Lab report guide
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The document provides guidelines for a 100 point lab report that includes several required sections: a title, purpose, hypothesis, background research, materials and procedures, data and results, and conclusion. The conclusion section must be the most substantial and should include paragraphs that restate the purpose and hypothesis, explain and summarize the results and data, and state whether the hypothesis was correct or incorrect along with reasons. An optional references cited section is included if outside sources were used. The report will be graded on format requirements such as labels, units, font, margins, and avoidance of first person.
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Lab report
Lab reports are an essential part of science classes and usually account for a significant portion of a student's grade. Lab reports are written to describe and analyze a laboratory experiment that explores a scientific concept. A standard lab report includes a title, statement of the problem, hypothesis, list of materials, procedure, results including any data, and conclusions where the hypothesis is accepted or rejected based on the results and data.
Scientific method
The scientific method is a process for asking and answering scientific questions through experiments. It involves:
1) Asking a question and making an educated hypothesis about what the answer may be. The hypothesis predicts the relationship between variables in an experiment.
2) Designing and conducting an experiment that tests the hypothesis by manipulating one variable and observing the effects. Data is collected and recorded methodically.
3) Analyzing the experimental data, including calculating averages and graphing results, to determine whether the data supports or rejects the original hypothesis.
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Stats Workshop2010
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2. It discusses experimental design, observational studies, and the importance of gathering sufficient data to draw meaningful conclusions.
3. Guidelines are provided for statistical analysis techniques including summarizing data, forming hypotheses to test, and using common fundamental methods such as t-tests, regression, and analysis of variance.
B.3 testing the hypothesis
Hypothesis tests are conducted in four steps: 1) state the null and alternative hypotheses, 2) form an analysis plan to test the hypotheses using sample data, 3) analyze the sample data and calculate a test statistic, 4) interpret the results by comparing the p-value to the significance level to determine whether to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis. The test statistic equation compares the sample statistic to the parameter value specified in the null hypothesis using either a z-score or t-score. The p-value represents the probability of observing results as extreme as the test statistic if the null hypothesis is true.
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Recommended
Lab report
Lab reports are an essential part of science classes and usually account for a significant portion of a student's grade. Lab reports are written to describe and analyze a laboratory experiment that explores a scientific concept. A standard lab report includes a title, statement of the problem, hypothesis, list of materials, procedure, results including any data, and conclusions where the hypothesis is accepted or rejected based on the results and data.
Scientific method
The scientific method is a process for asking and answering scientific questions through experiments. It involves:
1) Asking a question and making an educated hypothesis about what the answer may be. The hypothesis predicts the relationship between variables in an experiment.
2) Designing and conducting an experiment that tests the hypothesis by manipulating one variable and observing the effects. Data is collected and recorded methodically.
3) Analyzing the experimental data, including calculating averages and graphing results, to determine whether the data supports or rejects the original hypothesis.
L8 scientific visualization of data
Tutorial for beginning graduate students. Basic exploration of multivariate experimental data can be done with freely downloadable software. We also discuss the use of Excel because it is commonly in use.
Sampling
This document discusses various sampling techniques used in research. It defines key terms like population, sample, census, and sampling frame. It describes probability sampling methods like simple random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified random sampling, cluster sampling, and multi-stage sampling. It also discusses non-probability sampling techniques like judgmental, quota, snowball, and convenience sampling. The document emphasizes the importance of selecting the most appropriate sampling technique based on the research question and having a representative sample.
Stats Workshop2010
1. The document introduces statistical analysis and the scientific method, including deductive and inductive reasoning approaches.
2. It discusses experimental design, observational studies, and the importance of gathering sufficient data to draw meaningful conclusions.
3. Guidelines are provided for statistical analysis techniques including summarizing data, forming hypotheses to test, and using common fundamental methods such as t-tests, regression, and analysis of variance.
B.3 testing the hypothesis
Hypothesis tests are conducted in four steps: 1) state the null and alternative hypotheses, 2) form an analysis plan to test the hypotheses using sample data, 3) analyze the sample data and calculate a test statistic, 4) interpret the results by comparing the p-value to the significance level to determine whether to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis. The test statistic equation compares the sample statistic to the parameter value specified in the null hypothesis using either a z-score or t-score. The p-value represents the probability of observing results as extreme as the test statistic if the null hypothesis is true.
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The document provides guidance to students on completing sections of a written project report on memory. It outlines the requirements and deadlines for the Introduction, Method, and Conclusion sections. For the Introduction, it describes including background research on memory models and relating previous studies. The Method section must describe the design, participants, materials, and procedures in enough detail to replicate the study. It also provides details on what to include for the hypothesis, independent and dependent variables, sampling method, materials, procedure, and controlling for confounding variables. The deadline for the final coursework is March 1st.
Rates of reaction, Chemistry GCSE
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Rates of reaction
Here are the effects on the rate of reaction of changing each condition:
- If the concentration of acid is increased, the rate of reaction will increase. This is because there will be more reactant particles per unit volume, resulting in more frequent collisions between reactants.
- If calcium carbonate powder is used instead of small pieces, the rate of reaction will increase. This is because powder has a larger surface area, allowing for more reactant particles at the interface where the reaction occurs.
- If the volume of acid is increased, the rate of reaction will initially increase but then level off. This is because there will be more reactant particles initially, but the reaction will use them up over time.
- If the
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Lab report guidelines UPDATED
The document outlines the sections and content required for a 100 point lab report, including: the purpose, hypothesis, background research, materials and procedures, data and results, and conclusion. Data and results must include labeled diagrams, tables, graphs and calculations. The conclusion must restate the purpose and hypothesis, summarize procedures, explain trends in results, and state whether the hypothesis was correct or possible reasons it was incorrect. The significance of the findings must also be discussed. Proper formatting and citations are required.
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- Sections must include the title, date, pre-lab questions, objective, materials, procedure, data, analysis, conclusion, and be written in a specific format and order.
How To Plan An Experiment
This document provides instructions for designing and conducting a scientific experiment. It outlines the key steps: stating the problem by defining the independent and dependent variables; formulating a hypothesis; listing required materials; designing procedures; collecting organized data in a table; graphing the results; analyzing the data and conclusions by determining if the results support the hypothesis and stating sources of experimental error. The goal is for students to gain experience investigating a question, collecting and analyzing data, and determining conclusions based on evidence.
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Creating a formal laboratory
This document provides instructions for writing a formal laboratory report. It discusses the typical elements of a lab report including the title, statement of problem, hypothesis, methodology, data, results, and conclusion. Students are guided to write a sample lab report for a grassland biodiversity experiment by developing each section, such as writing a hypothesis based on background information and designing a data table and graph. Following a standardized format and including all required elements will help students earn a good grade on their formal lab report.
The Parts of a Lab Report
This is the outline for what a lab report should contain. Refer to your rubric for what you need to turn in.
IMRAD FORMAT
IMRAD format
An acronym for Introduction – Method – Results – and – Discussion. The IMRaD format is a way of structuring a scientific article. It is often used in health care and the natural sciences. Unlike theses in the social sciences, the IMRaD format does not include a separate theory chapter
How do you write an original research article and have it published? – Pubrica
The introduction sets the standard for the rest of your speech. It's divided into three sections: what's known, unknown, and your burning query, hypothesis, or goal Original Research Manuscript Writing Services.
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For our services: https://pubrica.com/services/physician-writing-services/orginal-research-article/
Why Pubrica:
When you order our services, we promise you the following – Plagiarism free | always on Time | 24*7 customer support | Written to international Standard | Unlimited Revisions support | Medical writing Expert | Publication Support | Bio statistical experts | High-quality Subject Matter Experts.
Contact us:
Web: https://pubrica.com/
Blog: https://pubrica.com/academy/
Email: sales@pubrica.com
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United Kingdom: +44-1618186353
Intro Research
Research involves posing questions, designing experiments to answer those questions, collecting factual data through experiments, and rationally interpreting the results. The research process includes defining the problem, designing experiments, making observations and analyzing data, and drawing conclusions. When starting research, one should generate ideas from areas of interest, organize their ideas into a precise question and procedures for collecting and analyzing data, perform the procedures, analyze the results, and compile findings into a report. Common mistakes include failing to analyze data as the experiment proceeds or select an appropriate analysis method. The conclusion of research should summarize key findings and observations, discuss how results prove or disprove hypotheses, identify limitations, and suggest future research.
Results And Analysis
1. The results section should objectively report the findings from the research in a concise manner using figures, tables and text.
2. Key results should be highlighted and described in the context of the questions asked. Control experiments and non-table/figure findings can also be reported.
3. Data should be analyzed and presented in a clear format without interpretation, and the same data should not be presented twice.
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1. The results section should objectively report the findings from the research in text, figures, and tables without interpreting or explaining the results.
2. Figures and tables should complement the text and not repeat the same information. Each figure and table needs a number, caption/title, and should be able to stand on its own.
3. The discussion section provides an interpretation of the results and supports any conclusions drawn, using evidence from the experiment and existing knowledge, and explains the significance and implications of the findings.
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Lab report writing
This document outlines the key sections and content that should be included in a lab report. It discusses including an informative title, abstract, introduction with purpose and hypothesis, detailed methods section, results with organized data, and a conclusion discussing whether the hypothesis was supported and improvements for the experiment. The lab report provides a clear and detailed analysis of the procedures, data, and findings of an experiment.
How to Write a Lab Report
This document provides guidance on writing an effective lab report, including its typical structure and components. A lab report is a complete record of an experiment that includes enough detail for someone else to replicate the study. It generally consists of a cover page, introduction, statement of objective, materials and methods, results, discussion, references, and sometimes appendices. Each section has a specific purpose and content to include. The document emphasizes writing in past tense, avoiding interpretation in the results section, and providing thorough methodology to allow reproducibility.
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Rates of reaction, Chemistry GCSE
Higher concentrations and pressures increase reaction rates by providing more reactive particles in the same volume, leading to more successful collisions. Smaller particle sizes also increase reaction rates through a greater surface area and contact between particles, again resulting in more successful collisions. Raising the temperature increases reaction rates as it causes particles to move more quickly, providing more energy and successful collisions that surpass the activation energy. Catalysts increase reaction rates by reducing the activation energy needed, allowing for more successful collisions and a faster reaction.
Rates of reaction
Here are the effects on the rate of reaction of changing each condition:
- If the concentration of acid is increased, the rate of reaction will increase. This is because there will be more reactant particles per unit volume, resulting in more frequent collisions between reactants.
- If calcium carbonate powder is used instead of small pieces, the rate of reaction will increase. This is because powder has a larger surface area, allowing for more reactant particles at the interface where the reaction occurs.
- If the volume of acid is increased, the rate of reaction will initially increase but then level off. This is because there will be more reactant particles initially, but the reaction will use them up over time.
- If the
Rate of reaction experiment
The document describes an experiment to measure the rate of reaction between marble chips and hydrochloric acid solutions of different concentrations. Mass measurements were taken over time as the marble reacted with 2.0 M and 1.0 M HCl solutions. The rate of reaction was determined by measuring the loss of mass of the marble samples. A graph comparing the mass loss over time for the two acid concentrations showed that the 2.0 M HCl solution reacted faster than the 1.0 M solution.
Sample Chemistry Coursework 2015 (STPM)
Forestland soil was the most permeable to water, allowing water to pass through in just a few minutes with 0% porosity. Clay soil was the least permeable, not allowing any water to pass through and having 100% porosity. Riverbank soil and beach soil had intermediate permeability, with riverbank soil having lower permeability than beach soil as indicated by the longer time for water to pass through. Porosity and permeability were found to be related, with soils having more pore space (higher porosity) exhibiting lower permeability.
Development of a Respiration Rate Meter –A Low-Cost Design Approach
Measurement of physiological parameters like respiration rate is crucial in field of medicine. Respiration
rate can indicate the state of rhythmic behaviour of heart and proper gaseous exchange in blood. As per
Medical research, respiratory rate is regarded as the marker of pulmonary dysfunction. Respiration rate
meters are used in measuring CO2 in expired air and in apnea detectors. It is also used in daily
physiological tests like stress-o-meter for assessing ones level of stress that he/she can perceive in life after
monitoring respiration rate, pulse rate and heart rate. This paper shed lights on the development of a lowcost
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device is able to measure respiration rate in the range of 0-999 respirations/minute.
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The document describes an experiment to determine how different concentrations of hydrochloric acid affect the rate of reaction with copper (II) powder. A colorimeter will be used to measure the absorbance of light by solutions containing copper (II) and hydrochloric acid over three minutes. Five concentrations of hydrochloric acid will react with 20g of copper (II) powder in separate trials. Variables like temperature, volume, and light intensity will be controlled. Absorbance readings will be taken and used to calculate the order of reaction and compare how concentration impacts the rate. The experiment will be repeated three times for each concentration to collect sufficient data.
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Lab report guidelines UPDATED
The document outlines the sections and content required for a 100 point lab report, including: the purpose, hypothesis, background research, materials and procedures, data and results, and conclusion. Data and results must include labeled diagrams, tables, graphs and calculations. The conclusion must restate the purpose and hypothesis, summarize procedures, explain trends in results, and state whether the hypothesis was correct or possible reasons it was incorrect. The significance of the findings must also be discussed. Proper formatting and citations are required.
Ap biology lab notebook
- The document outlines the requirements for AP Biology lab notebooks including formatting, content, and structure.
- Key requirements include using pencil, including identifying information on the cover, numbering pages, using third person, skipping lines between sections, and following specific formats for confirmation and inquiry labs.
- Sections must include the title, date, pre-lab questions, objective, materials, procedure, data, analysis, conclusion, and be written in a specific format and order.
How To Plan An Experiment
This document provides instructions for designing and conducting a scientific experiment. It outlines the key steps: stating the problem by defining the independent and dependent variables; formulating a hypothesis; listing required materials; designing procedures; collecting organized data in a table; graphing the results; analyzing the data and conclusions by determining if the results support the hypothesis and stating sources of experimental error. The goal is for students to gain experience investigating a question, collecting and analyzing data, and determining conclusions based on evidence.
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The document discusses data analysis and the discussion of findings in research. It provides details on the differences between data analysis and discussion of findings. It explains that data analysis involves evaluating and analyzing collected data using logical reasoning to form findings or conclusions. It discusses important issues in data analysis like using sufficient datasets and samples and not delegating the analysis. It also discusses common components of qualitative data analysis such as data archiving, exploring cases, finding themes and categories. The discussion of findings section explains that this part involves interpreting results in relation to research questions and existing knowledge to demonstrate what is known, differences found, and how findings extend knowledge in the field.
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This document provides instructions for writing a formal laboratory report. It discusses the typical elements of a lab report including the title, statement of problem, hypothesis, methodology, data, results, and conclusion. Students are guided to write a sample lab report for a grassland biodiversity experiment by developing each section, such as writing a hypothesis based on background information and designing a data table and graph. Following a standardized format and including all required elements will help students earn a good grade on their formal lab report.
The Parts of a Lab Report
This is the outline for what a lab report should contain. Refer to your rubric for what you need to turn in.
IMRAD FORMAT
IMRAD format
An acronym for Introduction – Method – Results – and – Discussion. The IMRaD format is a way of structuring a scientific article. It is often used in health care and the natural sciences. Unlike theses in the social sciences, the IMRaD format does not include a separate theory chapter
How do you write an original research article and have it published? – Pubrica
The introduction sets the standard for the rest of your speech. It's divided into three sections: what's known, unknown, and your burning query, hypothesis, or goal Original Research Manuscript Writing Services.
Continue Reading: https://bit.ly/3zlvIxO
For our services: https://pubrica.com/services/physician-writing-services/orginal-research-article/
Why Pubrica:
When you order our services, we promise you the following – Plagiarism free | always on Time | 24*7 customer support | Written to international Standard | Unlimited Revisions support | Medical writing Expert | Publication Support | Bio statistical experts | High-quality Subject Matter Experts.
Contact us:
Web: https://pubrica.com/
Blog: https://pubrica.com/academy/
Email: sales@pubrica.com
WhatsApp : +91 9884350006
United Kingdom: +44-1618186353
Intro Research
Research involves posing questions, designing experiments to answer those questions, collecting factual data through experiments, and rationally interpreting the results. The research process includes defining the problem, designing experiments, making observations and analyzing data, and drawing conclusions. When starting research, one should generate ideas from areas of interest, organize their ideas into a precise question and procedures for collecting and analyzing data, perform the procedures, analyze the results, and compile findings into a report. Common mistakes include failing to analyze data as the experiment proceeds or select an appropriate analysis method. The conclusion of research should summarize key findings and observations, discuss how results prove or disprove hypotheses, identify limitations, and suggest future research.
Results And Analysis
1. The results section should objectively report the findings from the research in a concise manner using figures, tables and text.
2. Key results should be highlighted and described in the context of the questions asked. Control experiments and non-table/figure findings can also be reported.
3. Data should be analyzed and presented in a clear format without interpretation, and the same data should not be presented twice.
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1. The results section should objectively report the findings from the research in text, figures, and tables without interpreting or explaining the results.
2. Figures and tables should complement the text and not repeat the same information. Each figure and table needs a number, caption/title, and should be able to stand on its own.
3. The discussion section provides an interpretation of the results and supports any conclusions drawn, using evidence from the experiment and existing knowledge, and explains the significance and implications of the findings.
The Do's & Don'ts of Lab Reports (McGill SUS Peer Tutoring)
This document provides guidance on writing an effective lab report, outlining the key sections and what they should contain. It discusses the purpose of each section, including the abstract, introduction, materials and methods, results, discussion, references, and supplemental information. For each section, it provides tips on what to include and examples of both good and bad content. The overall document aims to teach students how to properly structure and communicate the key aspects of a science experiment through a formal written lab report.
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The document provides guidance on organizing and structuring an effective report on an event. It recommends determining the presentation style and tailoring the report for different audiences. Key recommendations include tracking important information throughout the event, highlighting the top points rather than including unnecessary details, writing an executive summary, and including visuals like charts, photos and samples to better illustrate the content. The purpose is to concisely communicate the event outcomes, results and key takeaways for sponsors and other stakeholders in a clear and impactful way.
How to write_the_scientific_report.ppt_2
The document provides guidance on how to structure and write an effective scientific report, outlining the main sections including the introduction, methods, results, and discussion, and emphasizing the importance of clearly communicating the objective, methodology, findings, and conclusions of the study. Key aspects of each section are defined, such as stating the hypothesis in the introduction and presenting results objectively without interpretation in tables and figures in the results section. Proper scientific writing conventions including using the past tense to describe completed work and defining abbreviations are also covered.
Lab report writing
This document outlines the key sections and content that should be included in a lab report. It discusses including an informative title, abstract, introduction with purpose and hypothesis, detailed methods section, results with organized data, and a conclusion discussing whether the hypothesis was supported and improvements for the experiment. The lab report provides a clear and detailed analysis of the procedures, data, and findings of an experiment.
How to Write a Lab Report
This document provides guidance on writing an effective lab report, including its typical structure and components. A lab report is a complete record of an experiment that includes enough detail for someone else to replicate the study. It generally consists of a cover page, introduction, statement of objective, materials and methods, results, discussion, references, and sometimes appendices. Each section has a specific purpose and content to include. The document emphasizes writing in past tense, avoiding interpretation in the results section, and providing thorough methodology to allow reproducibility.
4) Writing Reports
This document provides guidance on how to write an effective lab report. It should include a concise title that states what was done and how, an abstract that explains the goal, key findings and importance. The introduction gives background and theory while the experimental section describes the procedure. Results should present pertinent data in a single table or figure with captions. The discussion section explains what the results mean in context of the introduction and objectives. A brief conclusion restates what was found and learned. References should cite journals rather than websites. The report will be graded on these components, scientific rigor, and originality.
Lab Report Assistant Dear Science Student, .docx
Lab Report Assistant
Dear Science Student,
As you will learn from reading your manual, a formal Lab Report represents the
culmination of your experimental activities. It summarizes your actions, observations, and
conclusions, as well as demonstrates to your instructor that you have performed the
experiment and what you have learned from doing so. In addition, the Lab Report usually
forms the basis for your laboratory grade.
To facilitate your report writing and to take some of the formatting drudgery out of
preparing the formal report, a Lab Report Assistant section has been added to this DVD.
When you open one of these files you will see the Experiment Name at the top of the
page. For each lab experiment, relevant procedural sections including necessary
questions to be addressed and tables that should be integrated into the report are
included. An MS-Word document is provided so that you can copy and paste questions
and tables into your lab report document. This will save you time and trouble plus allow
you to input data directly into the pre-formatted tables.
Before writing a lab report, it is helpful to understand what instructors usually believe
constitutes a good lab report and to know the criteria they often use to evaluate students’
reports. On the following page is a copy of a standard lab report grading rubric that is
used by many science instructors. Invest a little time to study it and understand how
instructors usually allocate points when grading reports. Familiarize yourself with the six
standard sections of a lab report and the criteria on which they are evaluated. This will
not only help you write the A+ reports you deserve, it will also help you focus your
attention on the more relevant aspects of your experimentation activities so that you can
better learn and address them in your report.
Understanding science is foundational to understanding ourselves and the world we live
in plus essential to making the informed decisions that will preserve our planet for future
generations. Apart from such lofty goals, it is fun and exciting to study science, perform
hands-on labs, and experience first-hand how nature and the universe work.
All the staff at Hands-On Labs wishes you a wonderful science learning experience as
you work with the LabPaqs we have designed to enrich your course.
Science Laboratory Report Grading Rubric
Developed by Peter Jeschofnig, Ph.D.
TOTAL OUT OF 100 POSSIBLE POINTS ________
Unsatisfactory Borderline Satisfactory Excellent Score
Title Page
Total = 5 pts.
Missing more than two
items, title, or names
0–2 points
Contains title and all
names; but missing two
items
3 point
Contains title and names;
but missing one item
4 points
Contains title, author’s and
partner’s names, course
name, experiment number,
and report dates
5 points
Abstract
Total = 10 pts.
No abstract; incomplete
purpose and/or
incomp ...
Running head SHORTENED VERSION OF TITLE1Title of Your Rese.docx
Running head: SHORTENED VERSION OF TITLE
1
Title of Your Research Study
Author(s) First, Middle Initial (if applicable) and Last Name(s) in Starting with the
Individual who Made the Biggest Contribution (not alphabetical)
Institutional Affiliation(s)
Author Note
The author note is typically used in manuscripts that will be submitted for publication. The author note may provide additional information regarding the affiliations of the authors. It is also used to acknowledge those who contributed to the study, but not at the level of authorship. Lastly, the author note typically includes contact information for at least one author (see APA guide p. 24, section 2.03 & sample paper on p. 41.)
Remember to format the author note using block format (no indents, left or right justification).
Abstract
The abstract is a brief (usually 100-150 words) summary of your experiment. What was your question? What did you do? What did you find? What is your conclusion/interpretation? Try taking the lead sentence or two (but not word-for-word) from your introduction, results and discussion and integrate them into your abstract. Additionally, add a sentence or two describing your procedure, especially if it differs from those typically used to study the phenomenon.
The abstract is page two. Nothing goes on this page except the abstract. Center the word "Abstract" on the page and format in bold-face type. Do not put the title of your paper on this page. Begin typing the abstract on the line directly below the heading.
Notice that the abstract is not indented, and is written in block format. It is also double-spaced. Typically, the abstract is one paragraph in length.
Keywords: type a few words (or phrases) that would be useful if someone was searching for a study similar to this one. For example, if you studied reaction time in a card sorting task your key words might be “card sorting,” “response time” and decision making. (Note: the word “keyword” is italicized and indented.)
Title
On the third page, you typically begin your introduction. Notice that the word "INTRODUCTION" does not appear at the top of the page as many of the other headings do. The title used is the same one that appears on the cover page.
The first paragraph should contain a description of the phenomena that you are studying. Make a general statement about the phenomenon and how it is typically measured. Also, talk about how one might manipulate or influence the outcome (i.e, what variables could potentially influence the results).
Subsequent research should describe previous research that examined the phenomena. These studies serve to provide the rationale for your study. What did the researchers do? What did they find? What did they conclude?
Do this for each study cited. Typically, one or more paragraphs are necessary to explain each study. Try to make the transition smooth from one paragraph to the next. Use transition words (see SIGNAL WORDS hand.
Proof Project The pumping lemma for regular languages .docx
Proof Project
The pumping lemma for regular languages:
If a language L is regular, there exists a constant p ≥ 1 such that every sentence s L of length ≥p can
be written as xyz =s satisfying these three conditions: |y| > 0, |xy| ≤ p, and for all i≥ 0, xyiz L.
L4 = {a
k bn cn | k, n > 0 } {bi c j | i, j ≥ 0 } ∑= {a,b,c}
Note that L4 satisfy the pumping lemma but are not regular.
Write a report and the report (proofs) must be well written grammatically and technically. The quality and
style of your writing is expected to be suitable for publication.
Problem:
a) Use the diagonalization argument to show that the set of functions from the set of natural numbers
to the set {true, false} is not countable. Show how self-refutation is used in the proof.
b) Use the pumping lemma to prove that a subset of L4 is not regular, and then use a closure property
of regular languages to prove that L4 is not regular.
Oregon State University CH 26x Burand
1
The Individual Laboratory Report
Although raw data collected in the laboratory may, of course, be shared amongst group members, the
laboratory report must be the students own, individual work. The laboratory report is not a group
assignment; any plagiarism will result in a zero for the laboratory report score in addition to any other
consequences of academic dishonesty. If you are unsure as to what might constitute plagiarism within
the laboratory report, be sure to ask your TA or instructor before submitting anything.
In general, a scientific paper should:
Be concise but descriptive
Use a past tense, third-person narrative and strong verbs
Be written in paragraph form
Follow the outline provided below
Individual Laboratory Report Rubric (100 points)
Title (5 points)
5 points. A descriptive title that clearly represents the main experimental question and what
was measured (and was not copied from the Project Description). Report author's name and
group member's name(s) are listed.
4 points. An adequate title that mostly represents the main experimental question and what
was measured (and was not copied from the Project Description). Report author's name and
group member's name(s) are listed.
3 points. The title does not make clear what the main experimental question or what was
measured (and was not copied from the Project Description). Report author's name and group
member's names are listed.
2 points. A generic title such as "Lab Report 1" or copied from the Project Description and/or
incomplete list of names.
0 points. Not included.
Abstract (10 points)
This section outlines the purpose of the experiment, the tests carried out, and the measured values
obtained. Details about errors that occurred, etc. should not be included. This section is essentially a brief
summary and should typically be around only four or five sentences in length.
10 points. A clear, concise descripti.
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Lab report guide
- 1. 100 Point Lab Report/Write-Up Guides Lines 2 pts Title: 3 pts Purpose:Explainswhy the research/experimentisconducted/whatyou areanalyzing 5 pts Hypothesis:If/then format…oneforeach experimentyou did 15 pts Background Research: IN YOUROWN WORDS…summarizeyournoteson thetopic…informthereader aboutthe subjectyourare testing…usecitationsif needed (to makesure you are notaccused of plagiarism) 10 pts Materials and Procedures:Detailed list of material; Step-by-step listof how experimentwasconducted….beVERY specific so I can replicate yourexperimentif I wanted to 20 pts Data and Results:Diagrams,tables,pictures,graphs,charts,calculations; Stateindependent,dependentand constantvariables;also statecontrol/controlgroup if necessary; EVERYTHINGmustbe labeled with a caption…do NOT explain results yet,thatwill be in the conclusion…UseMicrosoftEXCEL…makeSCATTERPLOTSand includethe “bestfit line” or “trend line”…Do NOTconnectthe dots!Label theaxes….y-axisshould bedependentvariableof experimentand the x-axisshould betheindependentvariableof theexperiment 40 pts Conclusion:MOSTimportantpart!!!Worth theMOST points!!! Paragraph 1:Restatepurpose,hypothesis,SUMMARIZEyourprocedures, briefly statewhetheryourhypothesis wasright or wrong (you willexplain this later) Paragraph 2:DETAILED explanation of yourresultsand data…referto the charts,tables,graphs,picturesin the Data and Results section of yourreport. Explain the trendson yourgraphs,whatthosetrendstell you about yourexperiment,aboutany unusualresults. This is whereyou put wordsto yourtablesand charts. Itmight be morethan justone paragraph. BETHOROUGH!!! Paragraph 3:Statewhetheror notyourhypothesiswascorrect. It is OK to havean incorrect hypothesis!Do NOT changeit!!! If it is correct, explain why (how yourdata showed yourhypothesiswascorrect). If it wasincorrect (AGAIN…itis OK!!!) makesureand EXPLAIN why it waswrong…basically why thedata did notsupportyour hypothesis. Then explain possiblereasonsforthedata being incorrect, maybewrong calculations,procedures were notfollowed correctly (explain how),incorrectmaterials,etc…list ALL possiblereasons!Explain howthe experimentcould be improved orthe mistakescould havebeen avoided. Statewhatyou should haveorhavenot doneand howthatmightimpact theresults/experiment. Paragraph 4:Summarizeyourresults.Explain the significanceof yourfindings….why yourdata wasimportant (bothcorrectly and incorrect hypothesestell usvaluableinformation!) Explain how yourresultscan beapplied to society/medicine/forensics,etc….thinkoutsidethebox…EVERYTHINGhasan application. Also statewaysyou can extend yourresearch orthe nexttype of experimentyou could do on the topic. ReferencesCited:If you used any outsideresources,you mustwritea referencescited pageand cite thosesources throughoutyourreport. UseMLA stylecitations (Googleit, there are plenty of websitesthatwill do it for you www.citationcenter.net isa good one) Pointswill be addedto backgroundsection 5 pts Format You will be graded on formataswell…labels, unitsincluded in ALL measurements and calculations,NOfirst person usage(no “I,we,me, our,us,you,etc etc)…if a typed lab report:12 pointfont,1 inch margins,doublespaced, Times NewRoman font,nothing Fancy,Each section is titled, in bold and underlined (like this guide)