anatomy and physiology of renal system

1. Anatomy of the Urinary
System
Kidneys
(urine formation)
Lower Urinary Tract
Ureters (2)
Bladder (1)
Urethra (1)
(urine collection, storage,
excretion)

2. Cortex
Glomeruli
Medulla
Renal tubules
(with calyces forming
the medulary pyramids)
Ureter
Takes urine to bladder
Blood carried to the
kidney by the renal
artery and taken away
by the renal vein.
Cortex
Medulla
Renal artery
Renal vein
Renal pelvis
Ureter
Renal hilum

3. Each KIDNEY consists of 1 million NEPHRONS
Each nephron consists of a:
GLOMERULUS (found in cortex)
forms a protein-free filtrate from blood
TUBULE (found in medulla)
processes the filtrate to form urine
Each TUBULE consists of several segments:
Proximal tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal Tubule
Collecting Ducts.

4. Functional Unit of the Kidney is the NEPHRON
Glomerulus
Proximal Tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal Tubule
Collecting Duct

5. Kidney Functions
1. Regulation of water, electrolyte balance,
pH
2. Removal of waste from blood and
excretion of urine.
3. Secretion of hormones
Erythropoietin
Renin
Vitamin D3