of questions about various biology topics including chemosynthesis, cellular respiration pathways, fermentation, photosynthesis, and the Krebs cycle. It asks the reader to define key terms, list components of metabolic pathways, explain concepts such as how plants obtain energy from sunlight, and compare cellular respiration between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The document also provides essay prompts asking the reader to explain the Krebs cycle and its importance for the human body and exercise.
Assignement-1. Introduction to Environmental Studies and Ecosystems.pdf
This document contains an assignment for an Environmental Studies course, asking students to define key terms related to the environment and ecosystems, explain different types of ecosystems like forests and rivers, and describe concepts such as food chains, energy flow, and sustainability. Students are to write short responses for 11 questions focusing on multidisciplinary nature of environment, classification of environmental elements, sustainability, ecosystem definition and function, pond ecosystems, forest ecosystems, scope of environmental studies, river ecosystems, food chains and webs, and grassland ecosystems.
Unit Summaries 2
This unit summary outlines the objectives and activities for a unit on population geography. It includes mapping major population concentrations and describing their demographic characteristics. It also covers calculating population densities, explaining population pyramids, and the demographic transition model. Additionally, it discusses policies that affect population growth and key demographic terms. Natural hazards that impact populations are also addressed. The unit also focuses on types of human movement including migration factors. Historic and contemporary migration patterns are mapped, and migration trends in the United States are examined.
Performance comparison between the
Biogeography-based optimization (BBO) is a new popu
lation-based evolutionary algorithm and
one of meta-heuristic algorithms. This technique is
based on an old mathematical study that
explains the geographical distribution of biologica
l organisms. The first original form of BBO
was introduced in 2008 and known as a partial migra
tion based BBO. Few months later, BBO
was re-introduced again with additional three other
forms and known as single, simplified
partial, and simplified single migration based BBOs
. Then a lot of modifications were employed
to enhance the performance of BBO. However, the lit
erature lacks the explanations and the
reasons on which the modifications are based on. Th
is paper tries to clarify this issue by making
a comparison between the four original BBO algorith
ms through a variety of benchmark
functions with different dimensions and complexitie
s. The results show that both single and
simplified single migration based BBOs are faster,
but have less performance as compared to
the others. The comparison between the partial and
the simplified partial migration based BBOs
shows that the preference depends on the population
size, problem’s complexity and dimensions
and the values of the upper and lower side constrai
nts. The partial migration model wins when
these factors, except population size, are increase
d, and vice versa for the simplified partial
migration model. The results can be used as a found
ation and a first step of modification for
enhancing any proposed modification on BBO includin
g the existing modifications that are
described in literature.
PERFORMANCE COMPARISON BETWEEN THE ORIGINAL FORMS OF BIOGEOGRAPHY-BASED OPTIM...
Biogeography-based optimization (BBO) is a new population-based evolutionary algorithm and
one of meta-heuristic algorithms. This technique is based on an old mathematical study that
explains the geographical distribution of biological organisms. The first original form of BBO
was introduced in 2008 and known as a partial migration based BBO. Few months later, BBO
was re-introduced again with additional three other forms and known as single, simplified
partial, and simplified single migration based BBOs. Then a lot of modifications were employed
to enhance the performance of BBO. However, the literature lacks the explanations and the
reasons on which the modifications are based on. This paper tries to clarify this issue by making
a comparison between the four original BBO algorithms through a variety of benchmark
functions with different dimensions and complexities. The results show that both single and
simplified single migration based BBOs are faster, but have less performance as compared to
the others. The comparison between the partial and the simplified partial migration based BBOs
shows that the preference depends on the population size, problem’s complexity and dimensions
and the values of the upper and lower side constraints. The partial migration model wins when
these factors, except population size, are increased, and vice versa for the simplified partial
migration model. The results can be used as a foundation and a first step of modification for
enhancing any proposed modification on BBO including the existing modifications that are
described in literature.
Chapt03 Lecture
- The document outlines key concepts from a chapter about how species diversity arises and interacts within biological communities. It discusses evolution and adaptation, ecological niches, competition between species, predator-prey relationships, symbiosis, limits on population growth, community structure and diversity, and succession over time.
- Species evolve via natural selection and adaptation to their environments. They occupy different ecological niches as generalists or specialists. Competition and limits on resources can lead to competitive exclusion or niche partitioning between species.
- Species interactions like competition, predation, and symbiosis shape the relationships within communities. Predator-prey coevolution and defenses like mimicry also influence community structure. Keystone species play important roles in maintaining communities
2017 - Environmental Ordination of Filamentous Bacteria in Activated Sludge
Reference:
Zornoza, A., Serrano, S. and Alonso, J.L. (2017) Environmental Ordination of Filamentous Bacteria in Activated Sludge. In: Abstracts of the 7th congress of European microbiologists FEMS 2017, Valencia, Spain, 9-13 July 2017.
World geography exam 1 study guide
This document provides a study guide for Exam 1 on World Geography. It lists the chapters that will be covered on the exam - Chapters 1, 2, and 3 from the textbook. It also mentions that the exam will include map skills questions and material discussed in class. The guide then provides a list of vocabulary terms and questions for each chapter to review in preparation for the exam on January 28, 2015.
Writing up a scientific paper
1) Volunteers used different types of plastic cutlery ("appendages") to collect food in grass and tarmac habitats over generations to study microevolution in small populations.
2) In the grass habitat, the spoon appendage became fixed within 3 generations on average, suggesting it was best adapted, while in tarmac no adaptation was seen.
3) The study demonstrates how strong selection can drive rapid evolution in small populations over just a few generations, though human subjects and small sample sizes limit conclusions that can be drawn.
LanguageType Java inheritance polymorphism Assume that the.pdf
Language/Type: Java inheritance polymorphism Assume that the following classes have been
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loops over the elements of an array of objects, write the output produced as the loop passes over
each element of the array separately.) Arya[] thrones ={ new Oberyn(), new Arya(), new Brienne(),
new Tyrion() }; for (int i=0;i< thrones.length; i++){ thrones[i].a(): System, out.printin(); System.
out.print ln( thrones [i]); thrones [i],b(); System, out.println(); System, out.println():element 0
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LanguageTypeAuthorJavabinarytreestreetraversals.pdf
Language/Type:Author:JavabinarytreestreetraversalsRobertBaxter(on2019/09/19) Write the
elements of the tree below in the order they would be seen by a pre-order, in-order, and post-order
traversal. pre-order in-order post-order () You passed 0 of 3 tests. Try again..
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General Ecology Introduction
Introduction to the general principles of
ecology
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To study major concepts in ecology and
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Population growth and Natural resources
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Biol 1302 Sp 2015Reading GuideModule 5 Rap 2Read the overv.docx
Biol 1302 Sp 2015
Reading Guide
Module 5 Rap 2
Read the overview on the concept of speciation and the difference between microevolution and macroevolution
Concept 22.1 (Pg 418-422)
Defining species
1. What is the definition of species?
2. What is the biological species concept?
3. Understand the term reproductive isolation, and how this happens due to pre zygotic and post zygotic barriers. Study Fig 22. 3 and learn about the different mechanism which do not allow members of different species to interbreed. Study the examples under each category to gain a better understanding.
4. What are the limitations of the biological species concept? For eg, we cannot learn anything about species when studying fossils or asexually reproducing organisms.
5. What are some other definitions of species? Read about the morphological, ecological and phylogenetic species concept and how are they different from the biological species concept?
Concept 22.2 Pg 423-427
Allopatric and sympatric speciation
1. How are species formed? Is geographic separation necessary for the same?
2. Read about allopatric and sympatric speciation and how speciation occurs in both instances. What is the evidence for allopatric speciation? Read about the example of the species of snapping shrimp.
3. How does sympatric speciation occur? Learn how polyploidy, habitat differentiation and sexual selection play a role.
4. Of the two speciation events, which is more common and why?
Concept 22. 3 pg 428-430
Hybrids and Hybrid zones
1. What are hybrids? Read about the hybrid zone which is a region when members of different species and produce offspring. Study Fig 22.12 to learn about the hybrid zone and how the hybrids behave
2. Can the hybrids reproduce successfully? What are some example?
Concept 22.4 Pg 430-433
Speciation timeline
1. How long does it take for new species to form?
2. Understand how fossil remains give us a clue about how speciation occurs. What is the difference between punctuated model and the gradual model? Fig 22. 14 shows both models.
3. Reproductive isolation can also be influenced by genes or a single gene. Learn how a single gene influences the way in which the shells of Japanese snail spiral in different directions preventing mating
Concept 18.6 Pg 357-361
Genes, genomes and evolution
1. What can we learn from comparing genomes of widely divergent species?
2. What can we learn from comparing genomes of closely related species?
3. From the comparisons above, which genomes do you expect to be more similar?
4. What is the comparison of developmental processes of different multicellular organisms called?
5. What are homeotic genes?
6. Look at Fig. 18.17, what can we conclude about homeotic genes based on the fact that they are present in almost identical sequence in species ranging from fruit flies to mammals?
VOCABULARY: Homeotic genes, homeobox, species, speciation, reproductive isolation, pre and post zygotic barriers, hybrids, temporal, allopatric, sympa ...
ECOL203403 – Ecology Populations to Ecosystems Assignment .docx
Lori Bentley
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ECOL203403 – Ecology Populations to Ecosystems Assignment .docx
Lori B. Ihrig
Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May
not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due
to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed
from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does
not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage
Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any
time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
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Fundamentals of Management, Eighth Edition
Ricky W. Griffin
Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
A comprehensive comparison of the original forms of biogeography based optimi...
Biogeography-based optimization (BBO) is a new population-based evolutionary algorithm and one of meta-heuristic algorithms. This technique is based on an old mathematical study that explains the geographical distribution of biological organisms. The first original form of BBO was introduced in 2008 and known as a partial migration based BBO. After three months, BBO was re-introduced again with additional three other forms and known as single, simplified partial, and simplified single migration based BBOs. Then a lot of modifications and hybridizations were employed to boost-up the performance of BBO and solve its weak exploration. However, the literature lacks the explanations and the reasons on which the modifications of the BBO forms are based on. This paper tries to clarify this issue by making a comparison between the four original BBO algorithms through 23 benchmark functions with different dimensions and complexities. The final judgment is confirmed by evaluating the performance based on the effect of the problem’s dimensions, the side constraints and the population size. The results show that both single and simplified single migration based BBOs are faster, but have less performance as compared to the others. The comparison between the partial and the simplified partial migration based BBOs shows that the preference depends on the population size, problem’s complexity and dimensions, and the values of the upper and lower side constraints. The partial migration model wins when these factors, except the population size, are increased, and vice versa for the simplified partial migration model. The results can be used as a foundation and a first step of modification for enhancing any proposed modification on BBO including the existing modifications that are described in literature.
1. All map projections, which represent the three-dimensional surfac.docx
1. All map projections, which represent the three-dimensional surface of the Earth on a two-dimensional surface distort one or more of the four properties - area, shape, distance, direction. How then are we to judge whether any map is a "good map"?
2. Some say to be lost is not to know where you are. Others say when you are lost, you know where you are but do not know where other places are. What does the idea of being lost tell us about the nature of geographic location. How does relative location and absolute location play into this?
3. Describe how technologies such as geographic information systems, remote sensing, and maps are used to analyze local, regional and global issues.
4. Many people use the terms weather and climate interchangeably. What is weather? (Give an example.) What is climate? (Give an example.) Compare/contrast the two. When traveling to an area of the world when would you be concerned about weather? When would you be concerned about climate?
5. There are three main causes of precipitation: 1) convection, 2) orographic uplift, and 3) frontal uplift. Explain each (in your own words) and give unique examples of where each cause can be encountered around the world.
6. Your text on pages 66-67 show climate patterns. Please tell me what is the base criteria Koppen used to identify the climate zones. Then use your atlas to identify one city, country (ex: Mexico City, Mexico) in each of the zones on Earth. Please remember there are many countries on the Earth, try to find different examples from different countries. (Don't use just the same ones over and over.)
Af
Am
Aw
BWh
BWk
BSh
BSk
Cfa
Cw
Cfb
Cfc
Cs
Dfa
Dwa
Dfb
Dwb
Dfc
Dwc
Dfd
Dwd
ET
EF
Highland (Name a Mountain range for this example and state the different countries it sits across.)
.
Important questions of Zoology, wildlife, zoogeography , Biochem, cell biolog...
Important questions of Zoology, wildlife, zoogeography , Biochem, cell biolog...Coastal & Fisheries Department
Important questions of Zoology, wildlife, zoogeography, Biochem, cell biology, embryology from exam point of view.Globalization Essay Good Or Bad
The document discusses the problem of child soldiers in Africa, noting that approximately 40% of the world's estimated 300,000 child soldiers are located on the continent. In particular, rebel groups like the Lord's Resistance Army in Uganda have abducted over 25,000 children since the 1980s to fight in conflicts. Most child soldiers in Africa do not fight for their country's freedom, but are instead recruited by rebels hoping to seize control within their nations.
"Spotting patterns of carnivore distribution"
Using camera trapping to estimate occupancy of leopards (Panthera pardus) and spotted hyaenas (Crocuta crocuta) in Nyika National Park, Malawi.
Metapopulation Assumptions
This document outlines the basic assumptions of metapopulation models and compares different types of metapopulation models. It discusses how metapopulation models assume space is discrete with habitat patches that are large enough for local populations to persist for generations. Basic models also assume equal patch size and isolation with migration not affecting dynamics. More complex spatially explicit and realistic models incorporate factors like patch quality and distance between patches.
Directions Please answer each of the following questions. Please.docx
This document provides a set of questions about various biology topics including chemosynthesis, cellular respiration pathways, fermentation, photosynthesis, and the Krebs cycle. It asks the reader to define key terms, list components of metabolic pathways, explain concepts such as how plants obtain energy from sunlight, and compare cellular respiration between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The document also provides essay prompts asking the reader to explain the Krebs cycle and its importance for the human body and exercise.
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This document contains an assignment for an Environmental Studies course, asking students to define key terms related to the environment and ecosystems, explain different types of ecosystems like forests and rivers, and describe concepts such as food chains, energy flow, and sustainability. Students are to write short responses for 11 questions focusing on multidisciplinary nature of environment, classification of environmental elements, sustainability, ecosystem definition and function, pond ecosystems, forest ecosystems, scope of environmental studies, river ecosystems, food chains and webs, and grassland ecosystems.
Unit Summaries 2
This unit summary outlines the objectives and activities for a unit on population geography. It includes mapping major population concentrations and describing their demographic characteristics. It also covers calculating population densities, explaining population pyramids, and the demographic transition model. Additionally, it discusses policies that affect population growth and key demographic terms. Natural hazards that impact populations are also addressed. The unit also focuses on types of human movement including migration factors. Historic and contemporary migration patterns are mapped, and migration trends in the United States are examined.
Performance comparison between the
Biogeography-based optimization (BBO) is a new popu
lation-based evolutionary algorithm and
one of meta-heuristic algorithms. This technique is
based on an old mathematical study that
explains the geographical distribution of biologica
l organisms. The first original form of BBO
was introduced in 2008 and known as a partial migra
tion based BBO. Few months later, BBO
was re-introduced again with additional three other
forms and known as single, simplified
partial, and simplified single migration based BBOs
. Then a lot of modifications were employed
to enhance the performance of BBO. However, the lit
erature lacks the explanations and the
reasons on which the modifications are based on. Th
is paper tries to clarify this issue by making
a comparison between the four original BBO algorith
ms through a variety of benchmark
functions with different dimensions and complexitie
s. The results show that both single and
simplified single migration based BBOs are faster,
but have less performance as compared to
the others. The comparison between the partial and
the simplified partial migration based BBOs
shows that the preference depends on the population
size, problem’s complexity and dimensions
and the values of the upper and lower side constrai
nts. The partial migration model wins when
these factors, except population size, are increase
d, and vice versa for the simplified partial
migration model. The results can be used as a found
ation and a first step of modification for
enhancing any proposed modification on BBO includin
g the existing modifications that are
described in literature.
PERFORMANCE COMPARISON BETWEEN THE ORIGINAL FORMS OF BIOGEOGRAPHY-BASED OPTIM...
Biogeography-based optimization (BBO) is a new population-based evolutionary algorithm and
one of meta-heuristic algorithms. This technique is based on an old mathematical study that
explains the geographical distribution of biological organisms. The first original form of BBO
was introduced in 2008 and known as a partial migration based BBO. Few months later, BBO
was re-introduced again with additional three other forms and known as single, simplified
partial, and simplified single migration based BBOs. Then a lot of modifications were employed
to enhance the performance of BBO. However, the literature lacks the explanations and the
reasons on which the modifications are based on. This paper tries to clarify this issue by making
a comparison between the four original BBO algorithms through a variety of benchmark
functions with different dimensions and complexities. The results show that both single and
simplified single migration based BBOs are faster, but have less performance as compared to
the others. The comparison between the partial and the simplified partial migration based BBOs
shows that the preference depends on the population size, problem’s complexity and dimensions
and the values of the upper and lower side constraints. The partial migration model wins when
these factors, except population size, are increased, and vice versa for the simplified partial
migration model. The results can be used as a foundation and a first step of modification for
enhancing any proposed modification on BBO including the existing modifications that are
described in literature.
Chapt03 Lecture
- The document outlines key concepts from a chapter about how species diversity arises and interacts within biological communities. It discusses evolution and adaptation, ecological niches, competition between species, predator-prey relationships, symbiosis, limits on population growth, community structure and diversity, and succession over time.
- Species evolve via natural selection and adaptation to their environments. They occupy different ecological niches as generalists or specialists. Competition and limits on resources can lead to competitive exclusion or niche partitioning between species.
- Species interactions like competition, predation, and symbiosis shape the relationships within communities. Predator-prey coevolution and defenses like mimicry also influence community structure. Keystone species play important roles in maintaining communities
2017 - Environmental Ordination of Filamentous Bacteria in Activated Sludge
Reference:
Zornoza, A., Serrano, S. and Alonso, J.L. (2017) Environmental Ordination of Filamentous Bacteria in Activated Sludge. In: Abstracts of the 7th congress of European microbiologists FEMS 2017, Valencia, Spain, 9-13 July 2017.
World geography exam 1 study guide
This document provides a study guide for Exam 1 on World Geography. It lists the chapters that will be covered on the exam - Chapters 1, 2, and 3 from the textbook. It also mentions that the exam will include map skills questions and material discussed in class. The guide then provides a list of vocabulary terms and questions for each chapter to review in preparation for the exam on January 28, 2015.
Writing up a scientific paper
1) Volunteers used different types of plastic cutlery ("appendages") to collect food in grass and tarmac habitats over generations to study microevolution in small populations.
2) In the grass habitat, the spoon appendage became fixed within 3 generations on average, suggesting it was best adapted, while in tarmac no adaptation was seen.
3) The study demonstrates how strong selection can drive rapid evolution in small populations over just a few generations, though human subjects and small sample sizes limit conclusions that can be drawn.
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ECOL203403 – Ecology Populations to Ecosystems Assignment .docx
ECOL203403 – Ecology Populations to Ecosystems Assignment .docx
ECOL203403 – Ecology Populations to Ecosystems Assignment .docx
A comprehensive comparison of the original forms of biogeography based optimi...
A comprehensive comparison of the original forms of biogeography based optimi...
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1. All map projections, which represent the three-dimensional surfac.docx
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Directions Please answer each of the following questions. Please.docx
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Assignement-1. Introduction to Environmental Studies and Ecosystems.pdf
Assignement-1. Introduction to Environmental Studies and Ecosystems.pdf
PERFORMANCE COMPARISON BETWEEN THE ORIGINAL FORMS OF BIOGEOGRAPHY-BASED OPTIM...
PERFORMANCE COMPARISON BETWEEN THE ORIGINAL FORMS OF BIOGEOGRAPHY-BASED OPTIM...
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label the following structures if they are visible on the image. Please label both images using lines
or arrows. thank you
Primordial follicle
Primary unilaminar follicle
Primary multilaminar follicle
Primary oocytes
Follicular cells
Secondary oocyte, mature oocyte (metaphase 2)
Oocyte Nucleus
Zona pelucida
Mature or Graafian follicle
Interstitial cells
Blood vessels.
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Lab8 Controlling traffic using Extended ACL
Objectives
Perform basic configuration tasks on a router.
Applying Static routes and default route.
Exploring the routing table entry.
Applying Extended (named) access control lists (ACLs).
Testing the access control lists (ACLs).
Required Resources
2 Cisco Routers (1841)
2 Cisco Switches (2950-24)
3 Computers
UTP (straight through and cross over) cables
Tasks:
A. Build up the topology.
B. Perform Basic Router Configurations
Steps:
1. Connect the components as shown in Fig 1.
2. Configure the router hostname to match the topology diagram.
3. Configure IP addresses and masks on all devices.
4. Configure a loopback interface (loopback 0) on R2 to simulate the ISP. (search on the internet
how to configure loopback interface)
C. Enable Static route for all networks.
Steps:
1. For Router 1
R1(config)# ip route 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0 serial 0/0/0
Default root can be configured as:
R1(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.1.2
2. For Router 2
R2(config)# ip route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 serial 0/0/1
R2(config)# ip route 192.168.11.0 255.255.255.0 serial 0/0/1
D. Verify full IP connectivity using the ping command and the routing table of routers.
Step#1:
For R1 and R2, use the command show ip route, take a snapshot for the resulting routing table,
and discuss the outputs:
*Routing table of R1(Screenshoot)
*Routing table of R2 (Screenshot)
Step#2:
Make sure that the whole network nodes can ping each other.
Before configuring and applying this ACL, be sure to test connectivity from Laptop1 to the
loopback interface (ISP - 209.165.200.225)
E. Configuring an Extended ACL
In this section, you are configuring an extended ACL on R1 that blocks traffic originating from any
device on the 192.168.10.0/24 network to access the 209.165.200.255 host (the simulated ISP).
This ACL will be applied outbound on the R1 Serial 0/0/0 interface.
Steps:
1. Configure a named extended ACL.
R1(config)#ip access-list extended EXTEND-1
R1(config-ext-nacl)#deny ip 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255 host 209.165.200.225
2. Apply the ACL.
With standard ACLs, the best practice is to place the ACL as close to the destination as possible.
Extended ACLs are typically placed close to the source.
R1(config)#interface serial 0/0/0
R1(config-if)#ip access-group EXTEND-1 out
3. Test the ACL.
From Laptop1; ping the loopback interface on R2.
R1(config-ext-nacl)#permit ip any any
**Please provide full code and screenshoots from Cisco packet tracer.
Table -1 begin{tabular}{|c|ccc|} hline Device & Interface & IP Address & Default Gateway & & & R1
& Fa0/0 & 192.168.10.1/24 & N/A & Fa0/1 & 192.168.11.1/24 & N/A & So/0/0 & 10.1.1.1/24 & N/A
& Fa0/1 & 192.168.20.1/24 & N/A R2 & So/0/1 & 10.1.1.2/24 & N/A & loopback 0 &
209.165.200.225/8 & N/A & & & & & 192.168.10.10/24 & 192.168 .10 .1 hline Laptop1 & NIC &
192.168.11.10/24 & 192.168 .11 .1 hline Laptop2 & NIC & 192.168.20.254/24 & 192.168 .20 .1
hline hline PC3 & NIC & & hline end{tabular}.
Lab Task 2 Use the below code and fill it in where appropri.pdf
Lab Task 2: Use the below code and fill it in where appropriate to prompt the user to insert
numbers into the tree, display tree nodes, search the tree nodes for a number, and delete a node
from the tree. The program must show this message when it starts: Enter first letter of show,
insert, find, delete, or traverse:.
Lab Task 5 Points As a programmer in a company you were .pdf
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can register employees' information and their dependents. The program should: - Register
employee information (id, name and department) - Register dependent/s for each employee - View
all records, showing the employee details and its registered dependent/s. As an initial step, the
design team draws the following class diagram to give the overview of the program. The
implementation team writes more details explaining what input and output is needed. As a part of
the implementation team, your job is to write the proper code to realize the class diagram..
La mutacin del ojo sepia se es una mutacin recesiva no l.pdf
La mutacin del ojo sepia (se) es una mutacin recesiva no letal ubicada en el cromosoma III en
Drosophila (no est ligada al sexo, el cromosoma sexual es el cromosoma I). Prediga los
resultados de un cruce monohbrido (generacin F ) con los siguientes progenitores: una mosca
2
+
hembra homocigtica de tipo salvaje y una mosca macho con ojos sepia. Use un se para el tipo
salvaje y se para la mutacin. Qu son los genotipos parentales? ________ Los genotipos F ?
1
_______ Dibuja un cuadro de Punnett para determinar las proporciones fenotpicas predichas en
la generacin F .
2.
LAB EXERCISES 1 Create a table employee with emp_noemp_n.pdf
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employees. 7. View the structure of the table employee using describe. 8. Delete all the
employees from 'MANGALORE' 9. Rename employee as employee 1. 10. Drop the table
employeel..
lab 7 volcanos Emaglai St Maina kea and whata Use these map.pdf
lab 7 volcanos
Emaglai St Maina kea and whata Use these maps to answer the following questions. Which rwo
voleanoef inclode nonss whe the hyther riak of hamards from lava flows (zone 1)? Which voicano
has the loasest risk of tararth from fova toves? Which volcano dominates the luva haand rooe
map, by corering the laggest ares? Mauna Loa Describe she 2018 cruption, and caplain boe for
oot) accuate these mops were for ptedicting th high nsk areas.Why afe the lava harard zoan
uneveo in whupe, fakes than beang conceneric amownd the veer of the wotcano? eruporans an
Hauati?The second jart of the ewertise concerna the 1990 wrwetgan of Mount Se. Helens. You
woun th Fart 2 Me.sit Ileleta morkarg whth satebate imagen ef the arva frisen. Spend some time
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inagos, what colors represent the following features? Vegetation Water lce and snow Ash and
mudUsing the map above and/or the satellite image from 1983, estimate the sine of the area of
forest (in sq, miles) devastated by the May 18. 1960 eruption. (show your working) Describe what
happened to Spirit lake as a result of the eruption. fUSE rour OWN WORDS) What changos,
identified in the 1963, 19e8, 1992 and 1999 sateuilie images and on the current Google Earth
image, indicate that the area is recovering from the 1980 ervption?Name least 5mm m? unaffected
by ash deposits? Using Google Farth, find and name 3 echer miqhbering wolcanoes in the
Cascade Fange chat have the potential to crupt like Mout Solet kleiens.Use your answets and
graphs from today's lab to write your report. Titie - Brief, but descriptive. Introduction - Hriefly
introduce volcanie hamards and the 2 volcanoes you shudied is detail. What is the purpose of the
lab exercise? Method What information did your obtain from the maps and images? How did you
use that data to assess past damage and future risk from these volcanoes? Results - What types
of hatard does each volcano present? How are they similar, and how do they differ? How large are
the areas affected or potentially affected by these hazands? Discussion - Discuss the relationships
betweeh magma type and hatard for each volcano. How does the location of each volcano affect
the nature of the eruption and the type and sitie of hamard? Conclusions - Brief summary of your
findings:.
La venta al por menor de prendas de vestir ha cambiado Ya n.pdf
La venta al por menor de prendas de vestir ha cambiado. Ya no existe un aspecto estndar al que
se adhieren todos los minoristas durante toda una temporada. La moda es rpida, compleja y
furiosa. Las diferentes tendencias se superponen y las ideas de moda que ni siquiera estn en la
pantalla de radar de una tienda pueden convertirse en "imprescindibles" en seis meses. Muchos
comercios minoristas con sus propias marcas, como H&M y Zara, venden productos de moda de
ltima hora a precios bajos en tiendas que estn claramente enfocadas en un mercado. En el
mundo de la moda rpida, los diseos de pasarela se abren paso rpidamente en las tiendas de la
calle a precios cualquiera.
La calidad de la prenda hace que solo dure una temporada, pero los clientes de moda rpida no
quieren las tendencias de ayer. Como dice Newsweek, "ser un comprador ms rpido" es lo que
hizo que los minoristas de moda H&M y Zara tuvieran xito. Prosperan practicando la nueva
ciencia de la "moda rpida", comprimiendo los ciclos de desarrollo de productos hasta seis veces.
Pero las operaciones minoristas que ven los clientes son solo la parte final de las cadenas de
suministro que los alimentan. Y estos tambin han cambiado.
En su nivel ms simple, la cadena de suministro de moda rpida tiene cuatro etapas. Primero se
disean las prendas, luego se fabrican. Luego se distribuyen a los puntos de venta minorista,
donde se exhiben y venden en operaciones minoristas diseadas para reflejar los valores de marca
de las empresas. En este breve caso examinamos dos operaciones de moda rpida, Hennes and
Mauritz (conocidas como H&M) y Zara, junto con United Colors of Benetton (UCB), una cadena
similar, pero con un posicionamiento de mercado diferente.
Benetton
Hace casi cincuenta aos, Luciano Benetton tom por asalto el mundo de la moda al vender los
suteres brillantes e informales (diseados por su hermana) en toda Europa (y ms tarde en el resto
del mundo), promovidos por publicidad controvertida. En 2005, el Grupo Benetton estaba
presente en 120 pases de todo el mundo. Con la venta de ropa casual, principalmente bajo United
Colors of Benetton (UCB) y sus marcas Sisley, ms orientadas a la moda, produce 110 millones de
prendas al ao, ms del 90 por ciento de ellas en Europa. Su red minorista de ms de 5000 tiendas
produce ingresos de alrededor de $ 2 mil millones. Los productos de Benetton son menos alta
costura pero de un estndar ms alto de calidad y durabilidad, con precios ms altos que H&M y
Zara.
H&M
Establecidos en Suecia en 1947, ahora venden ropa y cosmticos en ms de 1000 tiendas en 20
pases de todo el mundo. El concepto de negocio es moda y calidad al mejor precio. Con ms de 40
000 empleados e ingresos de alrededor de SEK 60 000 millones, su mayor mercado es Alemania,
seguida de Suecia y el Reino Unido. H&M es visto por muchos como el creador del concepto de
moda rpida. Ciertamente, tienen aos de experiencia en reducir el precio de la moda de ltima hora.
Aseguramos el mejor precio, dicen, al tener po.
La Universidad Johns Hopkins cometi recientemente un gran e.pdf
La Universidad Johns Hopkins cometi recientemente un gran error. Sin darse cuenta, dio la
bienvenida a 293 solicitantes rechazados al campus de Baltimore, Maryland. El correo electrnico
deca: Acepta el S! en la lnea de asunto. Bienvenidos a la Clase de 2019! No podemos esperar a
que llegues al campus. Hasta entonces, como uno de los miembros ms nuevos de la familia,
esperamos que muestre su orgullo por el arrendajo azul. Nota al pie de pgina Ese mensaje estaba
destinado a enviarse a los 3065 estudiantes que haban sido aceptados. En cambio, se dirigi a un
subconjunto de estudiantes que haban solicitado pero se les neg. David Phillips, vicerrector de
admisiones y ayuda financiera en Hopkins, culp al error humano por el error. Un subcontratista
que ayuda a la prestigiosa universidad con la comunicacin electrnica us la lista incorrecta de
direcciones de correo electrnico, explic el vicerrector. Pedimos disculpas a los estudiantes
afectados y a sus familias, dijo Phillips. Los das de decisin de admisin son lo suficientemente
estresantes. Lamentamos mucho haber contribuido a la decepcin que sinti un grupo de
estudiantes muy capaces y trabajadores, especialmente aquellos que estaban tan comprometidos
con la idea de asistir a Johns Hopkins que aplicaron la decisin anticipada. Nota a pie de pgina Un
solicitante, que ya haba recibido un rechazo de Hopkins, Sam Stephenson, estaba confundido,
dijo su madre. Qu podra hacer la universidad para corregir este desliz masivo? Para David
Phillips, vicerrector de admisiones y ayuda financiera, escriba un mensaje de malas noticias
apropiado para los estudiantes que recibieron el mensaje por error. Muchos solicitantes se
preguntarn cul es su estado real de admisin..
La transcripcin es el proceso mediante el cual la enzima _.pdf
La transcripcin es el proceso mediante el cual la enzima, ____________________ , hace una
__________________ a partir de una plantilla ______________ .
1. La traduccin es el proceso por el cual las estructuras, ____________________ , hechas de
subunidades especficas, junto con _________ ARN, forman un ________________ a partir de
una plantilla de ARN.
2. En qu extremo de una cadena de ARN en crecimiento se agregan nuevos nucletidos?.
La ventaja potencial de la dilucin de acciones es que R E.pdf
La ventaja potencial de la dilucin de acciones es que:
R. El capital recibido por la empresa despus de la dilucin puede mejorar la rentabilidad de la
empresa y el precio de sus acciones.
B. La propiedad de la empresa se vuelve ms concentrada.
C.La compaa aumentar sus pagos de dividendos a corto y mediano plazo.
D. No hay potencial alcista en la dilucin de acciones.
R. El capital recibido por la empresa despus de la dilucin puede mejorar la rentabilidad de la
empresa y el precio de sus acciones.
B. La propiedad de la empresa se vuelve ms concentrada.
C.La compaa aumentar sus pagos de dividendos a corto y mediano plazo.
D. No hay potencial alcista en la dilucin de acciones..
La transcriptasa inversa es conocida por tener poca activida.pdf
La transcriptasa inversa es conocida por tener poca actividad de revisin. Cul sera una
consecuencia de esto?
Qu dogma central de la gentica tuvo que ser revisado tras el descubrimiento de un
retrovirus y por qu?
Un medicamento antiviral modifica especficamente los receptores virales en una clula
husped eucariota. Cmo podra afectar esto al ciclo reproductivo viral?.
La teora del orden jerrquico de MyersMajluf predice que l.pdf
La teora del orden jerrquico de Myers-Majluf predice que las empresas financiarn sus proyectos
utilizando la siguiente secuencia de fuentes de financiacin:
A. Fondos internos; equidad externa; deuda segura; deuda riesgosa
B. Equidad externa; deuda segura; deuda riesgosa; fondos internos
C. Fondos internos; deuda riesgosa; deuda segura; patrimonio externo
D. Equidad externa; deuda riesgosa; deuda segura; fondos internos
E. Ninguna de las anteriores.
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