1. The kidneys are vital organs that filter waste and toxins from the blood, regulate fluid and mineral levels, control blood pressure, produce red blood cells, and maintain bone health.
2. An increase in diabetes and hypertension has led to rising chronic kidney disease, demonstrating the need for greater kidney disease awareness and early treatment by nephrologists.
3. Nephrologists undergo extensive specialty training in kidney diseases beyond internal medicine, making them the doctors best equipped to diagnose and manage all types of kidney problems.
Water and electrolytes especially sodium are closely associated in their regulation in the body. Both are tightly regulated as a tilt of one may result in serious consequences to an individual.
Water and electrolytes especially sodium are closely associated in their regulation in the body. Both are tightly regulated as a tilt of one may result in serious consequences to an individual.
Although this procedure is popular, there are safer, more natural ways to cleanse your system.
Thanks to the liver and kidneys, the body is equipped to flush out toxins on its own.
As Hiranandani Hospital Kidney navigates the journey of aging, understanding the changes that occur in our kidneys is paramount for maintaining overall health and well-being. While age-related alterations in kidney function are inevitable, adopting a proactive approach to kidney health can significantly impact the trajectory of these changes.
URINARY SYSTEM, FLUID, ELECTROLYTES, AND ACID BASE BALANCE Final Presentatio...C-Jay Valeros
Our tireless urinary system acts as a filtration factory, keeping our blood clean. The two bean-shaped kidneys, located just below the ribcage, are the stars of the show. Millions of microscopic filtering units called nephrons within each kidney work overtime. Blood travels through these nephrons, where waste products like urea, a byproduct of breaking down proteins, and excess water are separated out.
Essential elements and water are meticulously reabsorbed back into the bloodstream, while the leftover liquid waste becomes urine. Thin tubes called ureters, one for each kidney, then act as pipelines, transporting the urine down to the bladder. The bladder, a muscular sac in the lower abdomen, acts as a reservoir, comfortably storing urine until you feel the urge to eliminate it. When it's time, muscles in the bladder contract, and urine travels down the urethra, a tube leading out of the body, to be voided.
International Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Invention (IJMSI) inventionjournals
International Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Invention (IJMSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJMSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Mathematics and Statistics, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Although this procedure is popular, there are safer, more natural ways to cleanse your system.
Thanks to the liver and kidneys, the body is equipped to flush out toxins on its own.
As Hiranandani Hospital Kidney navigates the journey of aging, understanding the changes that occur in our kidneys is paramount for maintaining overall health and well-being. While age-related alterations in kidney function are inevitable, adopting a proactive approach to kidney health can significantly impact the trajectory of these changes.
URINARY SYSTEM, FLUID, ELECTROLYTES, AND ACID BASE BALANCE Final Presentatio...C-Jay Valeros
Our tireless urinary system acts as a filtration factory, keeping our blood clean. The two bean-shaped kidneys, located just below the ribcage, are the stars of the show. Millions of microscopic filtering units called nephrons within each kidney work overtime. Blood travels through these nephrons, where waste products like urea, a byproduct of breaking down proteins, and excess water are separated out.
Essential elements and water are meticulously reabsorbed back into the bloodstream, while the leftover liquid waste becomes urine. Thin tubes called ureters, one for each kidney, then act as pipelines, transporting the urine down to the bladder. The bladder, a muscular sac in the lower abdomen, acts as a reservoir, comfortably storing urine until you feel the urge to eliminate it. When it's time, muscles in the bladder contract, and urine travels down the urethra, a tube leading out of the body, to be voided.
International Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Invention (IJMSI) inventionjournals
International Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Invention (IJMSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJMSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Mathematics and Statistics, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
End-stage renal disease is a condition in which the kidneys no longer function normally and required excellent medical and nursing care for the managing this condition.
Healthy Kidneys , a happy fullfilled life.carolademun
Kidney Care and Treatment: A Brief Overview
Kidney Care
Maintaining kidney health is essential for overall well-being, as the kidneys perform critical functions such as filtering waste from the blood, regulating fluid and electrolyte balance, and producing hormones that control blood pressure and red blood cell production. Effective kidney care involves:
1.Healthy Diet:Consuming a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low in sodium and protein helps support kidney function.
2.Hydration: Drinking adequate water to help kidneys filter waste and prevent kidney stones and infections.
3.Blood Pressure Control: Managing blood pressure through diet, exercise, and medication if necessary to reduce strain on the kidneys.
4.Blood Sugar Management: Controlling blood sugar levels to prevent diabetic nephropathy, a leading cause of kidney disease.
5.Regular Exercise: Engaging in physical activity to maintain a healthy weight and improve overall health.
6.Avoiding Harmful Substances: Limiting alcohol, quitting smoking, and being cautious with medications that can harm the kidneys Kidney Treatment
Treatment for kidney-related issues varies based on the specific condition and its severity:
1. Medications: These include antihypertensive for blood pressure control, medications to manage diabetes, diuretics to reduce fluid buildup, and drugs to lower cholesterol.
2. Dialysis: For advanced kidney failure, dialysis may be necessary. Hemodialysis uses a machine to filter blood, while peritoneal dialysis uses the lining of the abdomen to filter blood internally.
3. Kidney Transplant: In cases of end-stage renal disease, a kidney transplant may be required, replacing the damaged kidney with a healthy one from a donor.
4. Lifestyle Modifications: Dietary changes, increased physical activity, and weight management are crucial for managing early-stage kidney disease and preventing progression.
Regular check-ups and early detection are vital for effective management and treatment of kidney conditions, ensuring better outcomes and improved quality of life.
Similar to KNOW YOU KIDNEYS AND YOUR KIDNEY DOCTOR (20)
1. KNOW YOU KIDNEYS AND YOUR KIDNEY DOCTOR
Kidney isanamazingorgan that playsa majorrole in keepingourbodycleanandhealthybyflushingout
unwantedwaste andtoxicmaterials,outof the body. Italsoplaysa role in regulatingblood
pressure,volumeof fluidandelectrolytesinthe body. Itisalsoinvolvedinmaintaininghemoglobinlevels
and regulatingbloodandbone levelsof calciumandphosphorusinthe body.
In recentyearsthere isa disturbingincrease inpatientssufferingfromdiabetesand hypertensionthat
has leadtoa remarkable increase inthe numberof patientssufferingfromchronickidneydisease.This
callsfor betterawarenessandunderstandingof kidneydiseases,itspreventionandearlytreatment.
Since kidneysare suchvital organsof the body,theyhave to be lookedafterbyspecializeddoctors,who
have beenspecificallytrainedtohandle kidneyproblems.These doctorsare called“Nephrologist”.
Contraryto the commonbelief bymostof the patientsanddoctorsinUAE, that kidneyproblemsare
deltbya Urologistor Cardiologist,neitherof these doctorsare specificallytrainedtodeal withkidney
problems. Urologistare mainlydealingwithkidneystone problemsandare basicallysurgeons.
Cardiologistare dealingwithproblemsrelatedtoheart.
A Nephrologist,aftercompletinghispostgraduationininternal medicine,undergoessuperspeciality
traininginkidneydiseasesforalmost4to 5 years,before he getshispostdoctoral degree in
Nephrology.
DuringhistraininginNephrology,he dealswithall typesof kidneyproblems,aboutdialysisandabout
kidneytransplantandhowtomanage these patients.
Thus all kidneyrelateddiseaseshave tobe seenandmanagedbya Nephrologist, asearlyaspossible ,so
that patientscan get maximumbenefitatthe righttime and save theirkidneysfrompermanent
damage.
Structure of Kidney
Kidneyproducesurine byremovingtoxicwaste productsandexcess waterfromthe body.Urine formed
inkidneypassesthroughureter, flowsintobladderbefore finallybeingexcretedthroughurethra.
Location, structure and functions of the kidneys are the same in males and females.Kidneysare
locatedat upperandback side of the abdomen,on eitherside of the spine (see diagram).Theyare
protectedfromdamage bythe lowerribs. Kidneyslie deepinsidethe abdomensonormallyone cannot
feel them. Kidneysare apairof beanshapedorgans.In adultsa kidneyis about10 cm long,6 cm broad
and 4 cm thick.It weighs approximately150-170 grams.
2. Why is kidney essential for the body?
We consume differentquantityandkindof foodeveryday.The quantityof water,salts,andacidsinour
bodyalsovariesevery day.The continuousprocessof convertingfoodintoenergyproduces harmful
toxicmaterials. These factorsleadtochange inthe amountof fluid,electrolytesand acidsinthe body.
Thisaccumulationof unwantedtoxicmaterials canbe life threatening. Kidneyscarryoutthe extremely
essential cleansingjobof flushing outharmful andpoisonousacidicandtoxicproducts.Atthe same
time,theyalsoregulate andmaintainthe rightbalance andlevelsof water,electrolytesandacidbase.
What are the functions of the kidney?
1. Removal of waste products
Purificationof bloodbyremoval of waste productsisthe mostimportant functionof the kidney.The
foodthat we consume containsprotein.Proteinisnecessaryfor the growthandrepairof the body.But
as proteinisutilizedbythe body itproduceswaste products.Accumulationof these wasteproductsis
like poisonforthe body.Kidneyfiltersblood,andtoxicwaste products are excretedinthe urine.
Creatinine andureaare twoimportantwaste products,the amountof whichin humanbodycan easily
be measured.Their‘value’inblood reflectsthe functionof the kidney.Whenboththe kidneysfail,value
of creatinine andureawill be highinbloodtest.
2. Removal of excessfluid
The secondmost importantfunctionof the kidneyisregulationof fluid balance byexcretingextra
amountof wateras urine andretainingnecessaryamountof waterinthe body.Sothe kidneymaintains
the right amountof waterin the body. Whenkidneysfail theylosethe abilityof removingthisextra
amountof wateras urine. Excesswaterinthe bodyleadstoswelling.
3. 3. Balance mineralsand chemicals
The kidneyplaysanotherimportantrole of regulatingmineralsandchemicalslike sodium,potassium,
hydrogen,calcium,phosphorus,magnesiumandbicarbonate;andmaintains normal compositionof body
fluid.
Change inthe sodiumlevel canaffectsensorium,whilechange inthe potassiumlevelcanhave serious
effectsonthe rhythmof the heartand functioningof the muscles.Maintenance of normal levelof the
calciumand phosphorusis essential forhealthybonesandteeth.
4. Control of blood pressure
The kidneyproducesdifferenthormones(renin, angiotensin,aldosterone,prostaglandinetc) and
regulateswaterandsaltinthe body,whichplays vital role incontrol of bloodpressure.Disturbancesin
hormone productionand regulationof saltandwaterina patientof kidneyfailure causeshighblood
pressure.
5. Red bloodcellsproduction
Erythropoietinproducedinthe kidneyplaysanimportantrole inthe productionof redbloodcells(RBC).
In kidneyfailure productionof erythropoietinisless,whichinturnleadstodecreasedproductionof RBC
resultinginlowhemoglobin(anemia). Because of low productionof erythropoietininpatientswith
renal failure the hemoglobincountdoesnotimprove inspite of supplementationof ironandvitamins.
6. To maintain healthy bones
The kidneyconvertsvitaminDintoitsactive formwhichisessential for the absorptionof calciumfrom
food,growthof the bonesandteeth,andtokeepbone healthy.Inkidneyfailuredue todecreasedactive
vitaminD,growthof bonesisreducedandtheyalsobecome weak. Growthretardationmaybe the first
signof kidneyfailure inchildren.
Symptomsof kidneydiseasesvaryfrompersontoperson.A lotdepends onthe type of underlying
disease anditsseverity.Oftensymptomsare general andvague,andtherefore the diseaseisnot
diagnosedinthe earlystages.
Common symptomsof kidneydiseases:
Swellingofthe face
Loss of appetite,nausea,vomiting
High bloodpressure – Hypertension
Anemiaand weakness
Nonspecificcomplains- Lowback pain,bodyache,itchingandlegcramps are frequent
complainsinkidneydisease.Retardationof growth,shortstature andbendingof legbonesare
commonin childrenwithkidneyfailure.
4. Urinary complains-
Commonurinarycomplainsare :
1. Reductioninurine volume,whichcausesswelling,isverycommon invariouskidneydiseases.
2. Burningsensationinurine,frequenturinationandpassingof blood orpusinurine are symptomsof
urinarytract infection.
3. Obstructionto flowof urine canleadto difficultyandstrainingin ‘voiding’(passingurine),poor
streamof urine ordrop to drop voiding.
In severe conditions,completeinabilitytopassurine isnotuncommon. Althoughapersonmayhave
some of the above mentionedsymptoms andsigns,itdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatthe personis
sufferingfrom kidneydisease.
However,inthe presence of suchsymptoms,itishighly recommendedtoconsultthe Nephrologist and
to rule outany possibilityof kidneydisease bytestsandcheckups. Itisimportanttorememberthat
seriouskidneyproblemmayexistsilently foralongperiodwithoutsignificantsymptomsandsigns.
Writtenby,
Dr Manish Triapthi,
Specialist- A Nephrologist,
GMC Hospital,
Ajman,
UAE.