The document discusses various types of urban residential forms and the urban factors that influence them. It analyzes factors like thickness of development, coefficient of intensity (floor area ratio), number of dwellings per hectare, and number of residents per hectare. These factors are examined for single-family detached houses, row houses, grouped forms, urban villas, towers, urban blocks, section structures, corridor buildings, terraced structures, hill-type structures, and duplex structures. Typical values are provided for the urban factors based on each residential form type.

1. Dr. Alexander Slaev
Housing forms
- urban factors

2. Significance an types of urban factors
and features of the residential forms

Significance of the urban factors
According to all market enquiries and studies people prefer single-family
housing to multi-family, however the share of multifamily housing in the
world is constantly increasing. The truth is that most people prefer
single-family houses, only if they don't take into account the urban
factors and the related social, economic and ecologic features. Multifamily housing exists for to let people live together in large numbers in
urban space.
That is why the Coefficient of Intensity (koef.izkoristenosti, FAR –Floor
Area Ratio) is an integral factor of the residential forms. However, if
FAR is extremely high, there will be no open spaces and the natural
features of environment will be lost. With this respect the Density of
Development (thickness) is most meaningful.
Thickness of Development
This is the ratio between the footprint of the building and the floor area.
This is characteristic for open spaces and potentiality for greenery.
In principle the higher the rise of the buildings, the lower the Thickness
of Development


3. Urban factors of the residential forms

Coefficient of Intensity (koef.izkoristenosti, FAR –Floor Area
Ratio)
the ratio between the total floor area (total of all floors) and the area of
the plot.
This Coefficient is an integral factor, because it shows howmany
dwellings can be accommodated in a given area of land (a comparison
between Europe, USA, Australia and Honkong and Shanghai is most
meaningful)
Low < 0.5 < Medium < 1.3 < High < 3.0 < Very High
 Number of Dwellings per hectare (Dwelling Density) Nett/ Gross
The ratio between the number of dwellings and the area of the plot or
land area
This index is partially informative about the number of residents that
can be accommodated in an area, because in dwellings different in
size different number of residents may live
Low < 30 < Medium < 150 < High < 300 < Very High
 Number of Residents per hectare (Residential Density) Nett/ Gross
The ratio between the number of residents and the land area
Most meaningful index about one of the main objectives of housing –
to accommodate larger number of residents in an area
Low < 60 < Medium < 300 < High < 700 < Very High

4. Single family forms and Freestanding
Multi-family forms – urban factors
Residential
forms
Typical
Thickness
of dvlpmnt
Typical
Nett
Intensity
Nett Nr of
Dwellings/
ha
Nett
Resident.
Density
Single-family
detached houses
10-30%
0.1-0.6
10-120
20-120
Single-family row houses
30-45%
0.6-0.9
40-100
90-200
Single-family –
grouped forms
40-70%
0.5-0.7
60-100
100 - 200
Urban villas
35-50%
1.0 -1.5
100-250
250 - 700
Residential towers
30-35%
2.5-7.0
350-1100
600 - 2000

5. Urban block and section structures and
corridor buildings – urban factors
Residential
forms
Typical
Thickness of
dvlpmnt
Typical
Nett
Intensity
Nett Nr of
Dwellings/
ha
Nett
Resident.
Density
Urban block str-res
– low+ medium rise
– high-rise
45-60%
35-50%
1.5-3.0
3.5-6.0
200-350
450-900
400-800
900-2000
Section structures
– low+ medium
rise – high-rise
35-50%
25-35%
1.0-3.0
3.5-6.0
100-350
400-850
300-800
800-2000
40-50%
35-40%
35-45%
35-40%
1.5-2.5
3.5-6.0
1.5-2.5
1.5-5.0
150-350
400-850
100-300
150-600
350-800
800-2000
300-800
400-1200
Corridor buildings
– low+
medium rise
–
high-rise
– 1-sided corridor
– duplex corridor

6. Terraced, hill-type and duplex
structures – urban factors
Residential
forms
Typical
Thickness
of dvlpmnt
Typical
Nett
Intensity
Nett Nr of
Dwellings/
ha
Nett
Resident.
Density
Terraced forms on
steep slopes
60-80%
1.0-1.5
100-150
200-500
Hill type and highrise terraced
60-70%
(мн.ет 35-60%)
1.5-2.5
(мн.ет
-2,5-4.5)
150-250
(мн.ет 250-500)
300-700
(мн.ет 700-1400)
Duplex structures
35-45%
1.2-1.8
150-250
300-700
Combined
(terraced+ duplex)
35-40%
1.2-2.8
150-359
300-800

7. Terraced, hill-type and duplex
structures – urban factors
Residential
forms
Typical
Thickness
of dvlpmnt
Typical
Nett
Intensity
Nett Nr of
Dwellings/
ha
Nett
Resident.
Density
Terraced forms on
steep slopes
60-80%
1.0-1.5
100-150
200-500
Hill type and highrise terraced
60-70%
(мн.ет 35-60%)
1.5-2.5
(мн.ет
-2,5-4.5)
150-250
(мн.ет 250-500)
300-700
(мн.ет 700-1400)
Duplex structures
35-45%
1.2-1.8
150-250
300-700
Combined
(terraced+ duplex)
35-40%
1.2-2.8
150-359
300-800