Note of LAMP software bundle installation. Linux distro - CentOS 6.5

1. L.A.M.P
Installation Note
--- CentOS 6.5
William.L
wiliwe@gmail.com
2014-05-02
(2014-07-18 updated)

2. Index
CentOS Envrionment Setup........................................................................................................................................................ 6
Show Services be started on System Boot............................................................................................................................. 7
Disable SELinux (Security-Enhanced Linux) ........................................................................................................................... 7
Apache 2 (2.2)............................................................................................................................................................................. 9
Troubleshooting Apache(httpd)........................................................................................................................................... 10
Permission denied: make_sock: could not bind to address [::]:88 (88 is web server port number)............................. 10
Static File Access Forbidden (HTTP 403 Error)................................................................................................................. 13
Apache Log Files.................................................................................................................................................................... 15
MySQL 5 .................................................................................................................................................................................... 17
MySQL Installation Path....................................................................................................................................................... 17
Show MySQL Version............................................................................................................................................................ 17
Show Current Databases...................................................................................................................................................... 18
MySQL Configuration File..................................................................................................................................................... 18
MySQL Log File...................................................................................................................................................................... 19
Verify PhpMyAdmin ............................................................................................................................................................. 19
Enable phpMyAdmin Remote Access .................................................................................................................................. 20
PHP 5......................................................................................................................................................................................... 21
PHP Configuration Files ........................................................................................................................................................ 22
Configure PHP....................................................................................................................................................................... 22
Check PHP5 Installation........................................................................................................................................................ 22
phpMyAdmin........................................................................................................................................................................ 24
Debugging Message / Error Log ........................................................................................................................................... 25
Log MySQL Debugging Message........................................................................................................................................... 27
“Permission denied” Error when Uploading Files- PHP move_uploaded_file()................................................................. 28
Configure Maximum Size of Upload File.............................................................................................................................. 28
Error Happened When Missing “php” in Escape Mark <??>............................................................................................... 29
Datetime & Timezone........................................................................................................................................................... 29
Navicat Database Administration Tool.................................................................................................................................... 30
MySQL – How to Enable Remote Access?................................................................................................................................ 33
Use MySQL Workbench(MS-Windows) to Connect Remote MySQL Server .......................................................................... 36

3. PHP – How to View PHP Source Codes in Web Page............................................................................................................... 38

4. L.A.M.P Architecture
A kind of software bundle.
The acronym LAMP refers to first letters of the four components of a solution stack, composed entirely of free
and open-source software, suitable for building high-availability heavy-duty dynamic web sites, and capable of
serving tens of thousands of requests simultaneously.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/LAMP_software_bundle.svg/600px-LAMP_software_bundle.svg.png
The meaning of the LAMP acronym depends on which specific components are used as part of the actual bundle:
* Linux, the operating system (i.e. not just the Linux kernel, but also glibc and some other essential components
of an operating system)
* Apache HTTP Server, the web server. Its daemon/service name is “httpd”.
* MySQL, MariaDB or MongoDB, the database management system
* PHP, Perl, or Python, the scripting languages (respectively programming languages) used for dynamic web
pages and web development.
Web server (Apache) and the application (written in PHP, Perl or Python) might be in the same process, but the
database is always a separate process.
P.S:
Web server could use PHP/Perl/Python as an integrated component(in the form of Module or Plug-in running in
the same memory space of web server) or a separate program (e.g CGI-way, use it by invoking interpreter(a
software)), so it says “might be in the same process”.

5. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/LAMPP_Architecture.png/450px-LAMPP_Architecture.png

6. CentOS Envrionment Setup
Check the version number of CentOS:
$ cat /etc/centos-release
Add EPEL(Extra Package for Enterprise Linux)
[root] # rpm -Uvh http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
[root] # rpm -Uvh http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
Add Remi repository. The Remi repository is a repository containing updated PHP and MySQL packages and is
maintained by Remi ( http://blog.famillecollet.com/pages/Config-en ).
[root] # rpm -Uvh http://rpms.famillecollet.com/enterprise/remi-release-6.rpm
Update package repository database.
[root] # yum -y update
List current YUM repositories.
[root] # yum repolist

7. Show Services be started on System Boot
$ chkconfig --list
Disable SELinux (Security-Enhanced Linux)
If SELinux makes for some cryptic errors when running the LAMP stack, you could follow steps to disable SELinux.
(1) Open SELinux configuration file using text editor
[root]# vim /etc/selinux/config
(2) Change the “SELINUX=” line to “disabled” value, like so:
SELINUX= disabled

8. (3) Reboot your machine
[root]# shutdown -r now

9. Apache 2 (2.2)
Apache2 is available as a CentOS package, therefore we can install it like this:
[root] # yum install httpd
Allow Apache server default port 80(or other port number you want) through your firewall/router if you want to
connect from remote systems. To do that, edit file /etc/sysconfig/iptables,
[root] # vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables
Add the following lines.
[...]
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
[...]
Restart iptables:
[root] # service iptables restart
Now configure your system to start Apache at boot time...
[root] # chkconfig --levels 235 httpd on
... and start Apache:
[root] # /etc/init.d/httpd start
or
[root] # service httpd start
Now direct your browser to http://192.168.0.100 (or your host’s IP address), and you should see the Apache2
placeholder page:

10. Apache's default document root is /var/www/html on CentOS, and the configuration file is
/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf. Additional configurations are stored in the /etc/httpd/conf.d/ directory.
To use command to see the version of current Apache2 server
$ apachectl -v
or
$ httpd -v
Troubleshooting Apache(httpd)
Permission denied: make_sock: could not bind to address [::]:88 (88 is web server port
number)
In Apache, this type of error occurs at the time of starting the service after editing the
/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf file to listen to a particular port number.

11. [Root Cause]
The reason is that Apache allowing only specified http port numbers, and the one you have given is not in that list.
This could check by using semanage tool ( http://linux.die.net/man/8/semanage ).
[Solution]
Steps:
(1) Search which package contains semanage tool.
$ su
# yum provides /usr/sbin/semanage
(2) Install policycoreutils-python package.
$ su
# yum -y install policycoreutils-python

12. (3) Check installed semanage tool.
(4) Show current granted port numbers for Apach(http).
$ su
# semanage port -l|grep http
(4) Add wanted port numbers into granted port list for Apach (httpd).
$ su
# semanage port -a -t http_port_t -p tcp 8888
(5) Start Apache(httpd) again.
Use netstat tool to see if Apache(httpd) binded the port number you added before.
$ netstat -n -l -t -p
This command means :
Please show numberic(-n) listening(-l) port number of TCP(-t) protocol and show it corresponding
service/process(-p)

13. (6) Connect to http://localhost:8888 in web browser
Static File Access Forbidden (HTTP 403 Error)
From following example, a directory index web page, index.html, includes a JavaScript library file, b28n.js,under
subdirectory “lang”, e.g. /var/www/html/lang.
When accessing index.html web page, it will show HTTP 403 Forbidden error message.

14. [Solution]
[root]# sudo chown -R $USER:$USER /var/www/folder-name
[root]# sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www

15. Apache Log Files
In directory /etc/httpd/logs which is symbolically linked to /var/log/httpd.
There have two log files:
* access_log
* error_log
In Apache configuration file, /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf, variable “ErrorLog” denotes the file name for logging

16. access or error messages.
The files’path is relative to “/etc/httpd”

17. MySQL 5
To install MySQL, we do this:
[root] # yum install -y --enablerepo=remi,remi-test mysql mysql-server phpmyadmin
Then we create the system startup links for MySQL (so that MySQL starts automatically whenever the system
boots):
[root] # chkconfig --levels 235 mysqld on
and start the MySQL server:
[root] # /etc/init.d/mysqld start
or
[root] # service mysqld start
MySQL Installation Path
Show MySQL Version
$ mysql
or

18. $ mysqladmin version
Show Current Databases
MySQL Configuration File
/etc/my.cnf

19. MySQL Log File
/var/log/mysqld.log
Verify PhpMyAdmin
In web browser, connect http://localhost:YourPortNum/phpmyadmin/

20. Enable phpMyAdmin Remote Access
In phpMyAdmin’s configuration file, phpMyAdmin.conf, is in folder “/etc/httpd/conf.d/”.
In phpMyAdmin.conf, add allowed IP addresses to access remotely.

21. PHP 5
Install PHP5 and the Apache PHP5 module as follows:
[root] # yum install -y --enablerepo=remi,remi-test php php-common php-pecl-memcache php-imap
php-pecl-memcached php-gd php-mbstring php-mcrypt php-xml php-pecl-apc php-cli php-pear php-pdo
php-mysql
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note:
MySQL (php-mysql) – A extension for PHP applications that use MySQL databases.
Memcache (php-pecl-memcache) – Memcached caching daemon.
Memcached (php-pecl-memcached) – Memcached caching daemon.
GD (php-gd) – GD extension for PHP application to serve graphics.
XML (php-xml) – XML Parser for PHP applications.
MBString (php-mbstring) – Mbstring extension is used to handle multi-byte string in PHP applications.
MCrypt (php-mcrypt) – A Mcrypt library for PHP scripts.
APC (php-pecl-apc) – APC module used to optimize and cache PHP code. It is a free and open PHP opcode cacher
for caching and optimizing PHP intermediate code. It's similar to other PHP opcode
cachers, such as eAccelerator and Xcache. It is strongly recommended to have one of these
installed to speed up your PHP page.
CLI (php-cli) – Command-line interface for PHP.
PEAR (php-pear) – Application Repository framework for PHP.
PDO (php-pdo) – Database access module for PHP applications.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In Apache(httpd) configureation file, /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf, add below section for interpreting of PHP
codes
as following snapshot:
It must restart Apache afterwards:
[root] # /etc/init.d/httpd restart
or
[root] # service httpd restart
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php .htm .html .php3

22. PHP Configuration Files
Configure PHP
(1) Increase PHP script memory limit
In the /etc/php.ini file replace memory_limit = 16M with memory_limit = 128M
(2) Increase PHP script max execution time
In the /etc/php.ini file replace max_execution_time = 30 with max_execution_time = 120
(3) Increase PHP script max upload size
In the /etc/php.ini file replace post_max_size = 8M with post_max_size = 50M
Check PHP5 Installation
The document root of the default web site is /var/www/html. We will now create a small PHP file (info.php) in
that directory and call it in a browser. The file will display lots of useful details about our PHP installation, such as
the installed PHP version.
$ vi /var/www/html/info.php
, add
Now we call that file in a browser (e.g. http://localhost/info.php):
<?php
phpinfo();
?>

24. As you see, PHP5 is working, and it's working through the Apache 2.0 Handler, as shown in the Server API line. If
you scroll further down, you will see all modules that are already enabled in PHP5. MySQL is not listed there
which means we don't have MySQL support in PHP5 yet.
To use command line to see current version of PHP
$ php -v
phpMyAdmin
phpMyAdmin is a web interface through which you can manage your MySQL databases.
First we enable the RPMforge repository on our CentOS system as phpMyAdmin is NOT available in the official
CentOS 6.5 repositories.
Import the RPMforge GPG key:
[root] # rpm --import http://dag.wieers.com/rpm/packages/RPM-GPG-KEY.dag.txt
On x86_64 systems:
[root] # yum -y install
http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.3-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm
On i386 systems:

25. [root] # yum -y install http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.3-1.el6.rf.i686.rpm
phpMyAdmin can now be installed as follows:
[root] # yum -y install phpmyadmin
ow we configure phpMyAdmin. We change the Apache configuration so that phpMyAdmin allows connections
not just from localhost (by commenting out the <Directory "/usr/share/phpmyadmin"> stanza):
[root] # vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/phpmyadmin.conf
Next we change the authentication in phpMyAdmin from cookie to http:
[root] # # cp /usr/share/phpMyAdmin/config.sample.inc.php /usr/share/phpMyAdmin/config.inc.php p
[root] # vi /usr/share/phpmyadmin/config.inc.php
Restart Apache:
[root] # /etc/init.d/httpd restart
Afterwards, you can access phpMyAdmin under http://192.168.0.100/phpmyadmin/.
Debugging Message / Error Log
Ref : http://www.w3schools.com/php/func_error_log.asp
http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.error-log.php
In PHP page, use “error_log(String, 0)” function to store your debugging message into Apache web server’s log
file, /etc/httpd/logs/error_log. The parameter “0” means that the error is logged to web server’s error log.
#
# Web application to manage MySQL
#
#<Directory "/usr/share/phpmyadmin">
# Order Deny,Allow
# Deny from all
# Allow from 127.0.0.1
#</Directory>
Alias /phpmyadmin /usr/share/phpmyadmin
Alias /phpMyAdmin /usr/share/phpmyadmin
Alias /mysqladmin /usr/share/phpmyadmin
[...]
/* Authentication type */
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['auth_type'] = 'http';
[...]

26. To use error_log(), put the function as below snapshot.
After run the PHP web page including error_log() function, it could view messaged as below
$ cat /etc/httpd/logs/error_log
Other Error-Log relevant configurations in /etc/php.ini are as below:

27. Log MySQL Debugging Message
In “[mysql]” section of /etc/php.ini, set key “mysql.trace_mode” to “On”, it could.
Following is MySQL debugging message on PHP web page.
$ cat /var/logs/httpd/logs/error_log

28. “Permission denied” Error when Uploading Files- PHP
move_uploaded_file()
When doing HTTP upload file operation and move the uploaded file from web server temp folder to destination
folder using PHP move_uploaded_file() funtion, if it show “Permission denied” error and move_uploaded_file()
will return value 0.
[Solution]
Change the destination folder mode to 777.
For example,
# chmod 777 /var/www/html/firmware
Configure Maximum Size of Upload File
When using PHP function move_uploaded_file() to move uploaded file to designated destination, if it return
error value(-1), it might need to check the restriction of upload file’s size.
In PHP configuration file /etc/php.ini, check value of variable “upload_max_filesize” and see if the size of the file
to be uploaded is greater than variable’s value.
Also, you could change that value to a larger one.

29. Error Happened When Missing “php” in Escape Mark <??>
When writing PHP codes, if it forget to add “php” in escape mark <??> as below script(shown as below),
it will generate “Unexpected token <” error as below snapshot.
(This error message is shown in Google Chrome web browser’s Debugger)
Datetime & Timezone
Before using date() function to get formatted datetime value, it needs to set timezone for your locale.
Two ways to set timezone:
<Way - 1> PHP Configuration File
In /etc/php.ini , find section [Date]
, uncomment "date.timezone=", fill the timezone value and save file.
Finally, restart Apache server by the command:
$ service httpd restart
< Way - 2> Use date_default_timezone_set() Function
In PHP codes, before using date() function, to call function date_default_timezone_set() to set
timezone.
Ex:
Timezones supported in PHP are list here:
http://www.php.net/manual/en/timezones.php
<script language=”javascript”>
var id = < ? $MyID; ?>
</script>

30. Navicat Database Administration Tool
Official Site - http://www.navicat.com/cht/download/navicat-premium?gclid=CI-c46Whlr4CFQx9vQod774AWw
Import a MySQL Database
1.Right click connected MySQL server and select “新建數據庫新建數據庫新建數據庫新建數據庫”
2.Double click new created database, here “aps_fw” for example.

31. 3. Right click the the opened database and select “運行運行運行運行 SQL 檔案檔案檔案檔案” and it will open file dialog.
4. In file dialog, navigate to the path to the MySQL file you want to run and click open

32. 5. After importing successfully, click “關閉” button.
6. Reopen the database had done import operation.

33. MySQL – How to Enable Remote Access?
Or say - Enable Remote MySQL connection
$ mysql -u root -p mysql
[Solution]
Insert a record and the value of field Host is % character which means “Any IP Address”.
Steps:
(1) Connect to http://localhost/phpmyadmin , select table “user“ of database “mysql” and click “Export”.
(2) Click “Run(執行)” button to export.

34. (3) If you do NOT check “Save to /var/lib/phpMyAdmin/save” item, phpMyAdmin will just transfer the MySQL
script(.sql) file named in table name(here is “user”) you chosen to you.
(4) Open download MySQL script file with text editor and copy the SQL INSERT statement for “localhost” Host
and paste to the bottom in “Export Data of Table User” section and change the value of “Host” field of the copied
one to “%”.

35. (5) Click “Import(匯入匯入匯入匯入)” button to show Import form.
Choose the MySQL script file you want to use for import and click “Run(執行執行執行執行)” button to import.
(6) When data importing accomplished, verify the “user” table of database “mysql” that if there has a new
entry/record in which “Host” value is “%”.

36. Use MySQL Workbench(MS-Windows) to Connect
Remote MySQL Server
Click Plus sign button to show “Setup New Connection” form. Fill in fieds:
* Connection Name
* Connection Method
* Hostname
* Port
* Username
* Password - click button “Store in Vault” and fill MySQL server connection password in pop-out dialog
, and click “OK” button to finish.
Click “Test Connection” button to check if it could connect to remote MySQL server.
If it fail to connect, please verify if remote MySQL server grant remote access(as above steps) and if access
accout/password are correct.

37. Click “OK” button and the new connected remote MySQL server will shown as below.

38. PHP – How to View PHP Source Codes in Web Page
(1) Open Apache(httpd) configuration file, /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
(2) Add below section
as following snapshot:
(3) Do symbolic link command of a .php file to .phps as below:
ln -s index.php index.phps
(4) Browse the .phps web page as below snapshot.
AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps