kidney infection

1. Burao collage of health science
Presentation: kidney infection ( pylonephritis)

2. 1. Naema faisal adam.
2. Hanan nuoh ismaciil.
3. Bashir Mohamed ducale.
4. Najah Ahmed Hassan.

3. objectives
 overview anatomy and physiology.
 Definition.
 Etiology.
 Pathophysiology.
 Sign and symptoms.
 Risk factor.
 Diagnosis.
 Management.
 Complication.
 Education & teaching.
 Prevention.

4. Overview: anatomy and physiology

5.  Kidney infection(pyelonephritis): is a painful and unpleasant illness caused
by bacteria traveling from your bladder into oneor both of your kidney. In rare cases
 Kidney infection: is a type of urinary tract infection (uti).
 Kidney infection may begin in the tube that carries urine from the body (urethra) or in the bladder.
 Its more serious than cystitis, a common infection of the bladder that makes urinating painful.
Definition

7. pathophysiology
 Pathophysiology. Acute pyelonephritis results from bacterial invasion of the
renal parenchyma.
 Bacteria usually reach the kidney by ascending from the lower urinary tract.
In all age groups, episodes of bacteriuria occur commonly, but most are
asymptomatic and do not lead to infection.

8. Types of pyelonephritis
 Acute pylonephristis: it’s sudden and severe, and caused by a bacterial urinary tract infection (UTI).
 Chronic pylonephristis: it’s rare, and more serious than the acute from. It is due to congenital
anomalies that hinder the normal emptying of the renal collecting tubules, recurring acute
pyelonephritis.

9. HALLMARK SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
 Fever.
 Chills.
 Aburning feeling or pain when urinating.
 Having to urinate often.
 A strong, lasting urge to urinate.
 Back, side or groin pain.
 Nausea and vomiting.
 Pus or blood in the urine.
 Urine that smells bad or is cloudy.
 Belly pain.
 • Frequency due to irritation of bladder muscles
 • Urgency due to irritation of bladder muscle.
 Low back pain.

11. Risk factor
Common risk factors in the development of pyelonephritis include:
 renal calcul.
 urinary tract catheterization.
 Pregnancy.
 diabetes mellitus.
 benign prostatic hyperplasia.

12. Dagnosis
 Clinically: history taking and physical examination.
 Laboratory test:
• CBC.
• urinalysis and urine culture.
 X-ray.
 CT scan.

13. Medical management
Commonly used antibiotics for kidney infections include ciprofloxacin,
cefalexin, co-amoxiclav or trimethoprim.
Painkillers such as paracetamol can ease pain and reduce a high temperature
(fever).

14. Nursing management
 Monitor intake and output.
 Monitor vital signs for changes, signs of fever.
 Encourage fluid intake.
 Encourage cranberry juice to acidify urine.
 Teach patient that phenazopyridine will cause orange-colored urine.
 Assess the patient's urinary symptoms.
 Assess the patient's description of pain.

15. continue
 Assess the flanks and costovertebral angle (CVA). ...
 Monitor laboratory tests as indicated. ...
 Administer medications as indicated. ...
 Increase fluids as ordered. ...
 Encourage the patient to avoid urinary tract irritants.
 To control the infection & reduce the symptoms.
 Reducing body temperature.

17. Complication
 Recurrence of pyelonephritis.
 Perinephric abscess ( infection around the kidney).
 Sepsis.
 Acute renal failure.
 Chronic renal failure.
 Kidney scarring.
 high blood pressure.
 kidney failure.

18. Health eduction and teaching
Nutritional health
Choose and prepare foods with less salt and sodium.
 Eat the right amount and kind of protein.
 Choose foods that are healthy for your heart.
 Choose foods based on phosphorus and potassium content (if restricted)
 Make choices that help with diabetes management.

19. continue
Home care
 take all the medicine you were prescribed, even if you feel better. Not
finishing the medicine can make the infection come back. It may also make
a future infection harder to treat.
 Unless told not to by your health care provider, drink 8 to 12 glasses of fluid
every day. Clear fluids, such as water are best.
 drinking plenty of fluids (plain water is best)
 going to the loo as soon as you feel the need to, rather than holding it in.
 going to the loo after sex.
 wiping from front to back after going to the loo.

20. Healthful Foods for Fighting Kidney Disease
 Blueberries. Blueberries and other dark berries like strawberries and
raspberries are among the best sources of antioxidants to help protect your
kidneys. ...
 Cauliflower. ...
 Olive Oil. ...
 Garlic. ...
 Bell Peppers. ...
 Cabbage. ...
 Skinless Chicken. ...
 Arugula.
Continue……….

21. prevention
1. Drink fluids, especially water. Fluids can help remove bacteria from the body
when you urinate.
2. Urinate as soon as you need to. Don't delay urinating when you feel the urge.
3. Empty the bladder after sexual intercourse. ...
4. Wipe carefully. ...
5. Avoid using products in the genital area.
6. Stay Hydrated. Staying hydrated is one of the best ways to help relieve infection
and the discomfort that symptoms cause. ...
7. Drink Cranberry Juice. ...
8. Avoid Irritants. ...
9. Take an Epsom Bath.