This document discusses enterprise challenge funds (ECFs), which are instruments used by aid agencies to provide targeted subsidies to inclusive business ventures in developing countries. It examines the rationale for using ECFs, their design, and whether they are effective tools. ECFs provide firm-specific incentives on a competitive basis to encourage investments that benefit the poor as suppliers, employees or consumers. The document analyzes the objectives and types of poverty reduction interventions, and provides a decision tree for determining what type of assistance is most appropriate. It concludes there are two main types of ECFs - those that support small business development, and those that encourage large companies to engage small suppliers and employees.
Impact investing aims to generate financial returns while solving social or environmental challenges by investing in small- and medium-sized enterprises that offer innovative but high-risk solutions, providing them with flexible, patient funding and support beyond what traditional sources offer; examples include the Low Carbon Enterprise Fund which invests in global businesses reducing carbon emissions. However, impact funds also face limitations in their ability to support entrepreneurs and achieve scale due to constraints of their market-based approach, focus on commercial returns alongside impact, and limited capital and expertise.
On March 9, 2010, the DFW HR Roundtable discussed compensation and benefits in a recessionary economy. The featured speaker was Linda Wilkins of Wilkins Law. The discussion included:
- Executive compensation trends:
- Long-term performance plans
- Equity awards - types, terms and costs
- Employee benefit plan trends
- Group medical plans: design and cost
- For public companies: points to consider when
preparing your proxy statement
The document describes Cheetah's innovative finance models for smallholder farmers in Africa. It proposes setting up an Africa Farmers Collateral Fund that would provide loans to farmer groups, guaranteed by Cheetah and the farmers' crops. A separate Africa Agriculture Equity Fund would make equity investments in agribusinesses along the food chain. Both funds would be capitalized by impact investors taking on the highest risks. The models aim to address key challenges of lack of access to finance and reliable markets that have hindered smallholder success by linking loans to crop sales and technical support.
Firms frequently face difficult decisions about the scope of activities to perform inhouse, and whether to perform them alone as a solo venture or to perform them collaboratively with one or more partners. As mentioned in Chapter Two, a significant portion of innovation arises not from any single individual or organization, but instead from the collaborative efforts of multiple individuals or organizations
1. The document discusses factors that influence a firm's decision to collaborate or go solo on an innovation project, including whether they have the necessary capabilities in-house, protecting proprietary technologies, and controlling the development process.
2. Some common types of collaborations are strategic alliances, joint ventures, outsourcing, and collective research organizations. Strategic alliances range from informal to highly structured joint ventures.
3. Choosing the right partners is important for collaboration success. Partners should have complementary resources and aligned objectives. Successful collaborations also require governance mechanisms to monitor partners' adherence to their roles and responsibilities.
Ownership Structure & Venture Capital-B.V.RaghunandanSVS College
Operations of venture capital and private equity and their relevance to Indian economy,as delivered by B.V.Raghunandan in a guest lecture to MBA students of St.Josaeph's Engineering College at Vamanjoor, Mangalore Dt., Karnataka state in India on April 4, 2008
Princeton graduate Benjamin Spacapan has several years of experience in the financial services industry and is concurrently working toward law and MBA degrees from Harvard Law School and Harvard Business School. As an associate at the private equity fund manager HIG Capital, Benjamin Spacapan analyzed middle market opportunities and managed portfolio companies for institutional capital.
Funds of funds or multi-manager investments are a special kind of private equity fund that replaces some typical investment avenues. Here are answers to some common questions that surround them:
Q: What is a fund of funds?
A: A fund of funds is a type of investment vehicle that primarily holds a portfolio of other funds. Effectively, this allows people to invest in a fund rather than directly into stocks, bonds, or securities.
Q: What are the advantages?
A: Typically, fund of funds managers have access to top-performing equity partnerships that wouldn’t otherwise be available to some investors.
Q: What about the disadvantages?
A: The biggest disadvantage is the increased management costs associated with a fund of funds. These costs include management fees of the fund itself as well as management fees of the underlying funds.
Impact investing aims to generate financial returns while solving social or environmental challenges by investing in small- and medium-sized enterprises that offer innovative but high-risk solutions, providing them with flexible, patient funding and support beyond what traditional sources offer; examples include the Low Carbon Enterprise Fund which invests in global businesses reducing carbon emissions. However, impact funds also face limitations in their ability to support entrepreneurs and achieve scale due to constraints of their market-based approach, focus on commercial returns alongside impact, and limited capital and expertise.
On March 9, 2010, the DFW HR Roundtable discussed compensation and benefits in a recessionary economy. The featured speaker was Linda Wilkins of Wilkins Law. The discussion included:
- Executive compensation trends:
- Long-term performance plans
- Equity awards - types, terms and costs
- Employee benefit plan trends
- Group medical plans: design and cost
- For public companies: points to consider when
preparing your proxy statement
The document describes Cheetah's innovative finance models for smallholder farmers in Africa. It proposes setting up an Africa Farmers Collateral Fund that would provide loans to farmer groups, guaranteed by Cheetah and the farmers' crops. A separate Africa Agriculture Equity Fund would make equity investments in agribusinesses along the food chain. Both funds would be capitalized by impact investors taking on the highest risks. The models aim to address key challenges of lack of access to finance and reliable markets that have hindered smallholder success by linking loans to crop sales and technical support.
Firms frequently face difficult decisions about the scope of activities to perform inhouse, and whether to perform them alone as a solo venture or to perform them collaboratively with one or more partners. As mentioned in Chapter Two, a significant portion of innovation arises not from any single individual or organization, but instead from the collaborative efforts of multiple individuals or organizations
1. The document discusses factors that influence a firm's decision to collaborate or go solo on an innovation project, including whether they have the necessary capabilities in-house, protecting proprietary technologies, and controlling the development process.
2. Some common types of collaborations are strategic alliances, joint ventures, outsourcing, and collective research organizations. Strategic alliances range from informal to highly structured joint ventures.
3. Choosing the right partners is important for collaboration success. Partners should have complementary resources and aligned objectives. Successful collaborations also require governance mechanisms to monitor partners' adherence to their roles and responsibilities.
Ownership Structure & Venture Capital-B.V.RaghunandanSVS College
Operations of venture capital and private equity and their relevance to Indian economy,as delivered by B.V.Raghunandan in a guest lecture to MBA students of St.Josaeph's Engineering College at Vamanjoor, Mangalore Dt., Karnataka state in India on April 4, 2008
Princeton graduate Benjamin Spacapan has several years of experience in the financial services industry and is concurrently working toward law and MBA degrees from Harvard Law School and Harvard Business School. As an associate at the private equity fund manager HIG Capital, Benjamin Spacapan analyzed middle market opportunities and managed portfolio companies for institutional capital.
Funds of funds or multi-manager investments are a special kind of private equity fund that replaces some typical investment avenues. Here are answers to some common questions that surround them:
Q: What is a fund of funds?
A: A fund of funds is a type of investment vehicle that primarily holds a portfolio of other funds. Effectively, this allows people to invest in a fund rather than directly into stocks, bonds, or securities.
Q: What are the advantages?
A: Typically, fund of funds managers have access to top-performing equity partnerships that wouldn’t otherwise be available to some investors.
Q: What about the disadvantages?
A: The biggest disadvantage is the increased management costs associated with a fund of funds. These costs include management fees of the fund itself as well as management fees of the underlying funds.
Sample Powerpoint without Charts and AnalyticsSherry Morisch
1) The document discusses working capital, which refers to the current assets that an organization uses for operations like developing, testing, and distributing products and services.
2) Managers must analyze working capital usage, financing methods, cash levels, and capacity to meet shareholder and customer demands.
3) The document also discusses short-term financing options like credit policies, the maturity matching approach, and the aggressive approach.
'EIS & Crowdfunding: regulatory considerations' Gill Roche-Saunders from Bovi...Bovill
While the case for diversifying a portfolio into alternatives is well understood, the practical challenges can be hard to overcome. EIS arrangements and crowdfunding platforms are an increasingly popular option to access alternative investments and are not restricted by the same obstacles that apply to unregulated collective investment schemes.
As a consultant with UK regulatory consultancy Bovill, Gillian presented on how the regulatory regime applies to these types of investments and what intermediaries need to consider when recommending them.
A Rare International Dialogue (Sunday, May 12, 2019)
Theme One: Diagnosis and Beyond
Cell and Gene Therapy from Laboratory to Market
Workshop G-Danielle Rollmann, Next Wave Consulting
This document discusses governing and managing collaborative applied research and development (R&D). It outlines three levels of collaboration - communication, coordination, and co-investment. It also describes three governance options for collaborative R&D - full co-investment, coordination, and communication. The full co-investment model involves pooled resources and integrated management, while the communication model keeps resources separate. Key aspects of governance include clarifying expectations, articulating the value of collaboration, setting decision-making processes, and using program management agreements and research contracts. Scoping research questions, understanding end-user contexts, and clarifying knowledge needs are also important strategies.
Sme Financing International Best Practicesguest76ed2bc
The document discusses best practices for SME financing based on international experience. It outlines the importance of SMEs and factors that support entrepreneurship. Key recommendations include simplifying regulations to encourage financing, developing credit guarantee programs and equity investment funds through public-private partnerships, and providing management training. A pilot program is proposed involving government-backed loans to attract private equity investors into new SME investment funds.
This proposal summarizes a job creation strategy focused on incentivizing private sector investment in Vermont-based industries aligned with the state's brand. The strategy would establish an independent program manager accountable for goals like recruiting companies in high-tech fields like software, renewable energy and manufacturing. Key collaborators identified include local universities to develop skills programs, aligning public agencies' missions to support the effort, and engaging private industry and investors to sponsor Vermont businesses and market the state as a business location. The roles of each collaborator are outlined, with the program manager responsible for the overall success and coalition. Industries and locations are identified that could synergize with Vermont's strengths and help address its challenges to attract investment.
This proposal summarizes a job creation strategy focused on incentivizing private sector investment in Vermont-based industries aligned with the state's brand. The strategy would establish an independent program manager accountable for goals like recruiting companies in high-tech fields like software, renewable energy and manufacturing. Key collaborators identified include local universities to develop skills programs, aligning public agencies' missions to support the effort, and engaging private industry and investors to sponsor Vermont businesses and market the state as a business location. The roles of each collaborator are outlined, with the program manager responsible for the overall success and coalition. Industries and locations are identified that could synergize with Vermont's strengths and help address its challenges to attract investment.
Hedge Funds: Trends and Insight From the Industry and InvestorsManagedFunds
The hedge fund industry has grown tremendously over the last decade from $625 billion in assets in 2002 to a record high of $2.7 trillion in the first quarter of 2014, fueled by institutional investors seeking ways to diversify and generate reliable returns. Institutional investors such as public and private pensions, endowments, and foundations now account for 66% of hedge fund assets. The presentation provides an overview of industry growth trends, the types of institutional investors involved, and their reasons for investing in hedge funds. It also outlines expectations for continued growth in 2014.
This document provides an overview of key principles and best practices for including financial components in agricultural and rural development programs using a market systems approach. The three key points summarized are:
1) The facilitation role is important - projects should avoid directly providing financial services and instead facilitate initiatives from specialized financial organizations.
2) Support should focus on strengthening existing financial intermediaries that best serve target groups, and supporting policymakers to establish incentives through regulation.
3) Areas for smart subsidies include building the capacity of financial intermediaries, strengthening financial literacy, developing supportive policies and regulations, and building financial sector infrastructure. Direct subsidies should generally be avoided.
Firms frequently face difficult decisions about the scope of activities to perform inhouse, and whether to perform them alone as a solo venture or to perform them collaboratively with one or more partners.
SEI is a leading provider of integrated asset and retirement solutions serving about 8,200 clients, including banks, trust institutions, wealth management organizations, independent investment advisors, retirement plan sponsors, corporations, non-profit orgs, investment managers, hedge fund managers, and high-net-worth families. SEI administers $751 billion in mutual fund and pooled assets ($281 billion in assets under management and $470 billion in client’s assets under administration).
Ignite your...venture crowd presentation 8 oct 2012Alan Scrase
NESTA will present the findings of their recently published report The Venture Crowd. Crowdfunding is big business. The idea of financing projects or businesses with small contributions from large numbers of people is catching on in a big way and now accounts for significant amounts of money. In 2011 alone, €1.5 billion was raised through crowdfunding for projects and businesses in need of funds.
Nesta is an independent charity with a mission to help people and organisations bring great ideas to life. They do this by providing investments and grants and mobilising research, networks and skills.
The document discusses establishing an Agri-Business Incubator (ABI) through a partnership between Agri-Business Inc. and ICAR-BPD Units under the National Agriculture Innovation Project Component 1. It outlines the essential elements needed for an ABI business plan such as vision, objectives, business model, marketing plan, operations plan, administration plan, and financial plan. It also discusses defining the ABI's focus, location, organizational structure, services provided, revenue model, and next steps to finalize a partnership proposal.
This document summarizes a research study that examined the effect of financial bootstrapping strategies on the sustainability of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Kanduyi sub-county, Kenya. The study found that owner financing methods, minimizing accounts receivable, joint utilization of resources, delaying payments, and minimizing capital investment all had a significant positive effect on the financial sustainability of SMEs. The study concluded that entrepreneurs should utilize these bootstrapping strategies as alternative financing sources to reduce costs and improve their financial sustainability.
El documento presenta una guía de 8 pasos para analizar problemas de competencia en los mercados. Estos incluyen analizar las fuerzas en el sector, el mercado objetivo, y las capacidades internas de la empresa para desarrollar una estrategia competitiva efectiva. El análisis considera factores como proveedores, competidores, sustitutos, canales de distribución, necesidades de los clientes, y los recursos y debilidades de la empresa. El objetivo es comprender mejor el entorno competitivo y tomar decisiones estratégicas para mejorar la posición de la
When building apps for the Salesforce AppExchange, having a well-designed API around your application will draw in the developer audience and make your app more successful. Join us as step-by-step, we'll explore the principles of good API design, including security, ease of use, integration, and adaptability. We'll also give examples of API documentation and specific Force.com guidelines for APIs.
Since 2007, ExactTarget has offered the Embedded Partner Program, which enables partners to OEM our technology in vertically-tailored solutions. Join us as we provide an overview of the Embedded Partner Program and the technology behind the scenes that makes it possible. We'll also show how we're making it even easier for our Embedded partners to build world-class marketing solutions using the Fuel Cloud Editor, the ExactTarget Fuel Platform's highly configurable, extensible, and easy to use content editor.
Development Strategies for Enterprise Scale From the Salesforce.com PlatformSalesforce Developers
What are the new developer tools and methodologies that will allow you to build for enterprise scale on the Salesforce Platform? How can you hit new scale boundaries, and deliver value beyond your wildest expectations? Hungry for more? Join the Platform Data Services team where we'll show how we are using Big Data technologies to help you manage, store and retain your data.
Project NOAH conducted post-disaster assessments of areas impacted by Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines. The assessment documented the population and percentage of deaths relative to the 2010 population levels for several cities and municipalities in Leyte province. Tacloban City had the largest population of over 221,000 people and experienced 2,394 deaths, representing 1.1% of its 2010 population. Tanauan, Leyte had over 1,000 deaths, comprising 2.5% of its population, while Palo, Leyte reported 1,089 deaths or 1.7% of its residents.
Sample Powerpoint without Charts and AnalyticsSherry Morisch
1) The document discusses working capital, which refers to the current assets that an organization uses for operations like developing, testing, and distributing products and services.
2) Managers must analyze working capital usage, financing methods, cash levels, and capacity to meet shareholder and customer demands.
3) The document also discusses short-term financing options like credit policies, the maturity matching approach, and the aggressive approach.
'EIS & Crowdfunding: regulatory considerations' Gill Roche-Saunders from Bovi...Bovill
While the case for diversifying a portfolio into alternatives is well understood, the practical challenges can be hard to overcome. EIS arrangements and crowdfunding platforms are an increasingly popular option to access alternative investments and are not restricted by the same obstacles that apply to unregulated collective investment schemes.
As a consultant with UK regulatory consultancy Bovill, Gillian presented on how the regulatory regime applies to these types of investments and what intermediaries need to consider when recommending them.
A Rare International Dialogue (Sunday, May 12, 2019)
Theme One: Diagnosis and Beyond
Cell and Gene Therapy from Laboratory to Market
Workshop G-Danielle Rollmann, Next Wave Consulting
This document discusses governing and managing collaborative applied research and development (R&D). It outlines three levels of collaboration - communication, coordination, and co-investment. It also describes three governance options for collaborative R&D - full co-investment, coordination, and communication. The full co-investment model involves pooled resources and integrated management, while the communication model keeps resources separate. Key aspects of governance include clarifying expectations, articulating the value of collaboration, setting decision-making processes, and using program management agreements and research contracts. Scoping research questions, understanding end-user contexts, and clarifying knowledge needs are also important strategies.
Sme Financing International Best Practicesguest76ed2bc
The document discusses best practices for SME financing based on international experience. It outlines the importance of SMEs and factors that support entrepreneurship. Key recommendations include simplifying regulations to encourage financing, developing credit guarantee programs and equity investment funds through public-private partnerships, and providing management training. A pilot program is proposed involving government-backed loans to attract private equity investors into new SME investment funds.
This proposal summarizes a job creation strategy focused on incentivizing private sector investment in Vermont-based industries aligned with the state's brand. The strategy would establish an independent program manager accountable for goals like recruiting companies in high-tech fields like software, renewable energy and manufacturing. Key collaborators identified include local universities to develop skills programs, aligning public agencies' missions to support the effort, and engaging private industry and investors to sponsor Vermont businesses and market the state as a business location. The roles of each collaborator are outlined, with the program manager responsible for the overall success and coalition. Industries and locations are identified that could synergize with Vermont's strengths and help address its challenges to attract investment.
This proposal summarizes a job creation strategy focused on incentivizing private sector investment in Vermont-based industries aligned with the state's brand. The strategy would establish an independent program manager accountable for goals like recruiting companies in high-tech fields like software, renewable energy and manufacturing. Key collaborators identified include local universities to develop skills programs, aligning public agencies' missions to support the effort, and engaging private industry and investors to sponsor Vermont businesses and market the state as a business location. The roles of each collaborator are outlined, with the program manager responsible for the overall success and coalition. Industries and locations are identified that could synergize with Vermont's strengths and help address its challenges to attract investment.
Hedge Funds: Trends and Insight From the Industry and InvestorsManagedFunds
The hedge fund industry has grown tremendously over the last decade from $625 billion in assets in 2002 to a record high of $2.7 trillion in the first quarter of 2014, fueled by institutional investors seeking ways to diversify and generate reliable returns. Institutional investors such as public and private pensions, endowments, and foundations now account for 66% of hedge fund assets. The presentation provides an overview of industry growth trends, the types of institutional investors involved, and their reasons for investing in hedge funds. It also outlines expectations for continued growth in 2014.
This document provides an overview of key principles and best practices for including financial components in agricultural and rural development programs using a market systems approach. The three key points summarized are:
1) The facilitation role is important - projects should avoid directly providing financial services and instead facilitate initiatives from specialized financial organizations.
2) Support should focus on strengthening existing financial intermediaries that best serve target groups, and supporting policymakers to establish incentives through regulation.
3) Areas for smart subsidies include building the capacity of financial intermediaries, strengthening financial literacy, developing supportive policies and regulations, and building financial sector infrastructure. Direct subsidies should generally be avoided.
Firms frequently face difficult decisions about the scope of activities to perform inhouse, and whether to perform them alone as a solo venture or to perform them collaboratively with one or more partners.
SEI is a leading provider of integrated asset and retirement solutions serving about 8,200 clients, including banks, trust institutions, wealth management organizations, independent investment advisors, retirement plan sponsors, corporations, non-profit orgs, investment managers, hedge fund managers, and high-net-worth families. SEI administers $751 billion in mutual fund and pooled assets ($281 billion in assets under management and $470 billion in client’s assets under administration).
Ignite your...venture crowd presentation 8 oct 2012Alan Scrase
NESTA will present the findings of their recently published report The Venture Crowd. Crowdfunding is big business. The idea of financing projects or businesses with small contributions from large numbers of people is catching on in a big way and now accounts for significant amounts of money. In 2011 alone, €1.5 billion was raised through crowdfunding for projects and businesses in need of funds.
Nesta is an independent charity with a mission to help people and organisations bring great ideas to life. They do this by providing investments and grants and mobilising research, networks and skills.
The document discusses establishing an Agri-Business Incubator (ABI) through a partnership between Agri-Business Inc. and ICAR-BPD Units under the National Agriculture Innovation Project Component 1. It outlines the essential elements needed for an ABI business plan such as vision, objectives, business model, marketing plan, operations plan, administration plan, and financial plan. It also discusses defining the ABI's focus, location, organizational structure, services provided, revenue model, and next steps to finalize a partnership proposal.
This document summarizes a research study that examined the effect of financial bootstrapping strategies on the sustainability of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Kanduyi sub-county, Kenya. The study found that owner financing methods, minimizing accounts receivable, joint utilization of resources, delaying payments, and minimizing capital investment all had a significant positive effect on the financial sustainability of SMEs. The study concluded that entrepreneurs should utilize these bootstrapping strategies as alternative financing sources to reduce costs and improve their financial sustainability.
El documento presenta una guía de 8 pasos para analizar problemas de competencia en los mercados. Estos incluyen analizar las fuerzas en el sector, el mercado objetivo, y las capacidades internas de la empresa para desarrollar una estrategia competitiva efectiva. El análisis considera factores como proveedores, competidores, sustitutos, canales de distribución, necesidades de los clientes, y los recursos y debilidades de la empresa. El objetivo es comprender mejor el entorno competitivo y tomar decisiones estratégicas para mejorar la posición de la
When building apps for the Salesforce AppExchange, having a well-designed API around your application will draw in the developer audience and make your app more successful. Join us as step-by-step, we'll explore the principles of good API design, including security, ease of use, integration, and adaptability. We'll also give examples of API documentation and specific Force.com guidelines for APIs.
Since 2007, ExactTarget has offered the Embedded Partner Program, which enables partners to OEM our technology in vertically-tailored solutions. Join us as we provide an overview of the Embedded Partner Program and the technology behind the scenes that makes it possible. We'll also show how we're making it even easier for our Embedded partners to build world-class marketing solutions using the Fuel Cloud Editor, the ExactTarget Fuel Platform's highly configurable, extensible, and easy to use content editor.
Development Strategies for Enterprise Scale From the Salesforce.com PlatformSalesforce Developers
What are the new developer tools and methodologies that will allow you to build for enterprise scale on the Salesforce Platform? How can you hit new scale boundaries, and deliver value beyond your wildest expectations? Hungry for more? Join the Platform Data Services team where we'll show how we are using Big Data technologies to help you manage, store and retain your data.
Project NOAH conducted post-disaster assessments of areas impacted by Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines. The assessment documented the population and percentage of deaths relative to the 2010 population levels for several cities and municipalities in Leyte province. Tacloban City had the largest population of over 221,000 people and experienced 2,394 deaths, representing 1.1% of its 2010 population. Tanauan, Leyte had over 1,000 deaths, comprising 2.5% of its population, while Palo, Leyte reported 1,089 deaths or 1.7% of its residents.
When building apps for the Salesforce AppExchange, having a well-designed API around your application will draw in the developer audience and make your app more successful. Join us as step-by-step, we'll explore the principles of good API design, including security, ease of use, integration, and adaptability. We'll also give examples of API documentation and specific Force.com guidelines for APIs.
Lanie Stockman The voices of Pacific children with disabilitiesDevelopment Futures
This document outlines a research project that aims to gain a better understanding of the perspectives and experiences of Pacific children with disabilities by developing participatory tools to communicate directly with them, ensuring ethical practices and child protection. The research will trial and further develop visual and storytelling tools like a photo library and doll to collect information from the children about what is important to them, with the goal of informing government services and donors to make programs more inclusive.
El documento describe el proyecto H3O de la empresa Pulverizadores Fede. El proyecto H3O busca desarrollar una nueva línea de productos agrícolas sostenibles y de alta calidad para ampliar el mercado internacional de la empresa en los próximos 4 años. Si es aprobado para financiamiento de Horizonte 2020, el proyecto recibiría el 70% de su inversión de 1,3 millones de euros de la Unión Europea.
Build Real-time Multi-User Apps With Visualforce, GoInstant, and AngularJSSalesforce Developers
Real-time multi-user apps are a new way of improving the app user experience. Join us to learn what this means and how easy it is to build one. We'll use Visualforce, GoInstant, and AngularJS. AngularJS is a popular framework for building web applications, and GoInstant provides the real-time, multi-user capabilities. We'll build a real app live, and you'll leave with concrete next steps for implementing GoInstant in their next app.
Property Matching and Query Expansion on Linked Data Using Kullback-Leibler D...Sean Golliher
This document presents an algorithm for matching properties between linked databases using Kullback-Leibler divergence (KL-Divergence). It first creates documents representing the distributions of objects linked to properties in each database. It then computes the normalized KL-Divergence between all document pairs to identify the most similar properties. The property with the lowest KL-Divergence score to a given property is returned as its match. Experimental results on real linked datasets found the algorithm could accurately match properties over 90% of the time.
Los lípidos son moléculas orgánicas compuestas principalmente de carbono, hidrógeno y oxígeno. Algunos lípidos son solubles en agua mientras que otros son hidrofóbicos e insolubles. Los lípidos cumplen funciones estructurales, de almacenamiento de energía y de regulación celular en los seres vivos. Se clasifican en lípidos saponificables como los triglicéridos y fosfolípidos, e insaponificables como los esteroides y terpenoides.
This document provides information about an Alaskan tour package led by guide Sam Crag Thorpe. The tour includes travel by luxury passenger coaches along the Alaskan Railroad, with on-train guides and picture windows. All meals are included. Activities on the tour involve visiting Denali National Park, flying over Mt. McKinley, taking a horseback trail ride, rafting on a whitewater river, and fly fishing for salmon. The document also lists prices for optional add-on activities like kayaking, whitewater rafting, fly fishing, and horseback riding. Contact information is provided for the tour company.
What is Charity Registration? This presentation covers all you need to know about charity registration for nonprofits and charities. The slides cover what is charity registration, why comply with the laws, where do you register, what is a solicitation, how do you register, and where to find more information.
ODA for Capacity Building in the Social Enterprise- and the SME-Sector in IndiaMartin Vogelsang PhD
Based on my long-standing experience as impact investor in India I would like to suggest that Official Development Assistance (ODA) coming into the country is disbursed more strongly towards capacity building (training, education) and supporting the incubation of viable social enterprises and inclusive businesses catering to the “Base-of-the-Pyramid”. Investing into this area of the Indian economy would not only help alleviate to poverty and at least partly solve some of the grave environmental problems the country is facing. Such an initiative could also help India’s corporate sector become more engaged in creating and scaling innovative solutions in the areas of technology or financial services that could open up new markets for them.
As access to finance is one of the key challenges these startups face in the early stage, it is important to select financing instruments that match an enterprise’s business model, needs, and the stage of development that the firm finds itself into, in order to help ensure the impact enterprise success and foster its development.
The document discusses approaches to improving access to finance for small and medium enterprises (SMEs). It outlines various government intervention programs that can support SMEs, including partial credit guarantee schemes, capacity building programs, and wholesale funding facilities. It emphasizes that developing sustainable finance providers, strong governance, and market-reactive policies are key to successfully applying these intervention models. The document also stresses the importance of enabling regulatory frameworks, secured transactions systems, and developing a long-term viable market for innovation finance with successful exits.
1. The document discusses different types of multinational corporations (MNCs), including transnational corporations, parent enterprises, and foreign affiliates such as subsidiaries and associates.
2. It defines the difference between strategy and tactics, noting that strategy focuses on long-term goals and overall resources while tactics utilize specific resources for shorter-term sub-goals.
3. The document outlines different levels of strategy for companies, including corporate, business, and functional levels.
The document discusses blended finance as a systematic approach to mobilizing private capital for development. It outlines the objectives of blended finance to extend the reach of development aid through complementary private and philanthropic investment. It also discusses the barriers to large-scale private investment in emerging markets and how blended finance can help mitigate risks and manage returns to attract more private capital flows. The World Economic Forum and OECD have committed to advancing the blended finance approach through knowledge sharing, developing standardized products and transactions, and connecting stakeholders through a virtual platform.
The IDC provides various forms of financing and support to promote industrial development in South Africa, including equity, debt, export financing, and guarantees. It aims to support investments that generate both developmental and financial returns while taking on higher risk than commercial financiers. The IDC offers funding to greenfield projects, expansions, rehabilitation projects with a minimum of R1 million. It also has special funds to support distressed companies and create employment, such as the R2 billion UIF Fund and the R10 billion Grow E Scheme. In addition to financial support, the IDC provides training and business support programs to help entrepreneurs.
This document discusses developing bankable business plans for forest restoration projects. It notes that private finance can complement public investments to achieve large-scale restoration. Restoration projects will be more sustainable if they improve local incomes and livelihoods. However, there are barriers to accessing finance for restoration projects like limited knowledge of business planning and unclear profit potential. The document introduces a learning guide to help forest producers develop bankable business plans for restoration projects. It outlines the structure of the guide and how it provides practical, sustainable guidance by putting knowledge into practice. The guide aims to develop a pipeline of investable restoration projects.
Step 8 Training Materials - Key Principles and Tips on SubsidiesPMSD Roadmap
This document discusses principles and guidelines for using subsidies to facilitate agricultural knowledge and information services (AKIS). It provides:
1) Key principles for subsidy use such as avoiding subsidies when possible, using them to reduce risk for new adopters, and developing strategies for market actors to take ownership.
2) Tips for implementing subsidies like co-investing with market actors, setting timeframes, and ensuring market incentives rather than subsidies motivate actors.
3) Examples of justifiable subsidies like facilitation, capacity building, and market research and examples of difficult to justify subsidies like recurring operational costs.
4) Central questions around ensuring self-selection of market actors, managing expectations of subsidized services, and
This document discusses various sources of funding for startups at different stages, including equity, debt, grants, and bootstrapping. It outlines common sources of funding such as friends and family, angel investors, venture capital, and government grants. It also discusses factors that influence fundraising decisions like valuation, risk perception, and proof points. Methods for conserving cash like bootstrapping, leasing equipment, and obtaining advances from customers are also covered.
Funding Sme – The Challenges And Risk Within - Alternative financing sources ...Resurgent India
Securitization of Trade Credit: Trade credit is an important source of financing for MSMEs, as they sell on credit to their large customers and then wait for long periods for payment. If these receivables (trade credit) could be packaged as a securitized asset, which would essentially be a commercial paper with the credit rating of the large firm, it could help MSMEs reduce their investment in working capital and their need for finance significantly. The credit worthiness of a typical MSME would also improve, qualifying it for greater bank funding. Though the securitization process which is similar to factoring, could be more cost-effective than bank funding, factoring, and letters of credit.
The document discusses partnerships, defining them as collaborative agreements where parties work together towards a common goal and share risks, responsibilities, and benefits. It outlines reasons for partnering like gaining new resources, capabilities, and access to markets. Success depends on complementary strengths and clear goals/expectations. Risks include low commitment, diverging strategies, and lack of trust. When considering partnerships, companies should evaluate if they can benefit from new resources and fill gaps. Due diligence includes understanding a potential partner's finances, operations, market presence, and customer service values.
This chapter discusses business-level strategy. It defines business-level strategy as an integrated set of commitments and actions a firm uses to gain a competitive advantage in a specific product market. The chapter explains that the purpose of a business-level strategy is for a firm to select target customers, determine their needs, and use its core competencies to satisfy those needs, thereby gaining a competitive advantage and earning above-average returns. It also discusses how firms can effectively manage relationships with customers to strengthen their business-level strategies.
This document discusses business-level strategy and its relationship to customers. It defines business-level strategy as an integrated set of commitments and actions a firm uses to gain a competitive advantage in a specific product market. When developing a business-level strategy, a firm must determine: who the target customers are by segmenting the market; what specific customer needs the firm will satisfy; and how it will use its core competencies to meet customer needs. The purpose of a business-level strategy is to create a differentiated position for the firm compared to its competitors.
This document discusses establishing an Agri Business Incubator (ABI) at IIAM. It outlines the goal of preparing a business plan to support the incubator. It then discusses defining the incubator's focus, location, organizational structure, services, funding sources, and revenue model. The next steps are to gather feedback, develop a draft business model, identify resources and funding, and draft a memorandum of agreement with ICRISAT to finalize the business plan for the ABI at IIAM.
The Seal of Excellence for Poverty Outreach and Transformation in Microfinance is a global initiative currently under development that will recognize those institutions doing the most to help families lift themselves out of poverty. The Seal has been under development the past 19 months with input from a broad range of stakeholders and will continue in 2012.
This PowerPoint illustrates how the Seal fits in with current initiatives and how it has developed over time.
SMEs in transnational business value chainsClusteriX20
This document summarizes the findings of a Horizon 2020 project that studied the needs of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) operating in transnational business value chains. The project involved field research and workshops in Belgium, Sweden, Spain and other regions to understand the challenges SMEs face and support they need and receive. Key challenges identified include difficulties collaborating with large companies, skills gaps, funding, and political instability. The document discusses topics for policy recommendations, including creating a fair international marketplace, treating goods and services equally, improving support for internationalization, access to financing and knowledge, and integrating support programs. It suggests governments act as partners for SMEs and look to other European regions for best practices in public support.
Let’s have a look at some Crowdfunding Strategies:
1. Rewards-Based Crowdfunding
2. Equity Crowdfunding
3. Donation-Based Crowdfunding
4. Debt Crowdfunding
The Coordinating Impact Capital report by the Center for Science, Technology, and Society encompasses over 10 months of surveys and analysis with more than 45 investment organizations currently working in the field of impact investing. The intent of this project was to unearth actionable suggestions for the social impact community, and identify market mechanisms that can increase the efficiency of invested capital, resulting in greater liquidity opportunities for investors. The project was generously supported by the Aspen Network of Development Entrepreneurs. The lead authors and guest experts will discuss the landscape of impact investing and a foundation for vetting future social impact investment opportunities.
An impact investing syndicate aims to identify companies developing solutions to constraints undermining work for those at the bottom of the pyramid. It assesses business models and impact potential, provides technical assistance, and connects companies to investors. The syndicate has built awareness, developed local pipelines in 5 countries, and convened technical assistance providers. It aims to finalize first deals by end 2014 and reach an $8 million portfolio by 2016. The syndicate looks for commercially viable prospects addressing market constraints and improving livelihoods, especially for women. It uses grants, impact investors, ethical investors, and commercial investors, blending equity and loans for $150,000 to $2 million deals. Impact is measured on individuals, businesses, and market systems.
Similar to Kerri Elgar Making business inclusive (20)
Women play a key role in global food production but their contribution is often underrecognized. While women produce between 60-80% of food in developing countries, they face numerous constraints related to gender inequality. These constraints impact household food security and nutrition. Effective food security policies need to promote women's empowerment and emancipation by addressing structural barriers limiting women's access to resources and decision making power. Approaches are needed that integrate gender equality, empowerment, and capacity building for women beyond a sole focus on agricultural production.
Timor-Leste Country Risk Analysis examines Timor-Leste's economy and performance. It outlines key metrics on the population, GDP, unemployment, inflation, and other indicators. It then analyzes transparency and accountability indexes, the theoretical frameworks used to measure GDP, the components of GDP including consumption, investment, exports and imports, government expenditures, and revenues. Charts show GDP growth and trends in consumption, government spending, imports and exports. In conclusion, Timor-Leste's economy faces high risks due to lack of economic diversification and reliance on oil revenues.
The document discusses strategies for addressing micronutrient deficiencies through agriculture and nutrition. It outlines different approaches for reducing deficiencies, including supplementation, dietary diversity, fortification, and biofortification. Biofortification involves breeding staple crops with higher nutritional content through conventional breeding or genetic engineering. Studies show biofortified crops like beans and rice can significantly improve micronutrient levels. However, biofortified crops may require behavior change efforts if they are visually different. The document debates whether genetic engineering should be more widely used given the large public health consequences of micronutrient deficiencies.
Juliet Willetts - Research paradigms for poverty alleviationDevelopment Futures
The document discusses the balancing act required in research paradigms for poverty alleviation and sustainable development. Specifically, it addresses balancing different knowledges, ethics, rigor and relevance. It emphasizes the need for transdisciplinary research that incorporates civil society, business, government and considers technical and social solutions. Finally, it argues that future research needs humility, respect for different types of knowledge, courage to think differently, integrity, ethics and flexibility to create change.
Here are some potential responses to consider for the questions:
- Contexts where communities lack voice or representation in decision making processes that affect them. Marginalized groups who need a platform to share their perspectives.
- Identify an issue in the community and facilitate a participatory process where community members use video/photography to document and share their views. This could help identify priorities and solutions.
- Building trust with the community may take time. Ensuring all voices are represented equally. Technical/literacy challenges. Sustaining community ownership after the project ends.
The key is to see these tools as means for the community to represent themselves, not just produce outputs. Facilitation skills are important to ensure an
Bill Bellotti - An undisciplined approach to research for rural developmentDevelopment Futures
- The project aimed to improve subsistence rice farming systems in tribal communities in India through on-farm research led by farmers.
- The project increased crop diversity and household incomes, reduced food insecurity and forced migration, and improved self-esteem and capacity for innovation.
- A transdisciplinary approach was used, actively involving farmers and local organizations in research through action learning cycles and on-farm trials, respecting different knowledge systems and promoting systemic thinking beyond individual disciplines.
This document summarizes an evaluation of research use in the Australian aid program conducted by the Office of Development Effectiveness. It provides data on research spending from 2007/2008 to 2011/2012, which accounted for 3.1% of total aid spending and increased faster than total spending. Most research funding went to food security and health projects in country programs rather than global programs. Interviews revealed divergent views on what constitutes research and its purpose among aid staff, as well as challenges with using research in program design and limited knowledge management systems. The evaluation examined research investments, factors influencing research uptake, and how to optimize research for effective aid delivery.
This document discusses social movements and their role in development. It analyzes thinkers like Paulo Freire and Saul Alinsky who saw social change coming from grassroots movements empowering people. It notes how NGOs often focus on implementing programs rather than supporting indigenous social movements. It highlights the work of Slum Dwellers International, a global network of community-owned organizations that link rights work and community development. It suggests development organizations could learn from movements by giving up control, supporting movement priorities, and recognizing the need for dissent in creating large-scale change.
Suharto Suharto - Community - Based Rehabiliation exclusionDevelopment Futures
This document discusses encouraging "difability" thinking in community-based rehabilitation (CBR) programs. It defines difability as acknowledging people's different abilities. CBR is presented as a more accessible and lower-cost alternative to institutional rehabilitation programs. CBR encourages community participation and uses local resources. It aims to broaden rehabilitation access and promote social inclusion of people with disabilities. The document provides an example of how one CBR program in Indonesia advocates for disability rights and works to reduce poverty through self-help groups and advocacy teams.
This document outlines a case study from Pakistan on children's citizenship. It introduces debates around traditional versus feminist views of citizenship and how children are often excluded. The study used interviews with policymakers and analysis of Pakistan's legislative framework to examine views of children as either dependent or as citizens. While Pakistan has signed the UNCRC supporting children's participation rights, the analysis found policymaker views tended to be welfarist and that children are not considered able to participate in decisions affecting them. This limits Pakistan's development progress in achieving education and anti-poverty goals for children.
This document discusses downward accountability in development organizations and the role of power in empowering beneficiaries. It summarizes a study of two NGOs in India - Rural Life and Unison - and their approaches to governance, communication, planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. While Rural Life took a top-down hierarchical approach, Unison engaged communities collaboratively. As a result, Unison was more effective at empowering communities, reducing dependence and challenging social roles, while Rural Life perpetuated dependency. For downward accountability to achieve empowerment, the study concludes development organizations must critically address underlying power imbalances and reasons for beneficiaries' disempowerment.
Susan Harris Rimmer - Does the G20 offer a pathway to end poverty?Development Futures
The document discusses the G20, which represents major world economies and is important because its members represent about 90% of global GDP, 80% of global trade, and two-thirds of the world's population. It also produces 84% of fossil fuel emissions. The G20 is significant because global economic power is shifting, with emerging economies like the BRICS nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) expected to surpass many current Western powers in size and influence. The G20 faces challenges in establishing legitimacy and effectiveness as it takes on greater economic governance responsibilities globally.
Sophia Close - How can development transform conflict in Indigenous communities?Development Futures
This document summarizes a presentation given by Sophia Close, a PhD candidate at the ANU National Centre for Indigenous Studies, about whether indigenous communities can engage with development systems to transform conflict and pursue self-determined development. Close's research focuses on development-related conflicts in indigenous communities. Her initial field results from Timor-Leste found issues with the timing and sustainability of development projects, impacts on local culture and language, problems with leadership and donor coordination, and the exacerbation of existing conflicts. She emphasizes the importance of relationships, free prior and informed consent of communities, and allowing communities to lead "capacity building" in a way that works for them in order to achieve self-determined development.
Sarah Cook - Rethinking social development for the 21st centuryDevelopment Futures
This document summarizes key points from a conference presentation on new directions in social policy, particularly those emerging from the global South. It makes three main points:
1. Poverty reduction is better achieved through comprehensive social policies that aim for universal coverage rather than policies narrowly targeted at the poor. Successful examples like Nordic countries and East Asia had social policies that benefited middle income groups to fund services.
2. Currently, emerging economies are pursuing new social policies like cash transfers, employment programs, and universal healthcare to address modern risks from globalization, changing work, and climate change.
3. These new policies reflect a "quiet revolution" where countries are adapting institutions and social contracts to proactively deal with
Rebecca Barber - Learning from Humanitarian Response in SE AsiaDevelopment Futures
This document discusses humanitarian response issues in Asia Pacific. The region experiences the most natural disasters globally and numbers are increasing due to climate change. While national disaster management capacities are growing, capacity is not keeping pace with rising disaster risk and international assistance is still needed. However, some countries now assert national leadership and few formally request aid. The cases of 2011 Thailand/Cambodia floods and Philippines storms show different responses. Thailand/Cambodia welcomed but did not request aid, frustrating responders. The Philippines formally accepted help, activated coordination bodies, and response was well-coordinated under government leadership. Key components of the humanitarian system assume international leadership but there is a need to better recognize growing national capacities and leadership.
Pete Silvester - Re-configuring economic development approachesDevelopment Futures
The document provides background information on Morris & Silvester, a Myanmar-based strategy consulting firm. It discusses their expertise in development and Myanmar. It also outlines Pete Silvester's background and experience. The document then summarizes Myanmar's history from independence to recent reforms. It notes current dominant narratives around Myanmar's development opportunities and challenges. The objective of the workshop is to develop alternative futures that challenge assumptions of Myanmar's development path.
Paul Nichols - Partnerships for Sustainable Development in South AsiaDevelopment Futures
The document describes a tool to analyze development risk and return for program design. It facilitates refining outcome indicators and visually representing the risk/return profile through assessing variables that influence outcome achievement over time. The process involves discussing best, most likely, and worst case timeframes to meet outcomes. These are plotted at a selected confidence level, showing which outcomes could reasonably be achieved within the program timeframe to evaluate yield on investment. An example output graphically depicts outcomes expected to be met over 12 years for an objective related to water resource management in South Asia at a 75% confidence level.
This document discusses the challenges facing ACFID, Australia's peak body for international development NGOs, as it enters its second 50 years. It outlines key themes in international development and NGO relations over the past 50 years, including the changing nature of aid and development work, the diversification of the NGO sector, and the evolving relationship with the Australian government as both a partner and funder. The document suggests challenges for ACFID will include representing an increasingly diverse NGO constituency while government argues for focusing on larger NGOs, and navigating advocacy roles as government funding becomes more conditional.
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This document summarizes a presentation made at the Development Futures Conference in Sydney, Australia in November 2013. It discusses the ACFID Education Sector Working Group, which works to enhance the focus on and quality of education programming within the Australian international development sector. The presentation outlines what the working group does, including networking, collaboration, engagement with the Australian government, and events/publications. It then discusses the benefits of partnerships between Australian NGOs and education, including innovation, flexibility, long-term relationships, efficiency and effectiveness. Case studies highlighting 19 examples of NGO education work in countries like Cambodia, Indonesia, and Malawi are also summarized. Key themes that emerge from the case studies include building long-term community relationships,
This document discusses resistance to the dominant discourse around migration and development. It outlines the emergence of "global migration governance" led by international organizations that focuses on migration management and views migrants as agents of development based on remittances. It argues this perspective sidelines human and labor rights. The document then examines the global migrant rights movement as a form of resistance, including networks like People's Global Action and the Global Coalition on Migration that advocate for a rights-based approach recognizing migrant agency and rights in both home and destination countries. It argues this resistance aims to democratize migration governance and ultimately make migration a choice rather than necessity.
How to Invest in Cryptocurrency for Beginners: A Complete GuideDaniel
Cryptocurrency is digital money that operates independently of a central authority, utilizing cryptography for security. Unlike traditional currencies issued by governments (fiat currencies), cryptocurrencies are decentralized and typically operate on a technology called blockchain. Each cryptocurrency transaction is recorded on a public ledger, ensuring transparency and security.
Cryptocurrencies can be used for various purposes, including online purchases, investment opportunities, and as a means of transferring value globally without the need for intermediaries like banks.
Budgeting as a Control Tool in Government Accounting in Nigeria
Being a Paper Presented at the Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency (NIMASA) Budget Office Staff at Sojourner Hotel, GRA, Ikeja Lagos on Saturday 8th June, 2024.
What Lessons Can New Investors Learn from Newman Leech’s Success?Newman Leech
Newman Leech's success in the real estate industry is based on key lessons and principles, offering practical advice for new investors and serving as a blueprint for building a successful career.
An accounting information system (AIS) refers to tools and systems designed for the collection and display of accounting information so accountants and executives can make informed decisions.
How to Identify the Best Crypto to Buy Now in 2024.pdfKezex (KZX)
To identify the best crypto to buy in 2024, analyze market trends, assess the project's fundamentals, review the development team and community, monitor adoption rates, and evaluate risk tolerance. Stay updated with news, regulatory changes, and expert opinions to make informed decisions.
Fabular Frames and the Four Ratio ProblemMajid Iqbal
Digital, interactive art showing the struggle of a society in providing for its present population while also saving planetary resources for future generations. Spread across several frames, the art is actually the rendering of real and speculative data. The stereographic projections change shape in response to prompts and provocations. Visitors interact with the model through speculative statements about how to increase savings across communities, regions, ecosystems and environments. Their fabulations combined with random noise, i.e. factors beyond control, have a dramatic effect on the societal transition. Things get better. Things get worse. The aim is to give visitors a new grasp and feel of the ongoing struggles in democracies around the world.
Stunning art in the small multiples format brings out the spatiotemporal nature of societal transitions, against backdrop issues such as energy, housing, waste, farmland and forest. In each frame we see hopeful and frightful interplays between spending and saving. Problems emerge when one of the two parts of the existential anaglyph rapidly shrinks like Arctic ice, as factors cross thresholds. Ecological wealth and intergenerational equity areFour at stake. Not enough spending could mean economic stress, social unrest and political conflict. Not enough saving and there will be climate breakdown and ‘bankruptcy’. So where does speculative design start and the gambling and betting end? Behind each fabular frame is a four ratio problem. Each ratio reflects the level of sacrifice and self-restraint a society is willing to accept, against promises of prosperity and freedom. Some values seem to stabilise a frame while others cause collapse. Get the ratios right and we can have it all. Get them wrong and things get more desperate.
In World Expo 2010 Shanghai – the most visited Expo in the World History
https://www.britannica.com/event/Expo-Shanghai-2010
China’s official organizer of the Expo, CCPIT (China Council for the Promotion of International Trade https://en.ccpit.org/) has chosen Dr. Alyce Su as the Cover Person with Cover Story, in the Expo’s official magazine distributed throughout the Expo, showcasing China’s New Generation of Leaders to the World.
South Dakota State University degree offer diploma Transcriptynfqplhm
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The Rise and Fall of Ponzi Schemes in America.pptxDiana Rose
Ponzi schemes, a notorious form of financial fraud, have plagued America’s investment landscape for decades. Named after Charles Ponzi, who orchestrated one of the most infamous schemes in the early 20th century, these fraudulent operations promise high returns with little or no risk, only to collapse and leave investors with significant losses. This article explores the nature of Ponzi schemes, notable cases in American history, their impact on victims, and measures to prevent falling prey to such scams.
Understanding Ponzi Schemes
A Ponzi scheme is an investment scam where returns are paid to earlier investors using the capital from newer investors, rather than from legitimate profit earned. The scheme relies on a constant influx of new investments to continue paying the promised returns. Eventually, when the flow of new money slows down or stops, the scheme collapses, leaving the majority of investors with substantial financial losses.
Historical Context: Charles Ponzi and His Legacy
Charles Ponzi is the namesake of this deceptive practice. In the 1920s, Ponzi promised investors in Boston a 50% return within 45 days or 100% return in 90 days through arbitrage of international reply coupons. Initially, he paid returns as promised, not from profits, but from the investments of new participants. When his scheme unraveled, it resulted in losses exceeding $20 million (equivalent to about $270 million today).
Notable American Ponzi Schemes
1. Bernie Madoff: Perhaps the most notorious Ponzi scheme in recent history, Bernie Madoff’s fraud involved $65 billion. Madoff, a well-respected figure in the financial industry, promised steady, high returns through a secretive investment strategy. His scheme lasted for decades before collapsing in 2008, devastating thousands of investors, including individuals, charities, and institutional clients.
2. Allen Stanford: Through his company, Stanford Financial Group, Allen Stanford orchestrated a $7 billion Ponzi scheme, luring investors with fraudulent certificates of deposit issued by his offshore bank. Stanford promised high returns and lavish lifestyle benefits to his investors, which ultimately led to a 110-year prison sentence for the financier in 2012.
3. Tom Petters: In a scheme that lasted more than a decade, Tom Petters ran a $3.65 billion Ponzi scheme, using his company, Petters Group Worldwide. He claimed to buy and sell consumer electronics, but in reality, he used new investments to pay off old debts and fund his extravagant lifestyle. Petters was convicted in 2009 and sentenced to 50 years in prison.
4. Eric Dalius and Saivian: Eric Dalius, a prominent figure behind Saivian, a cashback program promising high returns, is under scrutiny for allegedly orchestrating a Ponzi scheme. Saivian enticed investors with promises of up to 20% cash back on everyday purchases. However, investigations suggest that the returns were paid using new investments rather than legitimate profits. The collapse of Saivian l
A toxic combination of 15 years of low growth, and four decades of high inequality, has left Britain poorer and falling behind its peers. Productivity growth is weak and public investment is low, while wages today are no higher than they were before the financial crisis. Britain needs a new economic strategy to lift itself out of stagnation.
Scotland is in many ways a microcosm of this challenge. It has become a hub for creative industries, is home to several world-class universities and a thriving community of businesses – strengths that need to be harness and leveraged. But it also has high levels of deprivation, with homelessness reaching a record high and nearly half a million people living in very deep poverty last year. Scotland won’t be truly thriving unless it finds ways to ensure that all its inhabitants benefit from growth and investment. This is the central challenge facing policy makers both in Holyrood and Westminster.
What should a new national economic strategy for Scotland include? What would the pursuit of stronger economic growth mean for local, national and UK-wide policy makers? How will economic change affect the jobs we do, the places we live and the businesses we work for? And what are the prospects for cities like Glasgow, and nations like Scotland, in rising to these challenges?
Discovering Delhi - India's Cultural Capital.pptxcosmo-soil
Delhi, the heartbeat of India, offers a rich blend of history, culture, and modernity. From iconic landmarks like the Red Fort to bustling commercial hubs and vibrant culinary scenes, Delhi's real estate landscape is dynamic and diverse. Discover the essence of India's capital, where tradition meets innovation.
Economic Risk Factor Update: June 2024 [SlideShare]Commonwealth
May’s reports showed signs of continued economic growth, said Sam Millette, director, fixed income, in his latest Economic Risk Factor Update.
For more market updates, subscribe to The Independent Market Observer at https://blog.commonwealth.com/independent-market-observer.
KYC Compliance: A Cornerstone of Global Crypto Regulatory FrameworksAny kyc Account
This presentation explores the pivotal role of KYC compliance in shaping and enforcing global regulations within the dynamic landscape of cryptocurrencies. Dive into the intricate connection between KYC practices and the evolving legal frameworks governing the crypto industry.
KYC Compliance: A Cornerstone of Global Crypto Regulatory Frameworks
Kerri Elgar Making business inclusive
1. Making business inclusive:
are enterprise challenge funds
useful tools?
Robin Davies, Associate Director
Kerri Elgar, Visiting Fellow
Development Policy Centre
Crawford School of Public Policy
2. What is an enterprise challenge fund?
• In developing countries, targeted subsidies are sometimes needed to
overcome barriers for businesses on the threshold of making
investment decisions that are likely to benefit poor people as
employees, suppliers or consumers.
• Enterprise challenge funds (ECFs) are main instrument used by
bilateral aid agencies for providing such targetted subsidies to
inclusive business ventures.
• Pros and cons…but increasing in popularity.
2
4. ECF working group
Established July 2013 ‘to examine the rationale for the use of ECFs, reflect on
experience to date and develop principles-based recommendations to
development agencies on their use in the future’
Four ‘big-picture’ questions:
• rationale for the use of ECFs
• their place in a broader array of approaches
• their partnership structure
• their impact
And four more practical but still broad questions bearing on the design of ECFs:
• geographical and sectoral scope
• the manner in which financing is made available
• the role of complementary services
• fund administration
4/10
6. Ten characteristics of an ECF
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Offers firm-specific incentives: it offers incentives to particular firms to invest in business
creation, reconfiguration or expansion
Issues a challenge: the incentives are used for a specific purpose of the proponent’s own
devising, sometimes within broad parameters defined by the fund
Employs competitive allocation: firms are selected through open competition
Requires additionality: an investment must be one that would not otherwise have made
Requires risk-sharing: incentives are set at a level, determined by a matching ratio, that only partially
compensates for market or government failures
Seeks benefits for the poor: investments confer benefits on poor people associated with beneficiary
firms as suppliers, employees or customers
Seeks sustainability: it is intended that such benefits be provided on an ongoing basis, beyond the
consumption of the incentive
Values competitive neutrality: incentives compensate for government or market failures without seeking
to give beneficiary firms a long-term competitive advantage
Values demonstration effects: it is intended that similar benefits are subsequently experienced by other
groups of poor people through the replication or scaling-up of investments, whether by the beneficiary
firm or copycats
Values systemic impact: it is intended that such replication or scaling-up occur with less or no need for
the provision of further incentives
6/10
7. Poverty reduction through private sector
development: objectives
1. Strengthening enabling environments: helping to develop legal and regulatory
frameworks, infrastructure, workforce skills and consumer knowledge in order
to promote the growth of the private sector for the general benefit of a region
or country
2. Fostering enterprise development: helping to establish or expand particular
enterprises in order to deliver general economic benefits for a region or
section of the population, often with an eye to those enterprises’ direct impact
on poor people as suppliers, employees or consumers
3. Stimulating inclusive investment: helping to reconfigure particular enterprises
or extend them into new markets in order to promote the beneficial
engagement of poor people with those enterprises as suppliers, employees or
consumers
7/10
8. Assistance types
• Confidence: temporary subsidies to reduce business expenditure or increase
revenue, or support for research on the characteristics, skills and preferences of
the target population of poor people, or the ‘good offices’ of the sponsoring
agency
• Context: physical infrastructure with public-goods characteristics, or general
workforce skills development, or consumer education
>==============================<
• Capital: grants, equity, loans or guarantees (including within blended financing
packages negotiated with banks or multilateral development financing
institutions)
• Capacity: business planning and management capacity, business-specific
workforce skills development, or equipment
8/10
9. Decision tree
Poverty reduction
through private sector
development
ASSESS:
Objective
General environment
Weak general enabling
environment?
STOP
Weak project enabling
environment?
ASSESS:
Project environment
Firm strength
Intervention type
Adequate general
enabling environment?
ASSESS:
Strong firm?
PROVIDE:
Weak firm?
STOP
Confidence (temporary
subsidies, intelligence,
association)
Context (public goods)
Strong project enabling
environment?
ASSESS:
Weak firm?
PROVIDE:
Capital (direct or by
guarantee)
Strong firm?
STOP
Capacity (technical
assistance)
9/10
10. Two fund types
• Enterprise development (ED): supports the establishment or
expansion of small-to-medium-scale enterprises to achieve
positive general or sector-specific development impacts, by
providing investment financing or increasing firm capacity
• Inclusive business (IB): supports the expansion or
reconfiguration of large-scale, often multinational,
enterprises to increase their beneficial engagement with
poor people as suppliers, employees or consumers, by
providing risk reduction financing, information and good
offices
10/10
11. Eight observations on…
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Giving money to strong firms: sometimes risk reduction, sometimes to support a project
champion—but the beneficiaries are the suppliers, employees, customers
Geographic and sectoral scope: open for IB funds and more restricted for ED funds—but the
latter should be organised in hub-and-spoke fashion if possible
Which firms get assistance: open for ED funds but IB funds could reasonably target a donor
country’s own firms, with care
Fund scope: housing ED and IB funds under one roof does not make much sense (different
clients, offerings and stances)
Lightness of touch: ED funds operate in the market and work with fragile firms, so need strong
TA and market intelligence capacity; IB funds have no need of this but must be capable of highlevel business engagement and persuasion
Financing terms: for IB funds, use grants; for ED funds use grants or guarantees within blended
finance packages or else equity, quasi-equity or debt
Measuring results: where payments are for risk reduction, make them proportional to specific
results automatically measured by the firm (inputs purchased, units sold, wages paid)
Semantic niceties: while any fund that places the onus on some entity other than the donor to
come up with pro-poor business ideas can reasonably be called an ‘enterprise challenge fund’,
better to talk about IB funds and ED funds
11/10
12. Making business inclusive:
are enterprise challenge funds
useful tools?
Robin Davies, Associate Director
Kerri Elgar, Visiting Fellow
Development Policy Centre
Crawford School of Public Policy
Editor's Notes
… to this.Shifting focus to forums in which aid and development policy in general are discussed and coordinated.
Here's a stab at what MDOs are.The DAC just keeps a list.The most important thing to note is that MDOs are not simply delivery agents or channels for bilateral donors' aid, though they are sometimes that.For a contribution to be considered multilateral ODA in the strict sense, it must be (concessional and) made to an organisation that:“conducts all or part of its activities in favour of development;is an international agency, institution, or organisation whose members are governments or a fund managed autonomously by such an agency; andpools contributions so that they lose their identity and become an integral part of its financial assets.”Such flows from donors to multilateral organisations are also referred to as “core” contributions. They are sometimes also called “multilateral inflows” – as the term “multilateral aid” is ambiguous between flows from donors to multilateral organisations and flows from the latter to developing countries.ODA outflows from multilaterals are shown in two other OECD statistical constructs, namely Official Development Finance and Country Programmable Aid (which measures take the recipient’s viewpoint), and include some own-resources (e.g. IMF gold sales support the Poverty Reduction and Growth Trust; IBRD/IFC profits support IDA; private donors support WFP
Here's a stab at what MDOs are.The DAC just keeps a list.The most important thing to note is that MDOs are not simply delivery agents or channels for bilateral donors' aid, though they are sometimes that.For a contribution to be considered multilateral ODA in the strict sense, it must be (concessional and) made to an organisation that:“conducts all or part of its activities in favour of development;is an international agency, institution, or organisation whose members are governments or a fund managed autonomously by such an agency; andpools contributions so that they lose their identity and become an integral part of its financial assets.”Such flows from donors to multilateral organisations are also referred to as “core” contributions. They are sometimes also called “multilateral inflows” – as the term “multilateral aid” is ambiguous between flows from donors to multilateral organisations and flows from the latter to developing countries.ODA outflows from multilaterals are shown in two other OECD statistical constructs, namely Official Development Finance and Country Programmable Aid (which measures take the recipient’s viewpoint), and include some own-resources (e.g. IMF gold sales support the Poverty Reduction and Growth Trust; IBRD/IFC profits support IDA; private donors support WFP
Here's a stab at what MDOs are.The DAC just keeps a list.The most important thing to note is that MDOs are not simply delivery agents or channels for bilateral donors' aid, though they are sometimes that.For a contribution to be considered multilateral ODA in the strict sense, it must be (concessional and) made to an organisation that:“conducts all or part of its activities in favour of development;is an international agency, institution, or organisation whose members are governments or a fund managed autonomously by such an agency; andpools contributions so that they lose their identity and become an integral part of its financial assets.”Such flows from donors to multilateral organisations are also referred to as “core” contributions. They are sometimes also called “multilateral inflows” – as the term “multilateral aid” is ambiguous between flows from donors to multilateral organisations and flows from the latter to developing countries.ODA outflows from multilaterals are shown in two other OECD statistical constructs, namely Official Development Finance and Country Programmable Aid (which measures take the recipient’s viewpoint), and include some own-resources (e.g. IMF gold sales support the Poverty Reduction and Growth Trust; IBRD/IFC profits support IDA; private donors support WFP
Here's a stab at what MDOs are.The DAC just keeps a list.The most important thing to note is that MDOs are not simply delivery agents or channels for bilateral donors' aid, though they are sometimes that.For a contribution to be considered multilateral ODA in the strict sense, it must be (concessional and) made to an organisation that:“conducts all or part of its activities in favour of development;is an international agency, institution, or organisation whose members are governments or a fund managed autonomously by such an agency; andpools contributions so that they lose their identity and become an integral part of its financial assets.”Such flows from donors to multilateral organisations are also referred to as “core” contributions. They are sometimes also called “multilateral inflows” – as the term “multilateral aid” is ambiguous between flows from donors to multilateral organisations and flows from the latter to developing countries.ODA outflows from multilaterals are shown in two other OECD statistical constructs, namely Official Development Finance and Country Programmable Aid (which measures take the recipient’s viewpoint), and include some own-resources (e.g. IMF gold sales support the Poverty Reduction and Growth Trust; IBRD/IFC profits support IDA; private donors support WFP
Here's a stab at what MDOs are.The DAC just keeps a list.The most important thing to note is that MDOs are not simply delivery agents or channels for bilateral donors' aid, though they are sometimes that.For a contribution to be considered multilateral ODA in the strict sense, it must be (concessional and) made to an organisation that:“conducts all or part of its activities in favour of development;is an international agency, institution, or organisation whose members are governments or a fund managed autonomously by such an agency; andpools contributions so that they lose their identity and become an integral part of its financial assets.”Such flows from donors to multilateral organisations are also referred to as “core” contributions. They are sometimes also called “multilateral inflows” – as the term “multilateral aid” is ambiguous between flows from donors to multilateral organisations and flows from the latter to developing countries.ODA outflows from multilaterals are shown in two other OECD statistical constructs, namely Official Development Finance and Country Programmable Aid (which measures take the recipient’s viewpoint), and include some own-resources (e.g. IMF gold sales support the Poverty Reduction and Growth Trust; IBRD/IFC profits support IDA; private donors support WFP
Now from this…
Here's a stab at what MDOs are.The DAC just keeps a list.The most important thing to note is that MDOs are not simply delivery agents or channels for bilateral donors' aid, though they are sometimes that.For a contribution to be considered multilateral ODA in the strict sense, it must be (concessional and) made to an organisation that:“conducts all or part of its activities in favour of development;is an international agency, institution, or organisation whose members are governments or a fund managed autonomously by such an agency; andpools contributions so that they lose their identity and become an integral part of its financial assets.”Such flows from donors to multilateral organisations are also referred to as “core” contributions. They are sometimes also called “multilateral inflows” – as the term “multilateral aid” is ambiguous between flows from donors to multilateral organisations and flows from the latter to developing countries.ODA outflows from multilaterals are shown in two other OECD statistical constructs, namely Official Development Finance and Country Programmable Aid (which measures take the recipient’s viewpoint), and include some own-resources (e.g. IMF gold sales support the Poverty Reduction and Growth Trust; IBRD/IFC profits support IDA; private donors support WFP
Here's a stab at what MDOs are.The DAC just keeps a list.The most important thing to note is that MDOs are not simply delivery agents or channels for bilateral donors' aid, though they are sometimes that.For a contribution to be considered multilateral ODA in the strict sense, it must be (concessional and) made to an organisation that:“conducts all or part of its activities in favour of development;is an international agency, institution, or organisation whose members are governments or a fund managed autonomously by such an agency; andpools contributions so that they lose their identity and become an integral part of its financial assets.”Such flows from donors to multilateral organisations are also referred to as “core” contributions. They are sometimes also called “multilateral inflows” – as the term “multilateral aid” is ambiguous between flows from donors to multilateral organisations and flows from the latter to developing countries.ODA outflows from multilaterals are shown in two other OECD statistical constructs, namely Official Development Finance and Country Programmable Aid (which measures take the recipient’s viewpoint), and include some own-resources (e.g. IMF gold sales support the Poverty Reduction and Growth Trust; IBRD/IFC profits support IDA; private donors support WFP