The document summarizes observations of properties within three different families of elements according to the periodic table. In family 1, reactivity increases down the group as lithium sizzled and sodium sparked when added to water. Family 2 elements showed decreasing solubility moving down, identifying an unknown as barium. Density was observed to increase when moving down family 14 as mass increases faster than volume due to additional electron shells.

1. Periodic Law (It’s all in the family) Lara O. and Alex P.

2. Objective Observe similar/unlike properties between elements in the same group Observe: density in family 14 solubility in family 2 chemical activity in family 1

3. Introduction to Periodic Law Definition- when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, elements with similar properties appear at regular intervals

4. Observations

5. Densities of Family 14

6. Solubilities of group 2

8. Data Analysis and Conclusions Dc as amorphous= 1.6 g/cm3 % error of C= 0 Accepted value of density of germanium= 5.46 g/cm3 % error of germanium= 15.85%

9. Discussion and Conclusions Family 1: Alkali Group Trend: as you go down the group, reactivity increases Lithium sizzled and gave off H2 gas Sodium “sparked” and gave off H2gas

10. Discussions and Conclusions Cont Family 2: Alkaline earth metals Trend: as you go down the group, solubility decreases The unknown we tested was Ba+2, we know this because it had the same results

11. Discussion and Conclusion Cont Family 14: Carbon Group Trend: as you go down the group, density increases

12. D=M/V As density increases, the mass and volume also increase. Mass increases faster. As you go down a group, shielding/number of core electron shells increases