The document summarizes the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire in the early 16th century. It describes how Francisco Pizarro led expeditions along the South American coast in 1526 and 1531. In 1532, Pizarro's forces kidnapped the Inca ruler Atahualpa and demanded a large ransom be paid. After Atahualpa was executed, the Spanish faced some resistance from Inca generals but were able to defeat them with the help of local allies. Pizarro went on to found several cities and take control of the northern part of the empire. An expedition to find the legendary golden city of "El Dorado" ended unsuccessfully after facing hardship and disease.

1. Antonio Martín
Conquest of the
Tahuantinsuyo

2. THE ARRIVAL OF THE SPANIARDS
After the colonizers were already settled for a few decades in the Caribbean and
Panama, they received news about a rich country that existed in the south. In 1524, a
private enterprise of conquest and colonization, led by Francisco Pizarro and Diego de
Almagro was organized.

3. Pizarro led an expedition through the South
American coast in 1526, which first came to
the shores of Ecuador. They moved south, but
they had difficulty keeping the expedition and
came back, leaving a small group. After facing
difficulties, the two heads again organized a
new expedition in 1531 to cross the coast to
Tumbez once again. There, they disembarked
and moved to areas where they had heard
there were great riches.

4. Kidnapping and Death of Atahualpa
 The invaders heard about the war between Huascar
and Atahualpa and that this latter had won. They
found the weakness of the empire and looked for
the support of several chiefs who were against
Atahualpa, and made agreements with them. They
moved from the coast to the interior without
resistance. They set a trap for Atahualpa. They
waited for him in the square of Cajamarca, and
pretended to want just a dialogue with him.
 As soon as Atahualpa went to the square with all
his companions, he was approached by the monk
Valverde, and showed a cross and a Bible.
Atahualpa didn’t seem to understand and after
taking a look to those things, he put aside the Bible.
That was the signal for the Spaniards, who were
hiding, to come out with their weapons and took
him prisoner.

6. The kidnapping of Atahualpa caused
confusion among indigenous peoples. His
capture, and alliances among Spaniards
and some indigenous who were against
Atahualpa, prevented Incas with a
coordinated defense.
The conquerors demanded a ransom for
Atahualpa. A large amount of gold was
collected in the empire and handed to
Pizarro. Little later, Atahualpa was
subjected to a sham of a "trial" and
sentenced to death. Atahualpa was
executed after forcing him to be baptized.

7. Military Resistance and Defeat
 In northern Tahuantinsuyo, several generals of Atahualpa
organized a resistance, but they were defeated by the
Spaniards. They were supported by entire villages of
disgruntled Indians that were in favor of the conquerors.
Sebastian de Benalcázar _ was chosen by Pizarro to occupy
the northern Tahuantinsuyo. To justify their right to conquer
these territories against another Spanish expedition that
came from the present Colombia, they founded the city of
Santiago de Quito in August 1534, near present Riobamba.
Then, they founded San Francisco de Quito, near Ambato.
 In December of that same year, Pizarro took possession of
the present city of Quito, which was a little destroyed (first
by its indigenous defenders and then by the conquerors). The
most remarkable resistance leader was the general
Rumiñahui, who was executed after being defeated in Quito.

8. Glossary
Expedition. Group of conquerors
made for explorations and
possessions of territories.
Kidnapping. To take one or more
people by force and keep them
prisoners in order to force their
relatives to pay a ransom to liberate
them.

9. The Search for “El Dorado”
 The conquerors were constantly tempted by the legends
that indigenous told them, and decided to find a legendary
kingdom with so much wealth where supposedly its king
took daily a shower with gold and precious stones. In
Quito, they heard that the kingdom was located in the
unknown lands of the East, and Pizarro organized an
expedition of hundreds of Spaniards and thousands of
indigenous people to find it.
 They began the journey and, before long, a group of
conquerors who came from Guayaquil joined them
(Commander Orellana). They faced great difficulties,
famine and many deaths. They were attacked by the local
indigenous peoples and also by tropical diseases.

10. The Search for “El Dorado”
 Because not everyone could move forward, Pizarro ordered
Orellana to explore the river with a small boat. By the Napo
River, they reached the great river Marañon or Amazons, on
February 12th, 1542. Over there, they went out to the Atlantic
and ended up in Spain.
 The Quito expedition, on the other hand, affected by hunger
and diseases, returned to Quito. This is how the Spaniards
arrived to the great river. They called it “Amazon” because
some women warriors “the Amazons” lived over there, and
fought hard to the conquerors. (Trailer)