Lampedusa, Berlin. Travel journal
Europe for Citizens Program – Strand2: Democratic engagement and civic participation
2.3: Civil Society Project
Project: 577736-CITIZ-1-2016-1-IT-CITIZ-CIV
Partner meeting and conference
27-29 April 2017, Budapest (Hungary)
"How to overcome stereotypes about migrants?"
Background of Hungarian Society about diversity
Xenophobia in Hungary
Good practices to overcome xenofobia
Monitoring "What is happening to freedom of speech in Ukraine. State censorship and crackdown on dissent"
In Ukraine, people are judged for dissent.
You can get acquainted with the situation with freedom of speech in Ukraine, state censorship and crackdown on dissent, which was prepared by a human rights group "Uspishna Varta".
Tolerance and Non-Discrimination: Current Situation and Ukraine’s PerspectiveDonbassFullAccess
The outcomes of OSCE Human Dimension Implementation Meeting Warsaw, 26 September 2016 Working session 11: Tolerance and non discrimination, including prevention and responses to hate crimes in the OSCE area and combating racism, xenophobia and discrimination, also focusing on intolerance on religious grounds.
This document summarizes the human rights situation in Colombia based on a United Nations report from July 2008. It finds that serious and systematic human rights violations by state forces and paramilitary groups continue, including extrajudicial killings, torture, arbitrary detentions and forced displacement. The government denies the existence of an internal armed conflict despite the facts on the ground. It pursues a "democratic security" policy that prioritizes military force over human rights and fails to dismantle paramilitary groups or their links to state forces. Peace negotiations with guerrilla groups are also blocked in favor of a military solution.
The document summarizes key points from Amnesty International's 2010 annual report on Serbia. It notes that Serbia made some progress in prosecuting war crimes domestically. However, discrimination against minority communities continued in Serbia and Kosovo, where inter-ethnic violence also persisted. The report documents ongoing issues like torture in prisons, discrimination against Roma people, lack of protections for LGBT people, and attacks against human rights defenders. It calls out Amnesty International for not adequately addressing persecution of minorities in Serbia like Bosniaks, Hungarians, and Albanians.
This document discusses Russian-speaking organized crime groups in the European Union. It begins by noting the growth of transnational criminal organizations since the fall of the Soviet Union. These groups have expanded their activities and influence throughout Europe, dominating criminal worlds in many countries. The document then provides definitions of key terms from international agreements, describing organized criminal groups as structured associations of three or more people working together over time to commit serious crimes. It examines the development and characteristics of Russian-speaking organized crime in Europe, their illegal activities in various EU countries, and the impacts of these transnational criminal groups.
Civil Society Recommendations to the Participants of the OSCE Ministeral Coun...DonbassFullAccess
This document discusses the ongoing humanitarian crisis and human rights issues in the conflict zone in eastern Ukraine. It notes that over 10,000 people have been killed since the conflict began in 2014, with hundreds of thousands displaced. Civilians living near the contact line face constant dangers like shelling and lack access to basic services. Freedom of movement across the line is restricted and human rights are not protected in areas outside of Ukrainian government control. International organizations face obstacles to monitoring the situation and providing aid. While humanitarian groups are working to address the crisis, more efforts are still needed to improve conditions and protection for civilians in the conflict area.
Gender-based violense in the conflict zone of eastern UkraineDonbassFullAccess
The document summarizes the results of monitoring gender-based violence during the conflict in eastern Ukraine between 2014-2016. It finds that both women and men experienced violence, with over half of victims being women. Violence occurred in illegal detention facilities and included rape, sexual abuse, and torture targeting genitals. Women faced additional risks like sexual exploitation and loss of pregnancy due to harsh treatment. Overall, gender-based violence increased during the conflict and remains underreported due to social stigma and lack of legal protections or justice.
Monitoring "What is happening to freedom of speech in Ukraine. State censorship and crackdown on dissent"
In Ukraine, people are judged for dissent.
You can get acquainted with the situation with freedom of speech in Ukraine, state censorship and crackdown on dissent, which was prepared by a human rights group "Uspishna Varta".
Tolerance and Non-Discrimination: Current Situation and Ukraine’s PerspectiveDonbassFullAccess
The outcomes of OSCE Human Dimension Implementation Meeting Warsaw, 26 September 2016 Working session 11: Tolerance and non discrimination, including prevention and responses to hate crimes in the OSCE area and combating racism, xenophobia and discrimination, also focusing on intolerance on religious grounds.
This document summarizes the human rights situation in Colombia based on a United Nations report from July 2008. It finds that serious and systematic human rights violations by state forces and paramilitary groups continue, including extrajudicial killings, torture, arbitrary detentions and forced displacement. The government denies the existence of an internal armed conflict despite the facts on the ground. It pursues a "democratic security" policy that prioritizes military force over human rights and fails to dismantle paramilitary groups or their links to state forces. Peace negotiations with guerrilla groups are also blocked in favor of a military solution.
The document summarizes key points from Amnesty International's 2010 annual report on Serbia. It notes that Serbia made some progress in prosecuting war crimes domestically. However, discrimination against minority communities continued in Serbia and Kosovo, where inter-ethnic violence also persisted. The report documents ongoing issues like torture in prisons, discrimination against Roma people, lack of protections for LGBT people, and attacks against human rights defenders. It calls out Amnesty International for not adequately addressing persecution of minorities in Serbia like Bosniaks, Hungarians, and Albanians.
This document discusses Russian-speaking organized crime groups in the European Union. It begins by noting the growth of transnational criminal organizations since the fall of the Soviet Union. These groups have expanded their activities and influence throughout Europe, dominating criminal worlds in many countries. The document then provides definitions of key terms from international agreements, describing organized criminal groups as structured associations of three or more people working together over time to commit serious crimes. It examines the development and characteristics of Russian-speaking organized crime in Europe, their illegal activities in various EU countries, and the impacts of these transnational criminal groups.
Civil Society Recommendations to the Participants of the OSCE Ministeral Coun...DonbassFullAccess
This document discusses the ongoing humanitarian crisis and human rights issues in the conflict zone in eastern Ukraine. It notes that over 10,000 people have been killed since the conflict began in 2014, with hundreds of thousands displaced. Civilians living near the contact line face constant dangers like shelling and lack access to basic services. Freedom of movement across the line is restricted and human rights are not protected in areas outside of Ukrainian government control. International organizations face obstacles to monitoring the situation and providing aid. While humanitarian groups are working to address the crisis, more efforts are still needed to improve conditions and protection for civilians in the conflict area.
Gender-based violense in the conflict zone of eastern UkraineDonbassFullAccess
The document summarizes the results of monitoring gender-based violence during the conflict in eastern Ukraine between 2014-2016. It finds that both women and men experienced violence, with over half of victims being women. Violence occurred in illegal detention facilities and included rape, sexual abuse, and torture targeting genitals. Women faced additional risks like sexual exploitation and loss of pregnancy due to harsh treatment. Overall, gender-based violence increased during the conflict and remains underreported due to social stigma and lack of legal protections or justice.
The document summarizes discussions from the Donbas Media Forum in June 2017 about the media situation in the Donetsk region of Ukraine. Key topics included reducing "hate speech" in media, building links between government, society, and communities, and conflict-sensitive journalism. Participants represented media, NGOs, and government from Ukraine and internationally. Discussions highlighted issues like a lack of trust between groups, politicization of Donbas issues, and the need for fact-based reporting to reduce manipulation. Recommendations focused on increasing journalistic ethics, checking facts, and improving communication between authorities, media, and the public.
This document provides an update to a 1993 report on the role of information and communications technologies in hate crimes. It discusses hate crime laws and data in the U.S., examines how modern technologies like social media, bots, and video games may be used to advocate for hate crimes, and considers related First Amendment issues. While some criminal groups use online media, the document finds no evidence that electronic communications cause hate crimes or that hate criminals use online media more than other criminals. It recommends continued monitoring of speech that solicits, conspires or aids hate crimes, along with reform of Section 230 internet liability protections.
This document provides an overview of terrorism trends in the European Union in 2017. It finds that the main terrorist threat comes from jihadist terrorism, including both directed attacks from groups like ISIS as well as lone actor attacks inspired by their ideology. Such attacks have targeted civilian populations using methods like bombs, firearms, and vehicles to cause mass casualties. The document also notes that the number of foreign terrorist fighters traveling to conflict zones has decreased but the returning fighters may increase the domestic threat. Other trends discussed include the use of social media for radicalization and recruitment, the targeting of soft targets, and the increasing role of women and youth in carrying out attacks. The level of jihadist terrorist activity in the EU remains high according to arrests
This document summarizes key global risks and events from October 2016 based on a risk bulletin. It discusses several topics:
- Ethiopia declared a 6-month state of emergency following civil unrest. Foreign diplomats face travel restrictions.
- In Indonesia, an IS supporter stabbed 3 police officers with pipe bombs that failed to detonate. Security forces remain on high alert since 2016 Jakarta attacks.
- The US election faces risks of cyberattacks aiming to influence the outcome through information theft, disruption of websites/infrastructure, and disinformation campaigns, particularly from Russia. This could undermine public confidence in election results and democratic institutions.
Observing Social Rights of Internally Displaced Persons (2017)DonbassFullAccess
This document provides a summary of research analyzing the protection of social rights for internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Ukraine as a result of the armed conflict in Eastern Ukraine. Some key findings include:
1) There is no accurate count of the total number of IDPs due to varying data reported by different state bodies. Official figures report over 1.5 million registered migrants or IDP families, but local authorities report different numbers.
2) Common problems reported by IDPs include arrears in pension and aid payments, difficulties obtaining housing or rental assistance, issues with registration of residence and subsidies, and housing utility costs.
3) Pension payments for residents of separatist-controlled areas are only granted from
Mariupol: Living with conflict and post-conflict prospectsDonbassFullAccess
Mariupol is a large industrial city in the south of the Donetsk region. The city is one of the most important industrial centres in Ukraine, since it is home to two major metallurgical companies. The Port of Mariupol is the largest and most well-equipped port on the Sea of Azov, one of Ukraine’s four biggest ports. After armed conflict broke out in the Donetsk and Luhansk regions in 2014, Mariupol became the most important strategic point in the country, a target of clashes between the two opposing sides.
This research looks at the views of the inhabitants of Mariupol and its environs on the local consequences of the conflict, to understand the expectations of citizens, businesses and government officials in terms of minimising the impact of the conflict, and to identify areas of dialogue and cooperation that may be possible among the community, businesses and local authorities in order to address the most pressing local issues.
The research was conducted by the Mariupol Youth Union and commissioned by International Alert with the financial support of the European Union.
The document provides background information on Popasna, Ukraine and summarizes key events regarding its occupation and liberation during the 2014 conflict. It describes how Popasna came under the control of pro-Russian separatist forces in May 2014 but was liberated by Ukrainian troops on July 22, 2014. However, Popasna remained strategically important and faced repeated artillery attacks from separatists using Grads and other rocket launchers throughout the remainder of 2014, resulting in civilian casualties and property damage. The document lists numerous specific dates of artillery attacks on the city during this period.
NEVER ENDING CONFLICT IN SYRIA AND ROHINGYA, THE STUDY AND SOLUTIONSASMAH CHE WAN
INTERNATIONAL LAW
Regarding conflict in Syrian and Rohingya. the history, how the conflict happened, respons from the worldwide countries and suggestions for the solutions.
Poland is a country in Central Europe with a population of over 38 million people. It has a democratically-elected government led by a president and prime minister. Poland has a growing economy focused on manufacturing, and major US companies have a presence there. The US maintains strong diplomatic and military ties with Poland as part of NATO cooperation.
NewsOne Journalist Attacked, Search for "Kremlin Agents" and Prohibition of Parties.
Review of Violations of Civic and Political Rights in Ukraine 17-23 September 2018
Claims of some officials at the state as well as local levels are perceived as state policy directions. However, some messages of state representatives do not correspond to the social and political situation and do not support public reconciliation in the frontline zone.
Pucl statement tripura uapa case - don't criminalise ff enquiriessabrangsabrang
The PUCL strongly condemns the Tripura Police for filing an FIR under the draconian UAPA against a team of advocates from Delhi who conducted a fact-finding inquiry into communal violence incidents in Tripura in October 2021. The FIR was filed in response to the team's report, which found that the violence was orchestrated by Hindu nationalist groups with the tacit support of the police. The PUCL argues that fact-finding is a constitutional right and democratic duty, and that criminalizing it violates fundamental freedoms and human rights. They demand the immediate withdrawal of the FIR and notice against the advocates.
Casr tripura fft uapa cases november 7th 2021sabrangsabrang
1) Four lawyers in Delhi were charged by the Tripura police for conducting a fact-finding mission that documented anti-Muslim violence in Tripura and releasing a report on it.
2) The police also filed charges against 102 social media accounts, including several journalists and activists, for their posts on the Tripura violence. No action was taken against Hindutva groups.
3) The lawyers, social media users, and NGO workers facing charges were attempting to expose the communal violence against Muslims in Tripura last month by Hindutva groups with the complicity of the state government and police.
The document summarizes Amnesty International's concerns about a crackdown on freedom of expression in Palestine. It discusses:
1) Arbitrary arrests, assaults and equipment confiscation against journalists by Palestinian authorities in the West Bank and torture of activists in Gaza by Hamas authorities.
2) A new Electronic Crimes Law passed without proper process that criminalizes online dissent and criticism of authorities, with harsh penalties including imprisonment.
3) Provisions in the law that infringe on rights to free expression and privacy by imposing surveillance, data retention and penalizing anonymous speech online.
Journalists and media in Ukraine - Reporters Without Borders - 2016DonbassFullAccess
The media landscape in Ukraine is dominated by a small number of oligarchs who control major television stations. Television is the main source of news for Ukrainians. While media ownership is officially non-transparent, in practice the public knows that the top stations are owned by oligarchs like Ihor Kolomoysky, Viktor Pinchuk, and Rinat Akhmetov. A new law aims to increase transparency of ownership, but there is skepticism about its implementation as oligarchs still wield political and business influence through their media properties.
The Anti-Corruption Action Centre requests that the US Treasury Department designate Andriy Portnov for sanctions. Portnov is a former Ukrainian official who fled to Russia in 2014 and has strong ties to Russian interests. He conspired with sanctioned Russian agent Andriy Derkach to interfere in the 2020 US presidential election and spread their anti-US disinformation campaign. Portnov also continues undermining Ukrainian democratic institutions by disseminating Russian propaganda and using his influence over the judiciary to advance pro-Russian policies. Based on these actions, the organization requests that Portnov be added to the OFAC sanctions list.
NAPM Final report state repession in uttar pradesh (31st dec, 2019)sabrangsabrang
The document summarizes the situation in Uttar Pradesh, India following widespread protests against the Citizenship Amendment Act. It reports that at least 20 people have died due to police firing and brutality across the state. Over 1,000 people have been arrested and thousands detained, many of them Muslims. There have also been reports of police violence targeting Muslims, destruction of property, and an internet shutdown affecting 21 districts. The response from authorities has widely been seen as aiming to suppress dissent through intimidation and repression.
The Open Dialog Foundation released a statement in response to an article in Wprost weekly that was critical of the foundation. The statement expresses gratitude for media coverage of human rights issues in Kazakhstan but says the article did not support democracy and rule of law. It provides details about the foundation's independent and nonprofit work monitoring elections and supporting political prisoners. The foundation denies claims in the article that it receives funding from Mukhtar Ablyazov or limits its dialogue to just one political group in Kazakhstan.
The report provides a comparative content analysis of newspaper coverage of refugees and asylum seekers in selected newspapers from Finland, the UK, and Belgium from January 1-31, 2016. It finds that Helsingin Sanomat had the most coverage, followed by Aamulehti and The Guardian. The most prevalent theme in all newspapers was sexual harassment reports, while the second most common was the impact on the EU. The Finnish papers also frequently discussed border issues and security, while the British papers focused more on journeys to Europe. Asylum seeker and refugee were the most used terms. The coverage generally took a neutral tone, but perspectives were often Eurocentric with less direct quotes from refugees/asylum seekers.
The report examines how selected newspapers in Finland, the UK, and Belgium covered the situation with refugees and asylum seekers from January 1-31, 2016. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted. The quantitative analysis found that Helsingin Sanomat covered the issue most, followed by Aamulehti and The Guardian. Sexual harassment and the impact on the EU were the most prevalent themes across all newspapers. The Finnish papers also discussed border issues while the British papers focused on journeys to Europe. Qualitatively, the analysis found that the newspapers reported in a neutral tone, prioritizing official sources, and described the situation as a "crisis" impacting Europe.
The document summarizes discussions from the Donbas Media Forum in June 2017 about the media situation in the Donetsk region of Ukraine. Key topics included reducing "hate speech" in media, building links between government, society, and communities, and conflict-sensitive journalism. Participants represented media, NGOs, and government from Ukraine and internationally. Discussions highlighted issues like a lack of trust between groups, politicization of Donbas issues, and the need for fact-based reporting to reduce manipulation. Recommendations focused on increasing journalistic ethics, checking facts, and improving communication between authorities, media, and the public.
This document provides an update to a 1993 report on the role of information and communications technologies in hate crimes. It discusses hate crime laws and data in the U.S., examines how modern technologies like social media, bots, and video games may be used to advocate for hate crimes, and considers related First Amendment issues. While some criminal groups use online media, the document finds no evidence that electronic communications cause hate crimes or that hate criminals use online media more than other criminals. It recommends continued monitoring of speech that solicits, conspires or aids hate crimes, along with reform of Section 230 internet liability protections.
This document provides an overview of terrorism trends in the European Union in 2017. It finds that the main terrorist threat comes from jihadist terrorism, including both directed attacks from groups like ISIS as well as lone actor attacks inspired by their ideology. Such attacks have targeted civilian populations using methods like bombs, firearms, and vehicles to cause mass casualties. The document also notes that the number of foreign terrorist fighters traveling to conflict zones has decreased but the returning fighters may increase the domestic threat. Other trends discussed include the use of social media for radicalization and recruitment, the targeting of soft targets, and the increasing role of women and youth in carrying out attacks. The level of jihadist terrorist activity in the EU remains high according to arrests
This document summarizes key global risks and events from October 2016 based on a risk bulletin. It discusses several topics:
- Ethiopia declared a 6-month state of emergency following civil unrest. Foreign diplomats face travel restrictions.
- In Indonesia, an IS supporter stabbed 3 police officers with pipe bombs that failed to detonate. Security forces remain on high alert since 2016 Jakarta attacks.
- The US election faces risks of cyberattacks aiming to influence the outcome through information theft, disruption of websites/infrastructure, and disinformation campaigns, particularly from Russia. This could undermine public confidence in election results and democratic institutions.
Observing Social Rights of Internally Displaced Persons (2017)DonbassFullAccess
This document provides a summary of research analyzing the protection of social rights for internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Ukraine as a result of the armed conflict in Eastern Ukraine. Some key findings include:
1) There is no accurate count of the total number of IDPs due to varying data reported by different state bodies. Official figures report over 1.5 million registered migrants or IDP families, but local authorities report different numbers.
2) Common problems reported by IDPs include arrears in pension and aid payments, difficulties obtaining housing or rental assistance, issues with registration of residence and subsidies, and housing utility costs.
3) Pension payments for residents of separatist-controlled areas are only granted from
Mariupol: Living with conflict and post-conflict prospectsDonbassFullAccess
Mariupol is a large industrial city in the south of the Donetsk region. The city is one of the most important industrial centres in Ukraine, since it is home to two major metallurgical companies. The Port of Mariupol is the largest and most well-equipped port on the Sea of Azov, one of Ukraine’s four biggest ports. After armed conflict broke out in the Donetsk and Luhansk regions in 2014, Mariupol became the most important strategic point in the country, a target of clashes between the two opposing sides.
This research looks at the views of the inhabitants of Mariupol and its environs on the local consequences of the conflict, to understand the expectations of citizens, businesses and government officials in terms of minimising the impact of the conflict, and to identify areas of dialogue and cooperation that may be possible among the community, businesses and local authorities in order to address the most pressing local issues.
The research was conducted by the Mariupol Youth Union and commissioned by International Alert with the financial support of the European Union.
The document provides background information on Popasna, Ukraine and summarizes key events regarding its occupation and liberation during the 2014 conflict. It describes how Popasna came under the control of pro-Russian separatist forces in May 2014 but was liberated by Ukrainian troops on July 22, 2014. However, Popasna remained strategically important and faced repeated artillery attacks from separatists using Grads and other rocket launchers throughout the remainder of 2014, resulting in civilian casualties and property damage. The document lists numerous specific dates of artillery attacks on the city during this period.
NEVER ENDING CONFLICT IN SYRIA AND ROHINGYA, THE STUDY AND SOLUTIONSASMAH CHE WAN
INTERNATIONAL LAW
Regarding conflict in Syrian and Rohingya. the history, how the conflict happened, respons from the worldwide countries and suggestions for the solutions.
Poland is a country in Central Europe with a population of over 38 million people. It has a democratically-elected government led by a president and prime minister. Poland has a growing economy focused on manufacturing, and major US companies have a presence there. The US maintains strong diplomatic and military ties with Poland as part of NATO cooperation.
NewsOne Journalist Attacked, Search for "Kremlin Agents" and Prohibition of Parties.
Review of Violations of Civic and Political Rights in Ukraine 17-23 September 2018
Claims of some officials at the state as well as local levels are perceived as state policy directions. However, some messages of state representatives do not correspond to the social and political situation and do not support public reconciliation in the frontline zone.
Pucl statement tripura uapa case - don't criminalise ff enquiriessabrangsabrang
The PUCL strongly condemns the Tripura Police for filing an FIR under the draconian UAPA against a team of advocates from Delhi who conducted a fact-finding inquiry into communal violence incidents in Tripura in October 2021. The FIR was filed in response to the team's report, which found that the violence was orchestrated by Hindu nationalist groups with the tacit support of the police. The PUCL argues that fact-finding is a constitutional right and democratic duty, and that criminalizing it violates fundamental freedoms and human rights. They demand the immediate withdrawal of the FIR and notice against the advocates.
Casr tripura fft uapa cases november 7th 2021sabrangsabrang
1) Four lawyers in Delhi were charged by the Tripura police for conducting a fact-finding mission that documented anti-Muslim violence in Tripura and releasing a report on it.
2) The police also filed charges against 102 social media accounts, including several journalists and activists, for their posts on the Tripura violence. No action was taken against Hindutva groups.
3) The lawyers, social media users, and NGO workers facing charges were attempting to expose the communal violence against Muslims in Tripura last month by Hindutva groups with the complicity of the state government and police.
The document summarizes Amnesty International's concerns about a crackdown on freedom of expression in Palestine. It discusses:
1) Arbitrary arrests, assaults and equipment confiscation against journalists by Palestinian authorities in the West Bank and torture of activists in Gaza by Hamas authorities.
2) A new Electronic Crimes Law passed without proper process that criminalizes online dissent and criticism of authorities, with harsh penalties including imprisonment.
3) Provisions in the law that infringe on rights to free expression and privacy by imposing surveillance, data retention and penalizing anonymous speech online.
Journalists and media in Ukraine - Reporters Without Borders - 2016DonbassFullAccess
The media landscape in Ukraine is dominated by a small number of oligarchs who control major television stations. Television is the main source of news for Ukrainians. While media ownership is officially non-transparent, in practice the public knows that the top stations are owned by oligarchs like Ihor Kolomoysky, Viktor Pinchuk, and Rinat Akhmetov. A new law aims to increase transparency of ownership, but there is skepticism about its implementation as oligarchs still wield political and business influence through their media properties.
The Anti-Corruption Action Centre requests that the US Treasury Department designate Andriy Portnov for sanctions. Portnov is a former Ukrainian official who fled to Russia in 2014 and has strong ties to Russian interests. He conspired with sanctioned Russian agent Andriy Derkach to interfere in the 2020 US presidential election and spread their anti-US disinformation campaign. Portnov also continues undermining Ukrainian democratic institutions by disseminating Russian propaganda and using his influence over the judiciary to advance pro-Russian policies. Based on these actions, the organization requests that Portnov be added to the OFAC sanctions list.
NAPM Final report state repession in uttar pradesh (31st dec, 2019)sabrangsabrang
The document summarizes the situation in Uttar Pradesh, India following widespread protests against the Citizenship Amendment Act. It reports that at least 20 people have died due to police firing and brutality across the state. Over 1,000 people have been arrested and thousands detained, many of them Muslims. There have also been reports of police violence targeting Muslims, destruction of property, and an internet shutdown affecting 21 districts. The response from authorities has widely been seen as aiming to suppress dissent through intimidation and repression.
The Open Dialog Foundation released a statement in response to an article in Wprost weekly that was critical of the foundation. The statement expresses gratitude for media coverage of human rights issues in Kazakhstan but says the article did not support democracy and rule of law. It provides details about the foundation's independent and nonprofit work monitoring elections and supporting political prisoners. The foundation denies claims in the article that it receives funding from Mukhtar Ablyazov or limits its dialogue to just one political group in Kazakhstan.
The report provides a comparative content analysis of newspaper coverage of refugees and asylum seekers in selected newspapers from Finland, the UK, and Belgium from January 1-31, 2016. It finds that Helsingin Sanomat had the most coverage, followed by Aamulehti and The Guardian. The most prevalent theme in all newspapers was sexual harassment reports, while the second most common was the impact on the EU. The Finnish papers also frequently discussed border issues and security, while the British papers focused more on journeys to Europe. Asylum seeker and refugee were the most used terms. The coverage generally took a neutral tone, but perspectives were often Eurocentric with less direct quotes from refugees/asylum seekers.
The report examines how selected newspapers in Finland, the UK, and Belgium covered the situation with refugees and asylum seekers from January 1-31, 2016. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted. The quantitative analysis found that Helsingin Sanomat covered the issue most, followed by Aamulehti and The Guardian. Sexual harassment and the impact on the EU were the most prevalent themes across all newspapers. The Finnish papers also discussed border issues while the British papers focused on journeys to Europe. Qualitatively, the analysis found that the newspapers reported in a neutral tone, prioritizing official sources, and described the situation as a "crisis" impacting Europe.
This document is an honors thesis examining the effect of the refugee crisis on EU policy. It provides background on the crisis, including statistics on refugees fleeing to neighboring countries like Turkey, Jordan and Lebanon. It then discusses the strain placed on European systems by the influx of refugees, noting countries like Germany adopted open door policies while others closed borders. The document also examines policies like the Dublin Regulation and challenges like border-free Schengen zones pose for handling migration. Case studies of Germany and Hungary are presented, with differing responses - Germany accepting refugees while Hungary closed borders and took anti-immigration stances. Overall the thesis aims to analyze changing political outlooks in Europe and national responses to the refugee situation.
La be project how to overcome stereotypes - background research spainLampedusaBerlinProject
“Lampedusa Berlin, Travel Journal”, Europe for Citizens Program, Strand2: Democratic engagement and civic participation 2.3: Civil Society Projects
Project: 577736-CITIZ-1-2016-1-IT-CITIZ-CIV
Second Event data Collection
“How to overcome the stereotips about migrants?”
Background research - Spain
This document provides an overview of refugee policies in France and Germany. It begins with an introduction discussing Angela Merkel's open-door policy for Syrian refugees in Germany and the varied responses from other EU countries. Chapter 1 discusses the methodological framework, including a comparative approach and literature review on migration studies in Germany and France. Chapter 2 focuses on Germany, describing Merkel's initial open policy and subsequent restrictions after terrorist attacks. It also examines the rise of far-right parties in response to refugees. The document concludes by analyzing the effects of increased border security in the EU and influence of far-right parties on refugee flows.
Migrating Towards Participation: Immigrants and Their Descendants in the P...thinkingeurope2011
This document analyzes the political participation of immigrants and their descendants in four EU member states: France, Germany, Spain, and Lithuania. It focuses on their participation as voters for center-right political parties and as elected officials. While immigrants make up a growing portion of the population in Europe, political parties have struggled to incorporate them as members, candidates, and elected representatives. The document examines methodology and provides country-by-country analyses of voter participation and numbers of elected immigrants holding office. It concludes with recommendations for political parties to better engage immigrant communities.
EU IMMIGRATION POLICIES:CHALLENGES AND LESSONSJose Magalhaes
Presentation delivered by the Secretário de Estado Adjunto e da Administração Interna (Assistant Minister of the Interior) de Portugal in Japan, in the 19th EU-Japan Journalists Conference, Hakone, April 2007
Migrating Towards Participation: Immigrants and Their Descendants in the P...thinkingeurope2011
This document discusses the lack of political participation and representation of immigrants and their descendants in the European Union. It notes that the immigrant population in the EU is rising and will continue to rise significantly. However, political parties have struggled to incorporate immigrants as party members, candidates, or leaders. This misses an opportunity for parties, especially center-right parties, and risks alienating immigrants. Greater political integration of immigrants is important for social cohesion and preventing radicalization. The document focuses on how center-right parties in particular can better engage immigrants as voters and candidates.
This document is a research paper that analyzes why Germany has become the top destination for asylum-seekers in the developed world. It begins by explaining the methodology used, which included gathering data from sources like the UNHCR and Eurostat on immigration trends, asylum applications, and country of origin for refugees. The data presented shows that the largest groups of asylum-seekers worldwide come from Syria, Iraq, and Afghanistan due to ongoing conflicts. Germany receives the most asylum applications in Europe and has over 10,000 more than the US. The paper suggests Germany's strong economy, positive global image, and flexible immigration policies make it an attractive destination compared to other industrialized nations.
This document provides a literature review and conceptual framework for a dissertation examining Germany's politics of immigration and whether the country is moving toward a multicultural society.
The introduction outlines trends in European immigration and debates around national identity and integration. Chapter 1 defines key concepts like citizenship, integration, assimilation and Europeanization. Chapter 2 briefly examines Germany's history of immigration.
Chapter 3 will analyze Germany's 2000 nationality law reform and debates on cultural assimilation versus integration. Chapter 4 will assess how domestic pressures like demographic changes and skills shortages as well as Europeanization may impact Germany's traditionally ethnocultural conception of citizenship and push the country toward a more civic, pluralistic model.
La be project how to overcome stereotypes - background research germanyLampedusaBerlinProject
Lampedusa, Berlin. Travel journal project
Europe for Citizens Program – Strand2: Democratic engagement and civic participation
2.3: Civil Society Project
Project: 577736-CITIZ-1-2016-1-IT-CITIZ-CIV
Partner meeting and conference, 27-29 April 2017, Budapest (Hungary); "How to overcome stereotypes about migrants?"
Contents: Stereotypes that circulate in the "everyday culture" in Germany; Practices for overcoming stereotypes towards migrants
This document provides an overview of Macedonia's involvement in the migrant crisis based on briefings, presentations, and reports from Macedonian government officials and international organizations. It finds that while Macedonia has taken steps to register and support refugees passing through, the large influx of over 500,000 migrants since October 2015 has strained resources, requiring increased funding support from the EU. Recent policy changes in countries further along the migrant route have also led Macedonia to restrict entry of Afghan migrants.
James Stricker -- Immigration in the NetherlandsJames Stricker
This document provides an introduction and hypotheses for a paper examining immigration policy in the Netherlands and the European Union. It will analyze whether Dutch policy has been shaped more by international factors incentivizing cooperation with the EU, or by domestic political pressures. Key figures and expected findings are outlined to test each hypothesis. If international factors are most important, the Netherlands will likely cooperate in EU initiatives on immigration. If domestic pressures are dominant, the Netherlands may pursue more unilateral policies and be reluctant to cooperate with the EU on immigration issues.
Externalisation of EU immigration policy: a raised drawbridge?Arsenia Nikolaeva
“One refugee is a novelty, ten refugees are boring and a hundred refugees are a menace”.
(Greenhill 2010:1) A look at the externalisation of EU immigration policy and the effect it has on the number of asylum seekers entering the EU borders.
Migration Crisis: International Cooperation and National StrategiesRussian Council
Migration has moved to the top of the global political agenda in recent times. The unprecedented influx of
refugees to Europe, on the one hand, and the high rate of South–North economic migration on the other,
have led to sharp political and public opinion divisions.
Over the last year-and-a-half, the expressions “migration crisis” and “refugee crisis” have become firmly
lodged in the political and journalist discourse. However, to what extent does the term “crisis” reflect the
real state of affairs? And to what extent does it reflect the way it is perceived? What can be done at the
national and international levels to change the situation? What is the current state of international cooperation on migration regulation? What is the outlook for this cooperation in the foreseeable future? And
what is Russia’s place in this cooperation?
The abovementioned issues were discussed during the II International conference “Migration crisis:
international cooperation and national strategies”, that was held on September 22-23, 2016 in Moscow
and organized by Russian International Affairs Council (RIAC) and The Russian Presidental Academy of
National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA). The paper presents the key results of the discussion of the following questions: (1) an analysis of the international migration system over the past half a century; (2) an examination of the demographic, economic, political and humanitarian aspects of the
crisis; (3) a look at the phenomenon of migration in reference to security problems; (4) a review of the state
of international cooperation in migration regulation.
Lampedusa, Berlin. Travel journal
Europe for Citizens Program – Strand2: Democratic engagement and civic participation
2.3: Civil Society Project
Project: 577736-CITIZ-1-2016-1-IT-CITIZ-CIV
Partner meeting and conference
27-29 April 2017, Budapest (Hungary)
Results of the panel:
"How to overcome stereotypes about migrants?"
SUBSCRIBETO LOG IN
CRISIS MIGRATION: A NEW ROLE TRADE UNION?
BY NICOLAS GIANNAKOPOULOS
- 11/21/2015
Originally published in French from Switzerland at Sept.info - http://www.sept.info/club/crise-migratoire-un-nouveau-role-syndical/
Global migration waves
Europe wakes up in full migration crisis. The publication of the lifeless body images of a small Kurdish boy on the tourist beaches of Turkey, whose "picture silenced the world" according to Le Parisien, made the "one" of all European media and beyond. So we expected a real "awareness" among European leaders. A "shock" that did not happen, and did not forget an international reality that has accelerated since more than 10 years.
An Analysis Of Refugee Rights And Human Security A Case Study Of GermanyCheryl Brown
This document provides an analysis of refugee rights and human security in Germany. It discusses how Germany recognizes fundamental refugee rights like employment, residence, education, asylum, healthcare, and security based on its constitution and international agreements. However, refugees still face challenges in Germany like racism, language barriers, limited educational and job opportunities, and limited basic resources. The document examines Germany's role in providing human security to refugees and the policies it has implemented to balance refugee rights and the challenges of the large influx, such as quotas and education integration programs. It focuses on Chancellor Angela Merkel's initially open refugee policies from 2011-2017 that made Germany an attractive destination, and her later adoption of more restrictive policies in response to opposition and budget concerns.
MIGRATION CRISIS EUROPE, SYRIA AND WORLD ROLE TRADE UNION AND MIGRANT WORKERS...businessnewsworld
MIGRATION CRISIS EUROPE, SYRIA AND WORLD ROLE TRADE UNION AND MIGRANT WORKERS DILEMMA?
on the basis of increase in crimes of trafficking, exploitation and smuggling imparted on refugees and how the big NGOs and politicians have acquired Trade Unions like ITUC, ATUC etc to work for their benefits rather than helping migrants
This document discusses immigration in the European Union. It begins with a brief history of immigration in Europe since the 1950s, when countries experienced labor shortages and recruited foreign workers. While initially intended to be temporary, many immigrants stayed permanently. The document then analyzes push and pull factors driving immigration to Europe, such as economic opportunities, family reunification, and instability in home countries. It also examines different national immigration policies in European countries and increasing immigration to Southern Europe since 2000. The conclusion is that immigration is a complex issue for the European Union to manage as free movement has increased.
Similar to La be project how to overcome stereotypes - background research hungary (20)
LaBe Project -10 punti per una nuova politica migratoria in europa final (2)LampedusaBerlinProject
Esistono azioni e strategie per una migliore politica migratoria europea, adeguate al rispetto dei diritti umani e ispirate a quei valori umanitari che dovrebbero essere alla base dell'Unione Europea.
Realizzato all’interno del progetto
“Lampedusa Berlino, diario di viaggio”
www. lampedusaberlin.eu
A pubblication of the project Lampedusa Berlin, Travel Journal, containing the winner and the finalist of the competition "Narrating tha Dialogue", European contest for the narration of experiences of intercultural dialogue.
Narrating the dialogue Workshop.
Telling the meeting of cultures, in the Europe of yesterday and today. They can be personal experiences from which we have learned something about the world and about ourselves; or collective experiences, such as educational and social projects, aimed to enhance intercultural dialogue in the society.
(An initiative of the project "Lampedusa Berlin, travel diary")
Through his pictures and words, Shikhali tells us the story that led him to Paris, drawing on his different experiences, his traumas and his hopes and dreams for the future. http://www.lampedusaberlin.eu/content/shikhalis-story
Lampedusa, Berlin. Travel journal
Partner meeting and conference
27-29 April 2017, Budapest (Hungary)
"How to overcome stereotypes about migrants?"
Research by sozial label on stereotypes
El documento presenta los resultados de una encuesta realizada en el País Vasco sobre percepciones e inmigración. En 3 oraciones o menos:
1) La mayoría de los encuestados considera que el paro, los problemas económicos y la corrupción son los principales problemas de la región, y solo una minoría ve la inmigración como un problema principal. 2) La percepción sobre el volumen de inmigrantes ha disminuido desde 2015, aunque sigue habiendo más personas que creen que es demasiado que poco. 3) La mayoría cree que
Este documento presenta una guía de tres sesiones para sensibilizar a estudiantes de 14 a 18 años sobre los rumores. Cada sesión incluye varias actividades participativas con el objetivo de fomentar el pensamiento crítico sobre los estereotipos, prejuicios y rumores. La guía también proporciona recursos como videos y definiciones para apoyar las discusiones.
Lampedusa, Berlin. Travel journal
Partner meeting and conference
27-29 April 2017, Budapest (Hungary)
"How to overcome stereotypes about migrants?"
OFFERING CULTURE IN EXCHANGE OF CULTURE!
Intercultural approach that aims to break down stereotypes and prejudices.
This is the motto of the Multicultural Bank of Time of SOS Razzismo
By Angela Scalzo
Lampedusa, Berlin. Travel journal
Partner meeting and conference
27-29 April 2017, Budapest (Hungary)
"How to overcome stereotypes about migrants?"
A STUDY ABOUT EXPERIENCES AND INCLUSION OF FOREIGN WOMEN IN ITALY
by SOS Racism, Italy
Lampedusa, Berlin. Travel journal.
Partner meeting and conference
27-29 April 2017, Budapest (Hungary)
"How to overcome stereotypes about migrants?"
Workshop on stereotypes, Rome Liceo Morgagni
March April 2017
Lampedusa, Berlin. Travel journal - Partner meeting and conference - 27-29 April 2017, Budapest (Hungary) "How to overcome stereotypes about migrants?"
Stereotypes and prejudices - Stereotipi e Pregiudizi verso gli immigrati
By Renata Caratelli
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
La be project how to overcome stereotypes - background research hungary
1. This project has been funded with support the Europe for Citizens programme of the European Union. This
communication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use
which may be made of the information contained therein.
1
Lampedusa,
Berlin.
Travel journalEurope for Citizens Program – Strand2: Democratic engagement and civic participation
2.3: Civil Society Project
Project: 577736-CITIZ-1-2016-1-IT-CITIZ-CIV
Partner meeting and conference
27-29 April 2017, Budapest (Hungary)
"How to overcome stereotypes about migrants?"
Background of Hungarian Society about diversity
Xenophobia in Hungary
Good practices to overcome xenofobia
Oltalom Charity Society, Budapest.
Authors: Andras Szalay, Judit Zatyko, Balogi Anna
2. This project has been funded with support the Europe for Citizens programme of the European Union. This
communication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use
which may be made of the information contained therein.
2
Before the second event of the project Lampedusa Berlin, each national work group carried
on some researches to describe some key issues, at national level, in relation to the theme
of the event: "How to overcome stereotypes about migrants?".
Here the results of the Hungarian group.
Diversity of Hungarian Society
In Hungary 13 minorities are recorded as historically and traditionally co-existent:
Bulgarian, Gypsy, Greek, Croatian, Polish, German, Armenian, Rumanian, Rusin, Serbian,
Slovak, Slovenian and Ukrainian. Their rights are declared by the CLXXIXth statute of 2011
on the rights of national minorities. This law states, among others, that religious and cultural
traditions must be respected and all Hungarian citizens belonging to any minority have the
right to the free confession and keeping of their identity. Besides these historically co-
existent minorities, migrants also enrich Hungary’s1
culture.Immigrants started to appear in
greater numbers in the country at the end of the 1980’s.
Before this, during the Communist era, opportunities for immigration were limited and
people mainly came from other Communist (“friendly”) countries, the majority of them with
aim to study. The number of immigrants grew to a certain extent in 2004 when Hungary
joined the European Union. Nearly half of the migrants are made up by those who arrive
from the neighboring countries – the majority of them being Hungarian nationals. The
greatest numbers of foreign citizens staying in Hungary in 2014 are: Rumanian 30 924
(~0,3% of the population), German 18 669 (~0,2% of the population), Chinese 12 716
(~0,13% of the population) and Ukrainian 8317 (~0,08% of the population). Altogether 140
536 foreign citizens were registered in that year.2
Due to its location, Hungary is a transit country: the majority of migrants, refugees
and asylum-seekers intend to move on to Western Europe from here. The number of
residence applications in 2013 was 18 900 (6471 European and 12 429 non-European)
while in 2014 this number was 17 955 (21 865 European and 21 865 non-European). In
2014, 50,15% of non-European asylum-applicants were of Kosovo, 20,56% of Afghan and
16,03% of Syrian origin.3
Analyses say that one reason for the greater number of
applications lies in the fact that in crisis belts safety circumstances have deteriorated
considerably and the other reason is that lots of people set off in hope of improving their
economic circumstances.
The above cited data show that Hungary’s society is not homogenous, however,
foreign citizens still add up only to 2% of Hungarian society and the greatest part of them are
trans-border Hungarian nationals. People belonging to visible and invisible minorities live
and work together with people belonging to the majority and also their children go to school
with children belonging to the majority of society.
1
According to the last census, in 2011, the population of Hungary is 9 849 thousand people. Source:
Central Statistical Office
2
Source: Central Statistical Office
3
Source: Office of Immigration and Citizenship
3. This project has been funded with support the Europe for Citizens programme of the European Union. This
communication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use
which may be made of the information contained therein.
3
Political background
In the past two-three years the climate in the Hungarian society - especially since the
refugee wave the country experienced during the summer of 2015- doesn’t help to mop up
xenophobic and racist attitudes.
Various populist parties operate in the Hungarian parliament who, building on
people’s fears, convey messages which simplify reality and offer simple, plain and easily
understandable solutions to problems.
Between 2008 and 2009, some men with far-right views carried out attacks on Roma
people. The armed assaults in nine settlements of Eastern Hungary cost the lives of six
people while many other were severely wounded. Three of the perpetrators were sentenced
to life imprisonment and one to thirteen years of penal servitude.4
Xenophobia appears in the governmental rhetoric as well. In 2010, one of the far-
right parties was arguing for the existence of gypsy delinquency in its campaign TV spot.
The spot was broadcast on TV for weeks.5
In 2015 Hungary’s Prime Minister said at an EU summit in Strasbourg that Hungary
is homogenous in its culture and way of thinking, which he considered a great asset. Further
on he stated that Hungary had never been a multicultural society and that it has no
experience with abundant flows of immigrants while other countries, which used to have
colonies, are better prepared for the arrival of greater groups of people.6
In May, 2015, the government sent a letter to each and every Hungarian citizen.7
In
the introduction of it, Viktor Orbán cites the example of the terrorist attacks on the French
caricaturists with the conclusion that Europe cannot tackle the issue of immigration properly.
The letter says Hungary must look after itself and has to protect itself against economic
immigrants who cross the borders in the hope of getting social benefits. The questionnaire in
the letter contains suggesting questions. Among others, it claims that immigration has grown
twenty-fold in Hungary recently. One of the questions asks whether the respondent is afraid
of Hungary becoming the target of a terrorist attack. The letter enquires whether the citizen
feels Brussels is tackling the issue of immigration improperly, which is connected to the
spreading of terrorism. The letter also asks whether the citizen agrees that the government
should handle the issue of immigration in a stricter way than the EU does. According to data
gathered in June, 2015, some 200 000 questionnaires were sent back by respondents. The
consultancy questionnaires are also be available online, which is intended to enhance
readiness for participation.
4
Source: http://hvg.hu/itthon/20150508_Romagyilkossagok_masodfokon_is_orokre_bor [20.06.2017.]
5
Source:https://internetfigyelo.wordpress.com/2010/09/25/allami-cenzura-a-ciganybunozes-es-a-
multikvedelmeben-vona-gabor-sajtotajekoztatoja/
6
Source:
http://index.hu/kulfold/eurologus/2015/05/19/orban_sosem_voltunk_multikulturalis_tarsadalom/
[20.06.2017.]
7
The questionnaire is available here in digital format:
http://www.kormany.hu/download/7/e2/50000/nemzeti_konzultacio_bevandorlas_2015.pdf
[20.06.2017.]
4. This project has been funded with support the Europe for Citizens programme of the European Union. This
communication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use
which may be made of the information contained therein.
4
In June, 2015 several posters 8
leaked out on which the government expresses its
views on immigrants. The posters display sentences such as: „If you come to Hungary you
mustn’t take away Hungarians’ jobs.” or „If you come to Hungary you must respect our
culture.” Civil organizations expressed their anger over the posters and asked their
supporters to damage them. Public posters became memes on the internet within a few days
and various transcripts were also made of them.9
In the case of Hungary, we can speak about not only mental, but also physical
barriers. On the 17th of June 2015, the government of Hungary decided to build up a fence
alongside the Hungarian-Serbian border in order to close the frontier. The Parliament
accepted the modification of the Law 2015 CXXVII which disposed about the closing of the
border.The fence is one hundred-seventy five km long and four meters high. The hurdle was
ready in record time with the participation of the Hungarian Army and public workers from
the nearby area. All together 22,2 milliard HUF was spent on the construction. Two days
before the appointed deadline, on the 29th of August, 2015, the fence was set. The barrier
on the Hungarian-Serbian border was a first in the line of many future border closings. By
2017, Hungary closed its borders with Romania and Croatia as well.
In October, 2016 a national census was ordered with the suggestive question: Do
you want to allow the European Union to mandate the resettlement of non-Hungarian
citizens to Hungary without the approval of the National Assembly?”. Even though the
census was invalid, since 98,36 % of the voters answered with a no to the question, the
government communicated a successful result.
8
Source:http://index.hu/belfold/2015/06/02/teljes_fordulatszamra_kapcsolt_a_kormany_menekultellen
es_kampanya/?utm_source=mandiner&utm_medium=link&utm_campaign=mandiner_201506
[06.20.2017]
9
Source: http://hvg.hu/itthon/20150608_Galeria_Sorra_rongaljak_meg_a_kormany_bev [06.20.2017]
5. This project has been funded with support the Europe for Citizens programme of the European Union. This
communication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use
which may be made of the information contained therein.
5
However, besides the tokens from the government, the civil sector also tried to solve
the imminent refugee crisis. Grassroot organizations, such as Migration Aid, Migrant
Solidarity Group for Hungary, Oltalom Charity Society, Menedék Hungarian Association for
Migrants, jointly with citizens started their own ‘campaign’ in order to provide psychological
first aid and assistance for those who had to leave their country of origin.
Xenophobia in Hungary
A 2012 research of Political Capital suggests that, after Latvia, Hungary is the second
least tolerant country in the EU. Xenophobia in the country – just like in other European
countries – does not appear as an economic and sociological problem but has a symbolic
nature. As statistical data show, fewer migrants arrive in Hungary than in the other European
countries. This fact has a two-sided impact on Hungarians’ xenophobia, which is not
targeted at particular groups but to immigrants in general who are uniformly perceived as
aliens.
The category of refugees for the average people is broader than that of the legal
classification. Since Hungarians lack sufficient personal experience and information, many of
the population experience difficulties to define who is a refugee. People prone to merge
everyone, who is living or working, here has low socioeconomic status and without a western
origin, into the category of refugees. In addition, their image of migrants is mainly shaped by
political and media discourses.[Gimes et al., 2008].
TÁRKI (Social Research Institute) has been carrying out surveys for 20 years among
the Hungarian adult population to gain information on attitudes regarding immigrants and
migrants. In a survey in April 2015, about whether all asylum-seekers should be admitted to
the country, 46% of respondents plainly refused the option, 45% would consider the
possibility on the basis of nationality/ethnicity and only 9% think all asylum-seekers should
be admitted. Those, who would consider upon ethnicity, would refuse immigrants of Arab
origin with an overwhelming majority (94%).
In 2013 xenophobia was somewhat milder: 39% of respondents were xenophobic,
51% would have consider and 10% was pro-alien.10
A „Tolerance” questionnaire made by György Ligeti and the Kurt Lewin Foundation
examined the prejudices of school aged children [Ligeti, 2006]. In one part of the survey
children were shown pictures and asked what they think of the person in the picture, what
his/her job might be and what characteristics he/she might have. A little later, students had
to answer the same questions based on the names of the people shown in the pictures. The
pictures showed people of Gypsy and Jewish origin but their image did not unambiguously
indicate their origin while their names did have reference on it. For example, seeing the
picture of a Gypsy girl engendered positive descriptions while on hearing her name, children
gave negative characterizations. Besides these, schoolchildren’s tolerance and acceptance
towards the Austrian, Slovakian and the Rumanian were measured by the Bogardus-scale.
Nearly 40% of students would be happy with an Austrian, 32% with a Slovakian and 20% of
them with a Rumanian deskmate.
The scope of questions was widened to several minorities in Hungary (e.g.:Gypsies
and Jews). 44% of the students would be disturbed by a Gypsy and 18% of them would be
10
Source: Omnibusz research by TÁRKI (1998-2012)
6. This project has been funded with support the Europe for Citizens programme of the European Union. This
communication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use
which may be made of the information contained therein.
6
disturbed by a Jewish desk-mate. Weighting the different average values, Ligeti and his
colleagues found that approximately one-third of the children would not refuse any minority
group at all when talking about desk-mates and only 11,5% would refuse more than 5
groups in such a situation. In the course of the survey, students were presented
stereotypical statements about Jews and Gypsies (e.g.: „Gypsies like to steal.”). Results
derived from the survey showed that stereotypes connected to Gypsy people indeed exist
(59% of students think they like to steal), however, empathy is also present among students
(42% think that Roma people don’t work because they can’t get jobs).
According to a survey made among minorities in Hungary in 2009, the Chinese and
the Vietnamese were struck by the highest degree of discrimination. More than half of the
respondents gave account of having been discriminated on the basis of their origin. Of trans-
border Hungarian nationals, one-third had experienced discrimination and it was Turkish
nationals in Hungary who experienced the least amount of discrimination, only one-tenth of
them were affected by some kind of it. The fields of life where minorities experience
discrimination also show some diversity. People of Ukrainian origin are mostly discriminated
in public offices, the Vietnamese are discriminated at the police while the Chinese
experience it in all fields of life.
Legal regulation of discrimination in Hungary
The 269th §14 of the Hungarian Criminal Code penalizes open and public instigation
to hatred under the name of „incitement against communities” and paragraph C of § 269
penalizes the denial of the Holocaust. The Civil Code defines the offence against human
dignity as a breach of personality rights thus hate-speech can be prosecuted in a civil legal
process, as well. However, such enforcement of rights is greatly hindered by the fact that
breach of rights can only be declared if the object of hate-speech is a clearly identifiable
person, so hate-speech targeted at groups cannot be prosecuted in the framework of this
law.11
Other decrees and statutes in the topic are the following:
• Signing the Geneva Refugee Convention in 1989.
• The Dublin Treaty of 1990 and its successor The Dublin Decree in 2003.
• Hungary also ratified the European Convention of Human Rights in 1992.
• The CXXVth Act of 2003 (Ebktv.) on equal treatment and promotion of equal
Opportunities.
Good practices
Oltalom Sport Association: Welcome To The Pitch-Fair Play Football
(http://www.oltalom.hu/rovat.php?id=112&lang=en&mid=999https://www.fac
ebook.com/Oltalom-Sportegyes%C3%BClet-262757147107057/)
Throughout a national tournament, local amateur teams in various cities/villages play
against Oltalom Football Team in 2*10 minutes ‘mini-games’. There is no referee during the
matches. The two teams with the help of a mediator set up their own rules regarding their
match (i.e. how to celebrate the goals; how many points each goal takes, etc.). The game is
recorded which helps the teams to evaluate their game together with their mediator.
Residents of the specific location of the tournament have the chance to meet migrants and
11
Source: http://mediajogfigyelo.hu/index.php?do=a&id=3045 [20.06.2017]
7. This project has been funded with support the Europe for Citizens programme of the European Union. This
communication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use
which may be made of the information contained therein.
7
refugees in a ‘non-forced’ situation. They have the possibility to meet and socialize in the
field of sport where it does not matter where people come from or what is their religion, only
that they share the passion for the game.
Menedék- Hungarian Association for Migrants: Inclusive kindergartens and
schools
(http://menedek.hu/en
https://www.facebook.com/menedekegyesulet/)
The activity takes place in the involved kindergartens and schools from different cities
throughout the country. with the participation of the kindergartners and teachers working
there together with social workers and various volunteers from different places. The age-
range of the participating children is from three until fourteen (kindergarten and primary
school). Community development and sensitizing sessions in the participating kindergartens
and schools. After-school programs for Hungarian and migrant children together. Providing
teacher forums in the partner institutions to share experiences and offering experts’ lectures
on educating migrant children.
Menedék- Hungarian Association for Migrants - Workmanship and
competency
The NGO offers Training for policemen and armed security guards and other
professionals working in closed facilities. The implementation of the project is in co-operation
with the National Police Headquarter.
Odeon Publisher and Loaner Ltd - ColourSchool
(http://colourschool.hu/english.html
https://www.facebook.com/Colourschool/)
8. This project has been funded with support the Europe for Citizens programme of the European Union. This
communication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use
which may be made of the information contained therein.
8
Colour school is a complex sensitizing program for high-school students. The aim of
the project is to broaden the knowledge of students regarding migration, to foster social
sensibility, and to raise awareness and openness towards migration. The implementation of
the project is by teachers, migrant and film experts.
During the program, experts met three times with the participating classes for a
preparatory discussion. In addition, as part of the provision, students saw movies dealing
with the topic of migration. Discussion followed the screening during which student were able
to process their experiences regarding the movies. Besides involving emotionally the
students, aim of the discourse was also to simulate life situations that can happen to
someone in his/her migrant life. Furthermore students acquired knowledge about how to use
’movie-language’ in practice.
It is essential, that students have first hand experiences with migrants, thus in the
course of the program, students also met migrant people living in Hungary at the time.
In between the meetings, the classes had homework, such as to create something
based on an experience with a migrant (it could be a movie, a drawing, an interview, a novel,
etc.). Based on the gained experiences, they had to compile a questionnaire and made their
friends, family etc. to fill in. Besides obtaining the knowledge about how to produce a survey,
students became experts on migration-integration and share their knowledge with their
narrower and broader ambience.
Our New Neighbours - Ferencváros Community Foundation (FCF)
(http://ferencvarosi.kozossegialapitvany.hu/)
The aim of the project on one hand is to integrate “our new neighbours” (people of
migrant and different ethnic background, connected to our district, i.e. living and/or working
here) into the activities and opportunities of the Foundation.
On the other hand, to make migrants visible to the community to influence public opinion and
brand the district as a "District of Colour and Diversity”. With this we would like to show the
strengths inherent in diversity.
During the implementation, a map the migration landscape of Ferencváros is made.
Based on the map, migrants will be found and interviews will be conducted with 25-30
people. From the interviews, 3-4 video-interviews will be done with people of
migrant/different ethnic background living in the district. Part of the project is also an event
together with the interviewees and to organise an awareness raising campaign using the
visual portraits.
Foreigners in my backyard; Foreigners in my backyard- Manual - Palantir
Movie Foundations
(http://idegenekakertemben.hu/idegenek-a-kertemben-bemutatkozas/)
The project aims to collect documentaries that focus on the phenomenon of
migration. The movies depict the lifestyle, the difficulties, the successes and the coping
mechanisms of migrants living in Europe through individual and also ‘group’ eyes.Through
lifelike characters the movies try to strengthen tolerance in the hosting society and decrease
prejudices. The Manual is the continuation of the migration documentary collection, as a
toolkit for teachers and educators, how to organize workshops in which the movies can be
used.