1) Conflict can arise from disagreements over organizational issues or from emotional antagonism between two or more parties. It can take many forms depending on the type of parties involved, their positions in the organizational structure, or the cause of the conflict. 2) The Semanggi Tragedy in 1998 and 1999 involved conflicts between students protesting against the transitional government and its plans as well as the military's role in politics. These protests turned deadly when security forces clashed with protesters, resulting in many casualties over the two incidents. 3) Causes of the conflicts included students rejecting the legitimacy of the transitional government and military's political influence as well as pushing for political reforms in Indonesia at the time.

1. By
Agetra Sugandi
Nadina Gusniar
Pendi Surachman

2. Wood, Walace, Zeffane, Schermerhorn, Hunt, dan
Osborn (1998:580) Conflict is a situation which two or
more people disagree over issues of organisational substance
and/or experience some emotional antagonism with one
another.

3. Kind of conflict
1) Conflict Seen from Function
a) Functional Conflict
b) Dysfunctional Conflict
2) Conflict seen Parties Involved in depth
a) Conflict interpersonal
b) Conflict inter individuals and groups
c) Conflict inter groups in the same organization
d) Conflict inter Organizations
e) Conflict among individuals in different Organizations
3) Conflict Seen from the position of someone in the
Organizational Structure
Winardi (1992:174)
a) vertical conflict
b) Horizontal conflict
c) a line-staff conflict
d) role conflict

4. The Causes Of Conflict
1) Communication.
Poor communication, in the sense of communication that causes
misunderstanding - misunderstanding between the parties involved,
can be a source of conflict
2) Structure.
The term structure is used in this context in terms of which
include: size (group), the degree of specialization that is
given to the group members, clarity of jurisdiction
(work area), a match between the goals of the members
of the group's goals, leadership styles, reward systems,
and the degree of dependence between groups
3) Personal variables.
Other potential sources of conflict are personal factors, which include:
a shared value system of each individual, the personality
characteristics that make individuals unique (idiosyncrasies) and differs
from other individuals. The fact is that certain personality types, for
example, an individual who is very authoritarian, dogmatic, and low
respect other people, a source of potential conflict.

6. 1. Stimulating Conflict
a) Increased competition interpersonal and inter-team
b) Recruiting outsiders to make changes
c) Changing procedures run
2. handle the conflict
a) Expanding the base of conflict
b) Improve coordination of interdependencies
c) Setting goals at a higher level
d) Matching personality to the work habits of employees
3. Overcome and eliminate conflict
a) preventing conflict
b) Convince the parties are at odds to compromise
c) Confront both sides of the dispute to negotiate conflict
Metodh of confict management

9. Reference
• http://paksisgendut.files.wordpress.com/2007/07/makalah2.doc
• http://kahfiehudson.wordpress.com/2011/12/13/konflik-dalam-organisasi/
• http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konflik
• http://anitanet.staff.ipb.ac.id/?tag=tawuran-pelajar-smk-berujung-maut
• http://carideny.blogspot.com/2012/11/jenis-jenis-konflik-penyebab-
konlik.html
http://pengertianmanagement.blogspot.com/2013/03/manajemen-konflik-
definisi-ciri-sumber.html

10. Semanggi tragedy conflict
Semanggi Tragedy pointed to two instances of the implementation of community
protests and Special Session agenda that resulted in civilian catastrophe . The first
known occurrence Semanggi I tragedy occurred on 11-13 November 1998 , the
transitional government of Indonesia , which resulted in 17 civilian catastrophe . The
second incident known as the tragedy of Semanggi II occurred on 24 September 1999
which resulted in a catastrophe and eleven other students across Jakarta , causing 217
casualties wounds.
In November 1998 the transitional government of Indonesia held a Special Session to
determine the next election and discuss the agenda of government will do. Students
ruffled back because they do not recognize the rule of BJ Habibie and could not believe
the members of the DPR / MPR New Order . They also demanded to remove the
military from politics and government cleanup of those New Order .
Community and student pushes Special Session 1998 and also against the dual function
of ABRI / TNI . During the Special Session held by the community to join with
students every day to do a demonstration to the streets of Jakarta and other big cities in
Indonesia . This event received enormous attention from all over Indonesia and the
international community. Almost all schools and universities in Jakarta , the place held
by the Special Session , not to prevent students gathered . Whatever is done by the
students get extra attention from the leadership of the university tight respectively as
they are under pressure apparatus which does not require student action .