Information & Awareness on HIV and AIDS

1. AID TO
KNOW AIDS
FOR
NO AIDS
BY: RAJESH VASHISTH kvsguru
07/25/19 1

2. What is a vaccine?
A vaccine is an
antigenic preparation
used to establish
immunity to a disease.
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3. White blood cells are an important part of this
defense, which fight and destroy the infection-
causing bacteria and viruses. HIV directly
attacks, enters and stays inside these white blood
cells. Slowly, the number of white blood cells in
the body is reduced and the immune system is
paralysed.
HIV -----------Human Immunodeficiency Virus
An HIV+ person can appear healthy and carry out
most of the day to day activities.
Immune System
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4. What is the time frame for these
responses?
Localized Infection in
Mucosal Tissue
1-3 days
Spread throughout
the body
6-9 days
Regional Spread
and Latency
3-5 days
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5. HIV
Virus
T-Cell
HIV Infected
T-Cell
New HIV
Virus
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During HIV infection, millions of viral particles are present in the blood
stream. They continuously infect cells of the immune system. As the immune
system becomes progressively more damaged, HIV disease becomes
more advanced and eventually the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
(AIDS) develops. A person is said to have AIDS when the immune system is
completely destroyed and potentially opportunistic infections invade the body.

6. Semen
11,000 Vaginal
Fluid
7,000
Blood
18,000
Amniotic
Fluid
4,000 Saliva
1
Average number of HIV particles in 1 ml of these body fluids07/25/19 6

7. Factors that put an individual at risk.
Curiosity about sex.
Unsafe and high risk sexual behaviour.
Not following “safe sex”.
Limited information on growing up and
sexuality issue.
Early marriages.
Work for survival.
Experimentation with drugs and
alcohol.07/25/19 7

8. Can one tell if a person is HIV+
A person living with HIV may
not show any external signs
of the infection, he/she may
continue to be healthy but
can infect others.
The only way to find out if
one has HIV is to have an HIV
test.The test requires a
person to give a sample of
blood which is tested for the
antibodies which the body
produces to fight HIV.
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9. Tests used for HIV detection
Rapid Test / Spot Test
ELISA
Western Blot
PCR-DNA
The Elisa/Rapid/spot tests are screening tests
that need to be confirmed by Western Blot
test. They detect antibodies of HIV. PCR-DNA
detects the presence of the virus.
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10. VCTCs provide pre and post HIV test counselling
to understand the need for testing as well as the
test results
Counsellors are bound by confidentiality- that
means that whatever is shared should not be
shared or discussed with others
V C T C
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11. Progress of HIV in the body
Entry of virus in the body through
any of the 4 routes.
6 Wks–6 months.[appearance of
antibodies]
No symptoms 5–10 yrs.
Uncontrolled diarrhea and fever,
Unexplained weight loss, general
weakness, enlarged lymph nodes,
skin infections & opportunistic
infections
HIV Infection
Window period
Silent Infection
AIDS
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12. AIDS results from infection from HIV:
Acquired
Immune
 Deficiency
Syndrome:
Not genetically inherited but
contracted from somebody.
Inadequacy of the body’s main
defense mechanism to fight
external disease producing
organisms.
Not just one disease or
symptom, a group of diseases
or symptoms present in the
body.
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13. Signs and symptoms of AIDS
As the person’s immune system starts getting weak,
signs and symptoms of AIDS develop. These can be
Weight loss greater than 10% of previous body weight.
Fever longer than 1 month.
Diarrhea longer than 1 month.
Persistent severe fatigue.
Repeated infections
These symptoms can also occur in people who do not
have HIV infection. However, when several of these
occur at the same time in one person and are persistent,
they may indicate the development of AIDS and need to
be investigated.
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14.  The body produces lots of “antibodies” against
HIV, but rarely makes the right type that
“neutralize” the virus. This is the Neutralizing
Antibody Challenge.
 HIV replicates rapidly and mutates along the
way, giving rise to immense diversity. This is the
Variability Challenge.
 Helper T cells (CD4 cells) regulate the immune
response. HIV infects and destroys these cells.
But, why is it so difficult to make a vaccine against HIV?
What are the challenges to be overcome for making a successful HIV
vaccine?
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15. VaxGen’s AIDSVAX (1998)
Recombinant gp120 to raise anti-
HIV antibodies
Showed no protection
Trial failed 2003
USA and Thailand (2003)
Canarypox-gp120 prime, rec
gp120 boost
Final results 2009; expected to
fail
Merck STEP (2004)
3 HIV genes in cold virus; adenovirus Ad5
More infection in vaccines than controls
Trial failed; stopped 2007
PAVE 100 (2008)
Naked DNA with HIV genes to
prime
HIV genes in cold virus to boost
Trial cancelled
HIV-AIDS Vaccine Trials
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16. Practice the ABC to Prevent HIV
 A –
Abstinence.
 B – Be
Faithful.
 C –
Condom’s
Use:
Correctly
and
Consistently
Can we ever conquer
HIV?
Yes
We have to better
understand the virus and
how the human body
responds to it.
More young people have
to think innovatively to
defeat this virus.
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There is a lot young people/adults can do to protect themselves from HIV
infection:
Learn the facts about growing up and HIV/AIDS.
Clarify doubts and fears. Practice self-denial.
Deal with and Avoid peer pressure for unsafe sexual activities.
Alcohol and other drugs cloud one’s judgment and make one prone to unsafe sexual
practices.
Needles, syringes or other instruments that pierce the skin, should be made sterile.

17. RememberAids doesn’t spread by drinking from the same cup, because
it can’t live in air or spittle.
Aids doesn’t spread by a mosquito bite because mosquito
can’t carry the human virus of HIV
Aids doesn’t Spread in a hand shaking, because the virus
doesn’t live in air or on skin.
Aids doesn’t spread in kiss, because in the spittle they are
enzymes that neutralized the virus.
Aids can’t be spread in a full sexual intercourse with condom
because the condom prevents infected body fluids.
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18. How one may catch up
HIV?
The virus spread from human to human by body fluids : Blood, Semen, female
vagina fluids and mother’s milk.
Aids also do spread by using common needle, because AIDS lives in the blood,
due to that fact, drugs addict are extremely vulnerable for HIV infection.
Aids is spreading by a breast feeding, because it can live within mother milks.
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19. Oral Sex
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Few words on Oral Sex
The chances catching as a results of
sucking male sexual organ or sucking
woman genitalia is indeed lower than
real penetration without a condom,
but it is still considered as dangerous
intercourse. The people who are more
at risk are the people who are
licking .Oral sex without condom is
not safe .

20. What is the connection
between Drugs and Alcohol?
Alcohol and drugs lead for
misjudgment, so if drunk better
follow the rules of safe sex, and
for drugs injections, of course it’s
dangerous for itself, but using a
common needle can transpose
the virus.
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21. How you know?
You can’t identify a person who carries
HIV and in most cases, he/she himself doesn’t
know about it. You can find out the virus only in
HIV tests. A person can carry the virus for many
years, he can be seen, feel and function as usual, but
at some point, when his immune system crushes, the
HIV carrier might be down with diseases.
 Don’t hope from your partner to tell you, that he/she
carries the HIV virus. Because in most cases he
himself is ignorant, many people are living with
denial, because most people living with the virus are
feared from rejection and anger, even though you
love each other.
 The responsibility of defending your health is
only in your hands!
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22. What is Safe
Sex?
Safe sex is sex with condom,
ALWAYS.
The first rule in a safe sex is
looking in every partner has a
potential virus carry, because
you can’t really see on a
person, if he carries the virus
or not.
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23. Suggested tips
To reduce the risk you have to…
Avoid ejaculation in mouth
Avoid sucking woman sexual organ during period.
Avoid swallowing female secreting
Make sure no active herpes wounds or others
wounds
 Blood should be tested before transfusion and
should be certified HIV free.
Seek Treatment that will prevent Mother to
Child Transmission is now available in all
government medical hospitals.
Suggested not to brush teeth two hours, because
of gums sensitivity
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24. girls…
Due to your biological
structure as a woman,
you’re more exposed to
catch the virus.
Therefore make sure, he
wears condom, it can
save the embarrassment
and even make the
relation more joyful.
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25. OPEN SESSION
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SPECIAL THANKS TO :
1. Dr. Shahid Jameel
International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology ,New Delhi
shahid@icgeb.res.in
2. Dr. Rajeev Gupta , Ayurvedacharya
3. NCERT , New – Delhi
4. Micheal’s Care Home , New – Delhi
5. NAWAZ KHAN , SAHARA , Greater – Kailash , New – Delhi
6. Dr. Sanjay Kumar , Ayushyam , Sonepat , Haryana
7. Chami Gangte , Churachandpur , Manipur
8. NACO , INDIA
9. Vimal Bhai , NAPM
10. Google
RAJESH VASHISTH
kvsguru
KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA
SANGATHAN