KU KLUX KLAN ACT
Provides information as to the REASONS why the FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION, JUDICIAL COMPLAINTS and CONGRESSIONAL COMPLAINTS Filed by Vogel Denise Newsome are being OBSTRUCTED from being PROSECUTED!
Garretson Resolution Group appears to be FRONTING Firm for United States President Barack Obama and Legal Counsel/Advisor (Baker Donelson Bearman Caldwell & Berkowitz) which has submitted a SLAPP Complaint to OneWebHosting.com in efforts of PREVENTING the PUBLIC/WORLD from knowing of its and President Barack Obama's ROLE in CONSPIRACIES leveled against Vogel Denise Newsome in EXPOSING the TRUTH behind the 911 DOMESTIC TERRORIST ATTACKS, COLLAPSE OF THE WORLD ECONOMY, EMPLOYMENT violations and other crimes of United States Government Officials. Information that United States President Barack Obama, The Garretson Resolution Group, Baker Donelson Bearman Caldwell & Berkowitz, and United States Congress, etc. do NOT want the PUBLIC/WORLD to see. Information of PUBLIC Interest!
The Fourteenth Amendment was Never Constitutionally Ratified — Thus, Anchor B...Jonathan Henderson
The question is not of the Fourteenth Amendment’s constitutionality because the Fourteenth Amendment does not exist as was determined by Congress.. The true concern is how this may provide President Obama ammunition to issue an executive fiat amendment based on a precedent of a constitutional amendment ratified under unconstitutional methodology. Therefore, what transpired in 1868 may have fully nullified the Constitution’s legitimacy for all time.
In March 2, 1917, the Jones Act was approved granting U.S. citizenship to people born in P.R. and providing the residents of P.R. with a “Charter of Rights.” That Bill of Rights included inter alia the “due process” of law when a citizen's life, liberty or property are violated; the right to “Habeas Corpus”; prohibition of ex post facto laws; the just compensation for expropriated property; the right to bail; the right to be innocent until proven guilty; the right to freedom of speech and press; and numerous other provisions under the Constitution of the United Together. In 1948, the U.S. Supreme Court expressed in Foley Brothers Inc. v. Filardo, 336 U.S. 281, that it was a well-established principle of law that all federal legislation applies only within the territorial jurisdiction of the United States unless a contrary intent appears. It was later established that P.R. was to be subject to the Congress’ plenary powers under the “territorial clause” of Article IV, sec. 3, of the U.S. Constitution and that due to the establishment of the Federal Relations Act of 1950 all federal laws that are “not locally inapplicable” were to be automatically the law of the land in P.R.
In 1951, the U.S. Congress approved Public Law 600, authorizing P.R. to draft its own constitution. In July 25, 1952, the Puerto Rican Constitution was approved by a popular referendum and ratified by the U.S. Congress, with a “few amendments.” U.S. maintained an ultimate sovereignty over P.R. while at the same time it gave Puerto Ricans certain degree of autonomy over the island. Under the Territorial Clause, the autonomy recognized to the island has being interpreted by the U.S. Congress as recognition of the sovereignty over the island. In 1976 the U.S. Supreme Court indicated that the purpose of Congress in the legislations of 1950 and 1952 was to accord to P.R. the degree of autonomy and independence normally associated with a State of the Union. In that same year the Puerto Rican Supreme Court, posed with the question of what should be the relationship between the 4th Amendment of the Federal Constitution, and section 10 of article II of the Puerto Rican Constitution, concluded that P.R. remains subject to the will of Congress as to what rights are applicable and which not and that 4th Amendment describes the minimum level of security to be recognize by states, borders that can be expanded but not reduced. In short, because more than 150 years of constitutional development and civil rights struggles around the world as well as the “Universal Declaration of Human Rights” and the “American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man,” both from 1948, were taken into account, P.R. was be able to draft a Bill of Rights more extensive and progressive than the one written by the drafters of the U.S. Constitution in the 18th century. In response to that struggle the P.R. Constitution recognizes the constitutional rights of the U.S. Constitutio
The Constitution is an Enforceable Contractable1appeal
The US Constitution is a contract between the governement and the US Citizen enforceable by a court of law.
See the Constitution here: http://www.constitution.org/constit_.htm
The Fourteenth Amendment was Never Constitutionally Ratified — Thus, Anchor B...Jonathan Henderson
The question is not of the Fourteenth Amendment’s constitutionality because the Fourteenth Amendment does not exist as was determined by Congress.. The true concern is how this may provide President Obama ammunition to issue an executive fiat amendment based on a precedent of a constitutional amendment ratified under unconstitutional methodology. Therefore, what transpired in 1868 may have fully nullified the Constitution’s legitimacy for all time.
In March 2, 1917, the Jones Act was approved granting U.S. citizenship to people born in P.R. and providing the residents of P.R. with a “Charter of Rights.” That Bill of Rights included inter alia the “due process” of law when a citizen's life, liberty or property are violated; the right to “Habeas Corpus”; prohibition of ex post facto laws; the just compensation for expropriated property; the right to bail; the right to be innocent until proven guilty; the right to freedom of speech and press; and numerous other provisions under the Constitution of the United Together. In 1948, the U.S. Supreme Court expressed in Foley Brothers Inc. v. Filardo, 336 U.S. 281, that it was a well-established principle of law that all federal legislation applies only within the territorial jurisdiction of the United States unless a contrary intent appears. It was later established that P.R. was to be subject to the Congress’ plenary powers under the “territorial clause” of Article IV, sec. 3, of the U.S. Constitution and that due to the establishment of the Federal Relations Act of 1950 all federal laws that are “not locally inapplicable” were to be automatically the law of the land in P.R.
In 1951, the U.S. Congress approved Public Law 600, authorizing P.R. to draft its own constitution. In July 25, 1952, the Puerto Rican Constitution was approved by a popular referendum and ratified by the U.S. Congress, with a “few amendments.” U.S. maintained an ultimate sovereignty over P.R. while at the same time it gave Puerto Ricans certain degree of autonomy over the island. Under the Territorial Clause, the autonomy recognized to the island has being interpreted by the U.S. Congress as recognition of the sovereignty over the island. In 1976 the U.S. Supreme Court indicated that the purpose of Congress in the legislations of 1950 and 1952 was to accord to P.R. the degree of autonomy and independence normally associated with a State of the Union. In that same year the Puerto Rican Supreme Court, posed with the question of what should be the relationship between the 4th Amendment of the Federal Constitution, and section 10 of article II of the Puerto Rican Constitution, concluded that P.R. remains subject to the will of Congress as to what rights are applicable and which not and that 4th Amendment describes the minimum level of security to be recognize by states, borders that can be expanded but not reduced. In short, because more than 150 years of constitutional development and civil rights struggles around the world as well as the “Universal Declaration of Human Rights” and the “American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man,” both from 1948, were taken into account, P.R. was be able to draft a Bill of Rights more extensive and progressive than the one written by the drafters of the U.S. Constitution in the 18th century. In response to that struggle the P.R. Constitution recognizes the constitutional rights of the U.S. Constitutio
The Constitution is an Enforceable Contractable1appeal
The US Constitution is a contract between the governement and the US Citizen enforceable by a court of law.
See the Constitution here: http://www.constitution.org/constit_.htm
Bill of Rights, First Amendment, Second Amendment, Third amendment, Four, Five Six Seven amendment, Eight, Ninth and Tenth Amendment in bill of Human Rights
The American Experiment to "secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity" fleshing out through 14th Amendment, historical context, privileges and immunities clause, citizenship clause, equal protection clause, and due process clause. Illustrated through Gore v. Bush.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA ORGANIC ACT OF 1871 - Wikipedia (031216)VogelDenise
17 USC § 107 (LIMITATIONS On EXCLUSIVE Rights - FAIR USE)
As we CONTINUE to work with others to LEAD and RETURN God’s CHOSEN NATION OF PEOPLE back to their FREEDOM, INDEPENDENCE and SEPARATION, we WILL be ABIDING by the Laws governing such matters and the CRIMINAL INDICTMENTS to be set forth. However, it is IMPORTANT that the PUBLIC/WORLD understand some of the processes USED by the DESPOTISM Zionist/White Supremacist Government Regime of the United States of America to HIJACK the Government and TAKE HOSTAGE those Citizens living within the confines of the United States of America.
United States Constitution wikipedia (highlighted)VogelDenise
17 USC § 107 Limitations on Exclusive Rights – FAIR USE
The United States’ Corporate Constitution was CREATED on or about September 17, 1787 – i.e. a date AFTER the CREATION of the Declaration of Independence which CLEARLY Prohibits DESPOTISM, Political Corruption, etc. Nevertheless, it appears that this Constitution was DRAFTED for the CORPORATION by the name of United States and NOT the United States OF AMERICA!
This document is POSTED for purposes of sharing information with the PUBLIC/WORLD and WILL assist in the OVERTHROW of the United States’ DESPOTISM Government Regime which is RUN and CONTROLLED by WHITE Jews/Zionists and WHITE Supremacists.
NOT ONLY that is CRITCAL in SUPPORTING the RETURN of Lands/Properties to the NATIVES that INHABITED the areas that have been LABELED as UNITED STATES OF AMERICA!
We look forward to sharing WHY “ALL” Contracts/Agreements between this CORPORATION and FOREIGN Governments are VOID as they may relate to the Lands/Properties KNOWN as the United States OF AMERICA! In other words, if Foreign Governments and their Leaders were DECEIVED to believe they are ENTITLED to Lands/Properties NAMED as the United States OF AMERICA based on Contracts/Agreements BETWEEN this Corporation KNOWN as the “United States” ONLY!
BOTTOM LINE, the WHITE Jews/Zionists and WHITE Supremacists that are RUNNING and CONTROLLING the United States’ DESPOTISM Government Regime ARE acting WITH Criminal, FRAUDULENT, DECEPTIVE, etc. INTENT and has SWINDLED a GREAT DEAL of Foreign Governments OUT OF MONIES using such FRONTING Corporations as the “United States” in their SCAMS!
DECLARATION of FREEDOM, INDEPENDENCE and SEPARATION From DESPOTISM Government...VogelDenise
17 USC § 107 (LIMITATIONS On EXCLUSIVE Rights - FAIR USE)
FACTS TO UNDERSTAND: In these OVER 25 Years of CRIMINALLY Stalking Vogel Denise Newsome and ATTACKING her LIVELIHOOD by the likes of the KLAN’S LAW FIRM Baker Donelson Bearman Caldwell & Berkowitz, Newsome used such ZIONISTS/WHITE SUPREMACIST/TERRORISTS/RACIST Attacks to PRESERVE matters, COLLECT EVIDENCE and BUILD Legal Defenses for BLACKS/AFRICAN-AMERICANS/PEOPLE-OF-COLOR to Legally/Lawfully FORM their OWN Government that works for them and whose LAWMAKERS will adequately REFLECT THEM!
No the ZIONISTS/WHITE SUPREMACISTS thought that Presidents as Abraham Lincoln and John F. Kennedy as well as Civil Rights Leaders as Medgar Wiley Evers, Malcolm X, and Martin Luther King Jr . . . were problems; well Community Activist Vogel Denise Newsome has BUILT on such ATTACKS as PIONEERS BEFORE her to SOLIDIFY their CREDIBILTY and to let the PUBLIC/WORLD know that their EFFORTS, ACHIEVEMENTS and SACRIFICE OF LIFE are NOT in VAIN!
112216 delano funches (ms code of professional conduct)-slide shareVogelDenise
17 USC § 107 Limitations on Exclusive Rights – FAIR USE
This is the November 22, 2016 Fax to Funches & Associates/Delano Funches. We give this Law Firm TWO THUMBS DOWN! It's no wonder (with attorneys like Delano Funches) that Blacks/African-Americans/Negroes/People-Of-Color CANNOT get good representation. Here is a LAWYER willing to LIE and bring in LAW ENFORCEMENT for MONETARY GAIN and ABUSE OF POWER because he is an Officer of the Court.
Pursuant to 17 USC § 107 (LIMITATIONS on EXCLUSIVE RIGHTS – FAIR USE) we are providing the PUBLIC/WORLD with this document for INFORMATIONAL and EDUCATIONAL purposes.
Bill of Rights, First Amendment, Second Amendment, Third amendment, Four, Five Six Seven amendment, Eight, Ninth and Tenth Amendment in bill of Human Rights
The American Experiment to "secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity" fleshing out through 14th Amendment, historical context, privileges and immunities clause, citizenship clause, equal protection clause, and due process clause. Illustrated through Gore v. Bush.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA ORGANIC ACT OF 1871 - Wikipedia (031216)VogelDenise
17 USC § 107 (LIMITATIONS On EXCLUSIVE Rights - FAIR USE)
As we CONTINUE to work with others to LEAD and RETURN God’s CHOSEN NATION OF PEOPLE back to their FREEDOM, INDEPENDENCE and SEPARATION, we WILL be ABIDING by the Laws governing such matters and the CRIMINAL INDICTMENTS to be set forth. However, it is IMPORTANT that the PUBLIC/WORLD understand some of the processes USED by the DESPOTISM Zionist/White Supremacist Government Regime of the United States of America to HIJACK the Government and TAKE HOSTAGE those Citizens living within the confines of the United States of America.
United States Constitution wikipedia (highlighted)VogelDenise
17 USC § 107 Limitations on Exclusive Rights – FAIR USE
The United States’ Corporate Constitution was CREATED on or about September 17, 1787 – i.e. a date AFTER the CREATION of the Declaration of Independence which CLEARLY Prohibits DESPOTISM, Political Corruption, etc. Nevertheless, it appears that this Constitution was DRAFTED for the CORPORATION by the name of United States and NOT the United States OF AMERICA!
This document is POSTED for purposes of sharing information with the PUBLIC/WORLD and WILL assist in the OVERTHROW of the United States’ DESPOTISM Government Regime which is RUN and CONTROLLED by WHITE Jews/Zionists and WHITE Supremacists.
NOT ONLY that is CRITCAL in SUPPORTING the RETURN of Lands/Properties to the NATIVES that INHABITED the areas that have been LABELED as UNITED STATES OF AMERICA!
We look forward to sharing WHY “ALL” Contracts/Agreements between this CORPORATION and FOREIGN Governments are VOID as they may relate to the Lands/Properties KNOWN as the United States OF AMERICA! In other words, if Foreign Governments and their Leaders were DECEIVED to believe they are ENTITLED to Lands/Properties NAMED as the United States OF AMERICA based on Contracts/Agreements BETWEEN this Corporation KNOWN as the “United States” ONLY!
BOTTOM LINE, the WHITE Jews/Zionists and WHITE Supremacists that are RUNNING and CONTROLLING the United States’ DESPOTISM Government Regime ARE acting WITH Criminal, FRAUDULENT, DECEPTIVE, etc. INTENT and has SWINDLED a GREAT DEAL of Foreign Governments OUT OF MONIES using such FRONTING Corporations as the “United States” in their SCAMS!
DECLARATION of FREEDOM, INDEPENDENCE and SEPARATION From DESPOTISM Government...VogelDenise
17 USC § 107 (LIMITATIONS On EXCLUSIVE Rights - FAIR USE)
FACTS TO UNDERSTAND: In these OVER 25 Years of CRIMINALLY Stalking Vogel Denise Newsome and ATTACKING her LIVELIHOOD by the likes of the KLAN’S LAW FIRM Baker Donelson Bearman Caldwell & Berkowitz, Newsome used such ZIONISTS/WHITE SUPREMACIST/TERRORISTS/RACIST Attacks to PRESERVE matters, COLLECT EVIDENCE and BUILD Legal Defenses for BLACKS/AFRICAN-AMERICANS/PEOPLE-OF-COLOR to Legally/Lawfully FORM their OWN Government that works for them and whose LAWMAKERS will adequately REFLECT THEM!
No the ZIONISTS/WHITE SUPREMACISTS thought that Presidents as Abraham Lincoln and John F. Kennedy as well as Civil Rights Leaders as Medgar Wiley Evers, Malcolm X, and Martin Luther King Jr . . . were problems; well Community Activist Vogel Denise Newsome has BUILT on such ATTACKS as PIONEERS BEFORE her to SOLIDIFY their CREDIBILTY and to let the PUBLIC/WORLD know that their EFFORTS, ACHIEVEMENTS and SACRIFICE OF LIFE are NOT in VAIN!
112216 delano funches (ms code of professional conduct)-slide shareVogelDenise
17 USC § 107 Limitations on Exclusive Rights – FAIR USE
This is the November 22, 2016 Fax to Funches & Associates/Delano Funches. We give this Law Firm TWO THUMBS DOWN! It's no wonder (with attorneys like Delano Funches) that Blacks/African-Americans/Negroes/People-Of-Color CANNOT get good representation. Here is a LAWYER willing to LIE and bring in LAW ENFORCEMENT for MONETARY GAIN and ABUSE OF POWER because he is an Officer of the Court.
Pursuant to 17 USC § 107 (LIMITATIONS on EXCLUSIVE RIGHTS – FAIR USE) we are providing the PUBLIC/WORLD with this document for INFORMATIONAL and EDUCATIONAL purposes.
IRAN PRESIDENT MAHMOUD AHMADINEJAD - United Nations Walkout Led By United Sta...VogelDenise
IRAN PRESIDENT MAHMOUD AHMADINEJAD - United Nations Walkout Led By United States of America. BULLYING TACTICS USED to keep the TRUTH behind the United States 911 DOMESTIC Terrorist Attacks on its OWN Citizens.
Provides information as to the REASONS why the FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION, JUDICIAL COMPLAINTS and CONGRESSIONAL COMPLAINTS Filed by Vogel Denise Newsome are being OBSTRUCTED from being PROSECUTED!
Garretson Resolution Group appears to be FRONTING Law Firm for United States President Barack Obama and Legal Counsel/Advisor (Baker Donelson Bearman Caldwell & Berkowitz) which has submitted a SLAPP Complaint to OneWebHosting.com in efforts of PREVENTING the PUBLIC/WORLD from knowing of its and President Barack Obama's ROLE in CONSPIRACIES leveled against Vogel Denise Newsome in EXPOSING the TRUTH behind the 911 DOMESTIC TERRORIST ATTACKS, COLLAPSE OF THE WORLD ECONOMY, EMPLOYMENT violations and other crimes of United States Government Officials. Information that United States President Barack Obama, The Garretson Resolution Group, Baker Donelson Bearman Caldwell & Berkowitz, and United States Congress, etc. do NOT want the PUBLIC/WORLD to see. Information of PUBLIC Interest!
10/21/11 EMAIL FROM Newsome To Justin Roehm and Sandy SullivanVogelDenise
10/21/11 EMAIL FROM Newsome To Justin Roehm (of Messina Staffing) and Sandy Sullivan (Garretson Resolution Group)
Garretson Resolution Group appears to be FRONTING Law Firm for United States President Barack Obama which has submitted a SLAPP Complaint to OneWebHostin.com in efforts of PREVENTING the PUBLIC/WORLD from knowing of its and President Barack Obama's ROLE in CONSPIRACIES leveled against Vogel Denise Newsome in EXPOSING the TRUTH behind the 911 DOMESTIC TERRORIST ATTACKS and other crimes of United States Government Officials.
GARRETSON RESOLUTION GROUP - Phone Directory (REDACTED)VogelDenise
GARRETSON RESOLUTION GROUP - Phone Directory (REDACTED)
This is a document Garretson Resolution does not want the PUBLIC/WORLD to see because it SUPPORTS that Vogel Denise Newsome was brought in for DATA ENTRY purposes and later PROMOTED to PROJECT COORDINATOR. However, White RACIST Employees did NOT like the fact that an AFRICAN-American was being given the job as Project Coordinator so they attempted to FRAME Newsome for their CRIMINAL Acts of DESTROYING Claimants' documentation.
Provides information as to the REASONS why the FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION, JUDICIAL COMPLAINTS and CONGRESSIONAL COMPLAINTS Filed by Vogel Denise Newsome are being OBSTRUCTED from being PROSECUTED!
Garretson Resolution Group appears to be FRONTING Firm for United States President Barack Obama and Legal Counsel/Advisor (Baker Donelson Bearman Caldwell & Berkowitz) which has submitted a SLAPP Complaint to OneWebHosting.com in efforts of PREVENTING the PUBLIC/WORLD from knowing of its and President Barack Obama's ROLE in CONSPIRACIES leveled against Vogel Denise Newsome in EXPOSING the TRUTH behind the 911 DOMESTIC TERRORIST ATTACKS, COLLAPSE OF THE WORLD ECONOMY, EMPLOYMENT violations and other crimes of United States Government Officials. Information that United States President Barack Obama, The Garretson Resolution Group, Baker Donelson Bearman Caldwell & Berkowitz, and United States Congress, etc. do NOT want the PUBLIC/WORLD to see. Information of PUBLIC Interest!
10/12/11 GARRETSON RESOLUTION GROUP - Memo Requesting Meeting With Sandy Sull...VogelDenise
10/12/11 GARRETSON RESOLUTION GROUP - Memo Requesting Meeting With Sandy Sullivan.
Information that United States President Barack Obama, The Garretson Resolution Group, Baker Donelson Bearman Caldwell & Berkowitz, and United States Congress, etc. do NOT want the PUBLIC/WORLD to see. Information of PUBLIC Interest.
08/31/11 LETTER TO KENTUCKY SENTOR RAND PAUL (Requesting "Written" Status Rep...VogelDenise
08/31/11 LETTER TO KENTUCKY SENTOR RAND PAUL (Requesting "Written" Status Report).
This is information that President Barack Obama/his Administration/Legal Counsel Advisor (Baker Donelson Bearman Caldwell & Berkowitz), the United States Supreme Court and United States Congress do NOT want the PUBLIC/WORLD to see.
08/31/11 MEMO/LETTER TO KENTUCKY SENATOR RAND PAUL - Providing Filing Fee To ...VogelDenise
08/31/11 MEMO/LETTER TO KENTUCKY SENATOR RAND PAUL - Providing Filing Fee To Get Complaint Filed
Provides information as to the REASONS why the FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION, JUDICIAL COMPLAINTS and CONGRESSIONAL COMPLAINTS Filed by Vogel Denise Newsome are being OBSTRUCTED from being PROSECUTED!
Garretson Resolution Group appears to be FRONTING Firm for United States President Barack Obama and Legal Counsel/Advisor (Baker Donelson Bearman Caldwell & Berkowitz) which has submitted a SLAPP Complaint to OneWebHosting.com in efforts of PREVENTING the PUBLIC/WORLD from knowing of its and President Barack Obama's ROLE in CONSPIRACIES leveled against Vogel Denise Newsome in EXPOSING the TRUTH behind the 911 DOMESTIC TERRORIST ATTACKS, COLLAPSE OF THE WORLD ECONOMY, EMPLOYMENT violations and other crimes of United States Government Officials. Information that United States President Barack Obama, The Garretson Resolution Group, Baker Donelson Bearman Caldwell & Berkowitz, and United States Congress, etc. do NOT want the PUBLIC/WORLD to see. Information of PUBLIC Interest!
BAKER DONELSON BEARMAN CALDWELL & BERKOWITZ - Wikipedia InformationVogelDenise
BAKER DONELSON BEARMAN CALDWELL & BERKOWITZ - Wikipedia Information
Garretson Resolution Group appears to be FRONTING Law Firm for United States President Barack Obama and Legal Counsel/Advisor (Baker Donelson Bearman Caldwell & Berkowitz) which has submitted a SLAPP Complaint to OneWebHosting.com in efforts of PREVENTING the PUBLIC/WORLD from knowing of its and President Barack Obama's ROLE in CONSPIRACIES leveled against Vogel Denise Newsome in EXPOSING the TRUTH behind the 911 DOMESTIC TERRORIST ATTACKS, COLLAPSE OF THE WORLD ECONOMY, EMPLOYMENT violations and other crimes of United States Government Officials. Information that United States President Barack Obama, The Garretson Resolution Group, Baker Donelson Bearman Caldwell & Berkowitz, and United States Congress, etc. do NOT want the PUBLIC/WORLD to see. Information of PUBLIC Interest!
ERIC HOLDER - 10/05/11 Trip To Cincinnati (Ohio)VogelDenise
ERIC HOLDER - 10/05/11 Trip To Cincinnati (Ohio)
Provides information as to the REASONS why the FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION, JUDICIAL COMPLAINTS and CONGRESSIONAL COMPLAINTS Filed by Vogel Denise Newsome are being OBSTRUCTED from being PROSECUTED!
Garretson Resolution Group appears to be FRONTING Law Firm for United States President Barack Obama and Legal Counsel/Advisor (Baker Donelson Bearman Caldwell & Berkowitz) which has submitted a SLAPP Complaint to OneWebHosting.com in efforts of PREVENTING the PUBLIC/WORLD from knowing of its and President Barack Obama's ROLE in CONSPIRACIES leveled against Vogel Denise Newsome in EXPOSING the TRUTH behind the 911 DOMESTIC TERRORIST ATTACKS, COLLAPSE OF THE WORLD ECONOMY, EMPLOYMENT violations and other crimes of United States Government Officials. Information that United States President Barack Obama, The Garretson Resolution Group, Baker Donelson Bearman Caldwell & Berkowitz, and United States Congress, etc. do NOT want the PUBLIC/WORLD to see. Information of PUBLIC Interest!
09/14/11 PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA Launches "ATTACK" WebsiteVogelDenise
09/14/11 PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA Launches "ATTACK" Website - to report Websites such as vogeldenisenewsome and/or Internet postings EXPOSING his CRIMINAL practices before the PUBLIC/WORLD.
Provides information as to the REASONS why the FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION, JUDICIAL COMPLAINTS and CONGRESSIONAL COMPLAINTS Filed by Vogel Denise Newsome are being OBSTRUCTED from being PROSECUTED!
Garretson Resolution Group appears to be FRONTING Law Firm for United States President Barack Obama and Legal Counsel/Advisor (Baker Donelson Bearman Caldwell & Berkowitz) which has submitted a SLAPP Complaint to OneWebHosting.com in efforts of PREVENTING the PUBLIC/WORLD from knowing of its and President Barack Obama's ROLE in CONSPIRACIES leveled against Vogel Denise Newsome in EXPOSING the TRUTH behind the 911 DOMESTIC TERRORIST ATTACKS, COLLAPSE OF THE WORLD ECONOMY, EMPLOYMENT violations and other crimes of United States Government Officials. Information that United States President Barack Obama, The Garretson Resolution Group, Baker Donelson Bearman Caldwell & Berkowitz, and United States Congress, etc. do NOT want the PUBLIC/WORLD to see. Information of PUBLIC Interest!
022817 DONALD TRUMP - HBCU EXECUTIVE ORDERVogelDenise
17 USC § 107 Limitations on Exclusive Rights – FAIR USE
This is a copy of the 02/28/17 Executive Order issued by the United States’ DESPOTISM Government Regime’s President Donald Trump regarding Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs).
We are aware of the BLACK Ku Klux Klan Members being used by the WHITE Jews/Zionists and WHITE Supremacist Group and their TERRORIST/RACIST Organizations! We are NOT here to Play Patty Cake with these HOUSE Niggeroes!
This document will be used in an Article that is being prepared to support the NEW Government that is going to be established!
For those who may NOT KNOW, the Declaration of Independence was Executed on July 4, 1776
The United States’ Constitution was Created on September 17, 1787.
The oldest black university - Cheyney University of Pennsylvania was founded in 1837.
The Emancipation Proclamation (Freeing Slaves) was Executed on January 1, 1863.
The United States’ Corporation Headquarters in Washington, D.C. on February 21, 1871.
The SECOND Ku Klux Klan Act was Executed on April 20, 1871.
The Ku Klux Klan’s Law Firm of Baker Donelson Bearman Caldwell & Berkowitz was ESTABLISHED in 1888.
The United States’ DESPOTISM Government Regime has run out of time. It appears from HISTORY, it went about establishing its Corporation beginning with a Constitution, etc. AFTER the Declaration of Independence.
We’ll leave you WONDERING where we are going with this information that is going to support the LEGAL/LAWFUL OVERTHROW of the United States’ DESPOTISM Government Regime; moreover, to SUPPORT our LEGAL/LAWFUL request for INTERNATIONAL Military Support!
Can you CONNECT-THE-DOTS? Can you see the Ku Klux Klan’s INTENT? Can you see the UNLAWFUL/ILLEGAL practices and the USE of House Niggeroes to HIDE/COVER-Up Ku Klux Klan Act Violations and other RACIST Practices?
Can you hear the Chickens CLUCKING? The Chickens are COMING HOME TO ROOST!
LOL!
17 USC § 107 (LIMITATIONS On EXCLUSIVE Rights - FAIR USE)
This is the TRANSCRIPT from the September 18, 2015 Bankruptcy Court Hearing in the United States Federal Bankruptcy Court - Southern District Mississippi (Jackson). The Photographs/Pictures have been added for EMPHASIS and BETTER UNDERSTANDING!
(1) Please explain how the Constitution provides for a system of s.docxkatherncarlyle
(1) Please explain how the Constitution provides for a system of separation of powers and checks and balances. Provide a fully developed essay of at least 500 words, and cite sources used
(2) Describe how a bill becomes a law at the national level, in a fully developed essay of at least 500 words
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WEEK 1: FEDERALISM » Part 1: Foundations of American Government
WEEK 1: FEDERALISM
Part 1: Foundations of American Government
Lesson 1, Part 1: Foundations of American Government
"Liberty, when it begins to take root, is a plant of rapid growth."
-George Washington
· The Declaration of Independence
· The U.S. Constitution and its Bill of Rights
· The Enlightenment and Political Philosophy
Expected Outcomes
To understand the philosophical principles behind the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution, and how these principles influence the structure and process of government.
Overview
The United States, as a nation, was born of the American Revolution of 1776. This revolution cut the political ties between England and its American colonies. Many "Americans" living in the colonies had complained about harsh British rule. King George of England had ruled over the colonies with a heavy hand, increasing taxes with the Stamp Act and the Sugar Act, for example. These abuses began to divide the "patriots" in favor of independence and the "loyalists" in favor of the English Crown.
Tensions between the American colonials and British soldiers boiled over in the Boston Massacre, when a mob harassed British soldiers, who then fired their muskets into the crowd, killing three, mortally wounding two others, and injuring six.
Another famous incident which helped inspire the American Revolution was the Boston Tea Party of 1773, launched as a protest to the British Tea Act. This Act gave the British East India Company a tea monopoly, shutting out American traders. Bostonians disguised themselves as Mohawk Indians, then boarded the British ships and dumped all 342 containers of tea into the harbor.
Two years later, in 1775, there were more serious conflicts between colonials and British troops: the Battles of Lexington and Concord, the prelude for a full conflict. The American Revolutionary War was long, bloody and ended with the French-assisted victory of the American Continental Army in Yorktown in 1781.
An understanding of American government and politics should consider two documents related to this war and its aftermath. The first is the Declaration of Independence, which launched the American Revolutionary War; and the second is the U.S. Constitution, which replaced the post-war Articles of Confederation and which remains the highest law of the land.
This lesson analyzes these documents, noting how they were part of a trans-Atlantic Enlightenment movement with emphasis on reason, freethinking, natural law, popular sovereignty, and human ...
04062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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An astonishing, first-of-its-kind, report by the NYT assessing damage in Ukraine. Even if the war ends tomorrow, in many places there will be nothing to go back to.
01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
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‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
El Puerto de Algeciras continúa un año más como el más eficiente del continente europeo y vuelve a situarse en el “top ten” mundial, según el informe The Container Port Performance Index 2023 (CPPI), elaborado por el Banco Mundial y la consultora S&P Global.
El informe CPPI utiliza dos enfoques metodológicos diferentes para calcular la clasificación del índice: uno administrativo o técnico y otro estadístico, basado en análisis factorial (FA). Según los autores, esta dualidad pretende asegurar una clasificación que refleje con precisión el rendimiento real del puerto, a la vez que sea estadísticamente sólida. En esta edición del informe CPPI 2023, se han empleado los mismos enfoques metodológicos y se ha aplicado un método de agregación de clasificaciones para combinar los resultados de ambos enfoques y obtener una clasificación agregada.
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Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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Here is Gabe Whitley's response to my defamation lawsuit for him calling me a rapist and perjurer in court documents.
You have to read it to believe it, but after you read it, you won't believe it. And I included eight examples of defamatory statements/
1. Ku Klux Klan Act (1871): Major Acts of Congress Page 1 of 6
Julie Davies
The Enforcement Act (17 Stat. 13), commonly known as the Ku Klux Klan Act or the Civil Rights
Act of 1871, was a response to extraordinary civil unrest during the Reconstruction period. This
unrest threatened the lives and the political and economic rights of all newly freed slaves. Although
closely tied to the era in which it was enacted, portions of the statute remain extraordinarily important
to modern civil rights enforcement.
MAJOR FEATURES OF THE ACT
Section 1 of the act (now codified at 42 U.S.C. § 1983, and called in this entry "section 1983"),
provided that any person deprived of rights conferred by the Constitution by someone acting "under
color" of law (i.e., a state or local official acting with legally granted authority, or, through purporting
to act within such limits, an official may be misusing authority) or custom could bring suit in federal
court and recover damages or equitable relief. Section 2 (now codified at 42 U.S.C. § 1985, and called
in this entry "section 1985") of the act provided criminal sanctions and a civil damages action for
conspiracy to commit a range of offenses. These offenses included attempting to overthrow the
government, intimidating witnesses or parties to legal action, using threat or force to influence jurors,
or going on the highway in disguise to deprive others of the exercise of constitutional rights
guaranteed by the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments. The section is used less frequently than
section 1, but is still a relevant and powerful piece of civil rights legislation.
Section 3 of the act authorized the president to use the U.S. armed forces to put down rebellions, and
section 4 permitted the suspension of the writ of habeas corpus. Section 5 provided that jurors in U.S.
courts must not be parties to combinations or conspiracies and that they must swear, on penalty of
perjury, that they did not have any allegiances to groups dedicated to the overthrow of the government
or denial of constitutional rights. Section 6 (now 42 U.S.C. § 1986), provided that persons with
knowledge of a conspiracy who failed to take reasonable actions to prevent wrongful acts from
occurring could be named as a defendant and be held liable for any death caused by failure to
intercede.
HISTORICAL CIRCUMSTANCES LEADING TO THE ACT
Knowing the act's background is essential to understanding its place in history and its contemporary
relevance. The United States Supreme Court, in its interpretation of the act, has taken that historical
background extremely seriously.
The act was intended to enforce the Fourteenth Amendment. The motivation for its passage really
begins with events that took place near the end of the Civil War in 1863. At the time, President
Abraham Lincoln issued a simple statement called the Emancipation Proclamation. This document
freed the slaves in the states that had seceded from the Union. Because the Emancipation
Proclamation was a presidential order, Congress was concerned it might be overridden by subsequent
legislation. Congress then passed the Thirteenth Amendment, which abolished slavery and
involuntary servitude and gave Congress the power to enforce its provisions.
It soon became clear that the Thirteenth Amendment was insufficient to end the conditions of
servitude in which the freed slaves found themselves. Many states enacted "Black Codes." These were
laws that so closely regulated the lives of the former slaves as to be just short of slavery. For example,
unemployed African Americans could be fined as vagrants or imprisoned. To enter some states, they
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had to post bond. As a result, African Americans found themselves limited to working for their former
masters, and still ostracized and inhibited from enjoying any fruits of freedom.
Congress passed several historic civil rights acts in an effort to remedy the limitations of the
Thirteenth Amendment. The Act of April 9, 1866 gave the former slaves citizenship and some basic
economic and legal rights. Doubts as to the constitutional validity of this law led to the adoption of
the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution in 1868. Like the 1866 act, the Fourteenth Amendment
bestowed citizenship as a national birthright, overruling the Dred Scott Decision of 1857. It contained
broader prohibitions against discrimination than those in the 1866 act. It guaranteed that no state
would make laws to abridge "the privileges and immunities of citizens" or deprive any person of "life,
liberty or property without due process of law," or "deny any person within its jurisdiction the equal
protection of the laws." Section 5 of the Fourteenth Amendment gave Congress the power to enforce
its provisions.
The Southern states initially refused to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment. In response, Congress
instituted military, or radical, reconstruction, in the South. Congress's efforts to exert greater control
were successful in reconstituting the state electorates, but unsuccessful in stemming the rebelliousness
of state officials and the citizenry. Evidence of the brutal lynchings of former slaves and the
destruction of property began to emerge. These attacks were the work of a number of white
supremacy groups, the most notorious of which was the Ku Klux Klan. Their acts were intended to
deter African Americans from exercising any of the basic rights granted to them by the Civil Rights
Act of 1866 or the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments. Even worse, there was evidence that state
officials were encouraging this vigilante action and were deliberately unresponsive to pleas they
utilize law enforcement power to stop it. Even if perpetrators were apprehended, there was no
commitment within the state legal systems to bringing them to justice or mete out punishment.
In March 1871 President Ulysses S. Grant came to Congress and requested emergency legislation to
stem what he described as virtual anarchy in the South. He told Congress the states would not and
could not control the violence. The legislative response to this plea was the Civil Rights Act of April
20, 1871. It was known as the Ku Klux Klan Act because of that group's prominent participation in
the violence.
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF THE ACT
Section 5 of the Fourteenth Amendment gave Congress the power to address the problem President
Grant described. Representative Samuel Shellabarger, a Republican from Ohio, introduced "a bill
(H.R. No. 320) to enforce the provisions of the fourteenth amendment to the Constitution of the
United States, and for other purposes." Section 1, the civil remedy for violation of the Fourteenth
Amendment, was derived from the 1866 Civil Rights Act. It generated little debate among the
representatives. The controversial portion of the act was section 2, which imposed its penalties on
"any person" conspiring to do certain acts. Opponents argued that the provision would be
unconstitutional because it was not limited to those acting under color of state law. This meant it
could potentially reach purely private parties. The sections granting the president the power to
suspend habeas corpus and to use armed force to suppress violence were also argued to be beyond the
scope of the Fourteenth Amendment's protection. First the House, and then the Senate, passed the bill.
The chair of the Senate Judiciary Committee, Lyman Trumbull, a Republican from Illinois, was a
proponent of the act though he interpreted it rather narrowly. One controversial amendment, known as
the Sherman Amendment, sought to make cities and counties liable for violence occurring within their
borders. The House refused to concur, and legislators held a conference committee meeting. The
Sherman Amendment was rewritten to impose liability only for persons who knew of a conspiracy to
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3. Ku Klux Klan Act (1871): Major Acts of Congress Page 3 of 6
violate civil rights and who could have prevented it. Finally both Houses agreed and the Ku Klux
Klan Act became law on April 20, 1871.
HISTORY OF THE ACT FROM 1871 TO 1961
If you try to find the Klu Klux Klan Act among current United States statutes, you will be
unsuccessful. In 1874 the statutes were revised in what was to be merely a procedural reorganization.
Sections 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6 were scattered throughout the Revised Statutes. Section 4, permitting the
suspension of habeas corpus, provided its own expiration date (after the end of the next regular
section of Congress) and so did not make it into the Revised Statutes. A modern reader encounters
only remnants and revisions of the original Act located in several places in the United States Code.
The various provisions of the Ku Klux Klan Act were not used frequently after their enactment. One
reason was that the Supreme Court gave an extremely narrow interpretation to the privileges and
immunities clause of the Fourteenth Amendment in the Slaughterhouse Cases (1873). In these cases,
the Court held that only privileges and immunities of national citizenship were protected by the
provision. Most civil rights were deemed to be privileges of state citizenship and fell outside the
protection of the Fourteenth Amendment. This interpretation meant that states, not the federal
government, would be the primary protectors of civil rights. Since the Ku Klux Klan Act was
designed to enforce the Fourteenth Amendment, the result was that there was not much left to enforce.
Subsequent decisions further narrowed the Fourteenth Amendment by ruling that it applied only to
state action (United States v. Cruikshank [1876]; Virginia v. Rives [1879]). The Court's decision in
United States v. Harris (1882) invalidated the criminal conspiracy section of the act for the same
reason.
The result of these decisions was that states were once again primarily responsible for protecting the
rights of their citizens, and Black Codes reappeared and melded with a system of social apartheid that
became known as "Jim Crow." Congress, which had lost any political will to protect and enforce the
Reconstruction Amendments and legislation, was content to see the statutes fall into disuse.
Consequently, discriminatory laws affected not only African Americans but many other racial
minorities.
KEY PROVISIONS AND THEIR CURRENT RELEVANCE
Of the many sections of the Ku Klux Klan Act, the most influential today is the little debated section
1983. The section provides in part:
Every person who, under color of any statute, ordinance, regulation, custom, or usage, of
any State or Territory or the District of Columbia, subjects, or causes to be subjected, any
citizen of the United States or other person within the jurisdiction thereof to the
deprivation of any rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution and laws,
shall be liable to the party injured in an action at law, suit in equity, or other proper
proceeding for redress....
The language of the statute is much the same as it was in 1871. Interestingly, the 1874 revisions
resulted in the apparently inadvertent insertion of the words "and laws," which has resulted in a large
expansion of the statute's coverage. Reference to the District of Columbia and to territories was added
in 1979.
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Section 1983 allows people to sue for state and local violations of the Constitution and federal law. It
enables private citizens to affirmatively enforce these rights. Lawsuits may be brought in federal or
state court, and the remedies available for violations include damages and injunctive relief. A key to
Section 1983's revitalization was when the Supreme Court breathed new life into the Fourteenth
Amendment. The Court developed an extensive theoretical framework for the due process and equal
protection clauses, under which it recognized a wide variety of federally protected rights. Also, in
Monroe v. Pape (1961), the Supreme Court interpreted Section 1983's "under color of law"
requirement to cover cases in which state and local officials were not acting in accordance with state
law but in violation of it. This was the beginning of a series of interpretations that loosened the
judicial stranglehold on civil rights legislation that had been passed during the Reconstruction era.
More recently, a vast number of Supreme Court decisions relate to Section 1983. They cover issues
such as the conditions under which governmental entities can be held liable for acts of their various
employees, immunities that can be asserted to preclude suits against particular officials, the
requirements for awards of damages and injunctive relief, circumstances in which federal courts
should abstain from deciding a Section 1983 claim, and more. The rights litigated under Section 1983
are extremely varied, including not only equal protection and due process, but constitutional rights
made applicable to the states by the Fourteenth Amendment and many federal statutes.
Section 1985 provides a civil action for those injured by conspiracies formed to prevent an officer of
the United States from performing official duties, to obstruct justice, or "for the purpose of depriving,
either directly or indirectly, any person or class of persons of the equal protection of the laws, or of
the equal privileges and immunities under the laws." Unlike Section 1983, the statute was interpreted
to apply to the actions of private parties in Griffin v. Breckenridge (1971). This interpretation is
consistent with the statute's original goal of reaching Ku Klux Klan conspirators. Although it applies
to private individuals, the statute has a narrow scope because the Supreme Court has sought to ensure
that it does not encompass ordinary civil wrongs or crimes. To confine the type of private behavior
covered by section 1985, the Court wrote in the Griffin case that "there must be some racial or
perhaps other class-based invidiously discriminatory animus behind the conspirators' action."
Bray v. Alexandria Women's Health Clinic (1993) illustrates this limitation. In Bray, a group of
plaintiffs who provided abortions or wished to use abortion clinics sought unsuccessfully to use
section 1985 against members of Operation Rescue for their organization and coordination of
demonstrations blocking access to abortion clinics. Justice Antonin Scalia, writing for the Court,
rejected arguments that the conspiracy was against women as a class, or that it was designed to defeat
exercise of the right to travel guaranteed in the Constitution. He concluded that "women seeking
abortion" was not a qualifying class.
Although the criminal counterpart to section 1985 was found unconstitutional, a very similar criminal
conspiracy statute derived from the Civil Rights Act of 1870 survived, and was interpreted to reach
private conspiracies. Another viable, but rarely used provision, section 1986 (42 U.S.C. Section
1986), permits an action for neglecting to prevent a conspiracy. Courts have found that plaintiffs
seeking to establish a violation of section 1986 must also establish a violation of Section 1985. An
example of a potentially valid claim stems from a case where African American motorists alleged that
the attorney general of New Jersey had conspired with members of his office staff to conceal the
existence of racial profiling from the judiciary and Justice Departments, and that, despite his
knowledge of racially motivated conspiracies among the state police, he did nothing to stop the
conspirators.
Another provision grants the president the power to utilize the armed forces of the United States to
combat insurrections. Although it has not been used frequently, it was invoked by President Dwight
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5. Ku Klux Klan Act (1871): Major Acts of Congress Page 5 of 6
Eisenhower to order federal troops to Little Rock in 1957 when the governor of Arkansas had ordered
the Arkansas National Guard to block school desegregation.
In conclusion, though the Klu Klux Klan Act was a response to a unique threat to the exercise of
constitutional rights, the act was drafted broadly enough that portions of it, particularly section 1983,
are vital to modern enforcement of constitutional and federal statutory rights.
See also: CIVIL RIGHTS ACTS OF 1866, 1875, 1957, 1964; FAIR HOUSING ACT; FORCE ACT
OF 1871; VOTING RIGHTS ACT OF 1965.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Kluger, Richard. Simple Justice: The History of Brown v. Board of Education and Black America's
Struggle for Equality. New York: Vintage, 1977.
Schwartz, Bernard, ed. Statutory History of the United States: Civil Rights, Part 1. New York:
Chelsea House, 1970.
Smith, Carter, ed. One Nation Again: A Sourcebook on the Civil War. Brookfield, CT: Millbrook
Press, 1993.
Stampp, Kenneth M. The Era of Reconstruction 1865–1877. New York: Vintage, 1965.
Woodward, C. Vann. The Strange Career of Jim Crow, 3d ed. New York: Oxford University Press,
1974.
Ziff, Marsha. Reconstruction Following the Civil War in American History. Berkeley Heights, NJ:
Enslow Publishers, 1999.
Apartheid
The term apartheid, which is the Afrikaans word for "apartness," refers to the South African policy of
strict racial segregation. The term was first used in the 1930s and the practice of apartheid became law
in 1948 when nonwhites were put under the domination of the white minority. South Africans were
identified by one of four racial categories: white, Bantu (black), Coloured (which referred to people of
mixed race), or Asian (mostly Indians and Pakistanis). Education and public facilities were
segregated, and social contact between the races was prohibited. Nonwhites were allowed to live only
in designated areas and during the 1950s, blacks were relegat ed to ten distinct, self-governing states
called "Bantus tands." The Bantustands had few resources or economic opportunities and quickly
became slums. White police harassed those suspected of association with black nationalist groups,
and civil rights leaders were jailed. Nelson Mandela, leader of the opposition African National
Congress, was sentenced to life in prison on the charge of attempting to overthrow the South African
government. During the 1970s and 1980s strikes and riots in the Bantustands helped bring the
situation to the attention of the world. International firms began pulling out of the country,
neighboring African coun tries increased political pressure, and the United States and the United
Kingdom imposed economic sanctions. Amid extreme violence and turmoil, the South African
government finally abandoned apartheid during the 1990s and free elections were held for the first
time in history. In 1994 Nelson Mandela, released in 1990, was elected president.
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6. Ku Klux Klan Act (1871): Major Acts of Congress Page 6 of 6
The Ku Klux Klan
The Ku Klux Klan is a brutal white supremacy organization that has gone through several distinct
incarnations since the Civil War. Founded in Tennessee as a social fraternity in 1866, the Klan
evolved into a vigilante organization of former Confederates who opposed the Republican state
government and sought to keep blacks "in their place." Klan members disguised in white robes,
masks, and tall hats terrorized blacks and their Republican supporters with floggings, lynchings, and
the destruction of property. Congress retaliated with the Civil Rights Acts, and the Klan was
effectively suppressed by 1872. A second incarnation of the group appeared in 1915, when the
patriotism prompted by World War I combined with a wave of Southern romantic nostalgia about the
lost Confederacy. The Klan's mem bers—who numbered more than three million by the early
1920s—found it a bastion not only against blacks, but also against immigrants, Jews, Catholics, and
Communists. Positioned as the guardian of American institutions and Protestant values, the Klan
became a significant political influence, helping to elect more than two dozen senators and governors.
As reports of lynching, mutilation, rape, and other violence by the Klan began to emerge, however,
the group's broad, mainstream base was alienated. Weak orga nization and corrupt leadership
contributed to a rapid drop in membership, and by the late 1920s the Klan had faded once again. It
was legally disbanded in 1944 in lieu of payment of back taxes. The Klan reemerged after World War
II in response to the civil rights movement. In the early 1960s the Klan attacked freedom riders, killed
four children in a Birmingham church bombing, and murdered three civil rights workers in
Mississippi. In 1964 the FBI began to infil trate the Klan in order to suppress it and by 1975 member
ship had dropped from 50,000 to 6,500. The Klan as it exists today is small and fragmented.
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