KCl is salt and having ionic forces between ions.So, its boiling poi.pdf
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KCl is salt and having ionic forces between ions.So, its boiling point is more and ranked first compare to remaining two. CH2O is liquid in solution and its having intermolcular hydrogen bonding.So, its boiling point is more compare to CO2 and ranked second. CO2 is gas at room temperature due to vandarval forces between molecules.So, its boiling point is less compare to remaining two and ranked three. Hence, the decreasing order of boiling points of given molecules is, KCl > CH2O > CO2 Solution KCl is salt and having ionic forces between ions.So, its boiling point is more and ranked first compare to remaining two. CH2O is liquid in solution and its having intermolcular hydrogen bonding.So, its boiling point is more compare to CO2 and ranked second. CO2 is gas at room temperature due to vandarval forces between molecules.So, its boiling point is less compare to remaining two and ranked three. Hence, the decreasing order of boiling points of given molecules is, KCl > CH2O > CO2.
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Intermolcular
the difference of physical properties (boiling point, freezing point) based on differences in intermolecular forces (van der Waals forces, London forces, and hydrogen bonding)
Question 16 Given the following table of data- explain in terms of the.docx
Question 16 Given the following table of data, explain in terms of the Lennard-Jones potential, why the melting points and cohesive energies of noble gases increase with molecular weight [time4 minutes] Melting Point (K) 24 84 Solid Ne Ar Kr ?? Cohesive Energy (kJ/mol) 2.5 8.5 12 16 161
Solution
The melting and boiling points of noble gases are very low in comparison to those of other substances of comparable atomic and molecular masses. This indicates that only weak van der Waals forces or weak London dispersion forces are present between the atoms of the noble gases in the liquid or the solid state.
The van der Waals force increases with the increase in the size of the atom, and therefore, in general, the boiling and Similarly, because of increased dispersion forces, the boiling and melting points of monoatomic noble gases increase from helium to radon.
.
a) H2 H2 is nonpolar and thus only involves inter.pdf
a) H2 H2 is nonpolar and thus only involves intermolecular London dispersion
force; while CO is a polar molecule that involves both London dispersion force and dipole-dipole
force. Thus, intermolecular forces between H2 is weaker than those between CO. Thus, H2 has a
lower b.p. b) CO2 SiO2 is covalent compound that has very high b.p. NH3, PH3, CO2 are
molecular compounds. NH3 and PH3 involves Hydrogen bonds. Thus, their b.p. are higher than
that of CO2
Solution
a) H2 H2 is nonpolar and thus only involves intermolecular London dispersion
force; while CO is a polar molecule that involves both London dispersion force and dipole-dipole
force. Thus, intermolecular forces between H2 is weaker than those between CO. Thus, H2 has a
lower b.p. b) CO2 SiO2 is covalent compound that has very high b.p. NH3, PH3, CO2 are
molecular compounds. NH3 and PH3 involves Hydrogen bonds. Thus, their b.p. are higher than
that of CO2.
1.Rule based detection 2.Statical anomaly detection1.Rule based de.pdf
1.Rule based detection 2.Statical anomaly detection
1.Rule based detection :
a set of rules are used to decide the behaviour of an intruder
in this detection we have anomaly detection and penitration identification .in anomaly detection
rules are developed to detect deviation from previous usage patterns. in penitration identification
an expert system approach that searches for suspecious behaviour
2.Statistical anomaly datection :
the collection of data relating to the behaviour of legitimate users over a period of time. then
statistical tests are applied to observed behaviour to determine with a high level of confidence
whethear that behaviour is not legitimate user behaviour
in this detection we have threshold detection and profile based detection .in threshold detection it
approaches to defining thresholds,independent of user,for the frequency of occurence of various
events and in profile based a profile of the activity of each user is developed and used to detect
changes in the behaviour of individual accounts.
Solution
1.Rule based detection 2.Statical anomaly detection
1.Rule based detection :
a set of rules are used to decide the behaviour of an intruder
in this detection we have anomaly detection and penitration identification .in anomaly detection
rules are developed to detect deviation from previous usage patterns. in penitration identification
an expert system approach that searches for suspecious behaviour
2.Statistical anomaly datection :
the collection of data relating to the behaviour of legitimate users over a period of time. then
statistical tests are applied to observed behaviour to determine with a high level of confidence
whethear that behaviour is not legitimate user behaviour
in this detection we have threshold detection and profile based detection .in threshold detection it
approaches to defining thresholds,independent of user,for the frequency of occurence of various
events and in profile based a profile of the activity of each user is developed and used to detect
changes in the behaviour of individual accounts..
14 = disease ff24 = carriers Ff25 chances that they will pro.pdf
1/4 = disease ff
2/4 = carriers Ff
25 % chances that they will produce a child which suffers from the
disorder
50 % percentage of offspring will be carriersFfFFFFffFfff
Solution
1/4 = disease ff
2/4 = carriers Ff
25 % chances that they will produce a child which suffers from the
disorder
50 % percentage of offspring will be carriersFfFFFFffFfff.
Recommended
Intermolcular
the difference of physical properties (boiling point, freezing point) based on differences in intermolecular forces (van der Waals forces, London forces, and hydrogen bonding)
Question 16 Given the following table of data- explain in terms of the.docx
Question 16 Given the following table of data, explain in terms of the Lennard-Jones potential, why the melting points and cohesive energies of noble gases increase with molecular weight [time4 minutes] Melting Point (K) 24 84 Solid Ne Ar Kr ?? Cohesive Energy (kJ/mol) 2.5 8.5 12 16 161
Solution
The melting and boiling points of noble gases are very low in comparison to those of other substances of comparable atomic and molecular masses. This indicates that only weak van der Waals forces or weak London dispersion forces are present between the atoms of the noble gases in the liquid or the solid state.
The van der Waals force increases with the increase in the size of the atom, and therefore, in general, the boiling and Similarly, because of increased dispersion forces, the boiling and melting points of monoatomic noble gases increase from helium to radon.
.
a) H2 H2 is nonpolar and thus only involves inter.pdf
a) H2 H2 is nonpolar and thus only involves intermolecular London dispersion
force; while CO is a polar molecule that involves both London dispersion force and dipole-dipole
force. Thus, intermolecular forces between H2 is weaker than those between CO. Thus, H2 has a
lower b.p. b) CO2 SiO2 is covalent compound that has very high b.p. NH3, PH3, CO2 are
molecular compounds. NH3 and PH3 involves Hydrogen bonds. Thus, their b.p. are higher than
that of CO2
Solution
a) H2 H2 is nonpolar and thus only involves intermolecular London dispersion
force; while CO is a polar molecule that involves both London dispersion force and dipole-dipole
force. Thus, intermolecular forces between H2 is weaker than those between CO. Thus, H2 has a
lower b.p. b) CO2 SiO2 is covalent compound that has very high b.p. NH3, PH3, CO2 are
molecular compounds. NH3 and PH3 involves Hydrogen bonds. Thus, their b.p. are higher than
that of CO2.
1.Rule based detection 2.Statical anomaly detection1.Rule based de.pdf
1.Rule based detection 2.Statical anomaly detection
1.Rule based detection :
a set of rules are used to decide the behaviour of an intruder
in this detection we have anomaly detection and penitration identification .in anomaly detection
rules are developed to detect deviation from previous usage patterns. in penitration identification
an expert system approach that searches for suspecious behaviour
2.Statistical anomaly datection :
the collection of data relating to the behaviour of legitimate users over a period of time. then
statistical tests are applied to observed behaviour to determine with a high level of confidence
whethear that behaviour is not legitimate user behaviour
in this detection we have threshold detection and profile based detection .in threshold detection it
approaches to defining thresholds,independent of user,for the frequency of occurence of various
events and in profile based a profile of the activity of each user is developed and used to detect
changes in the behaviour of individual accounts.
Solution
1.Rule based detection 2.Statical anomaly detection
1.Rule based detection :
a set of rules are used to decide the behaviour of an intruder
in this detection we have anomaly detection and penitration identification .in anomaly detection
rules are developed to detect deviation from previous usage patterns. in penitration identification
an expert system approach that searches for suspecious behaviour
2.Statistical anomaly datection :
the collection of data relating to the behaviour of legitimate users over a period of time. then
statistical tests are applied to observed behaviour to determine with a high level of confidence
whethear that behaviour is not legitimate user behaviour
in this detection we have threshold detection and profile based detection .in threshold detection it
approaches to defining thresholds,independent of user,for the frequency of occurence of various
events and in profile based a profile of the activity of each user is developed and used to detect
changes in the behaviour of individual accounts..
14 = disease ff24 = carriers Ff25 chances that they will pro.pdf
1/4 = disease ff
2/4 = carriers Ff
25 % chances that they will produce a child which suffers from the
disorder
50 % percentage of offspring will be carriersFfFFFFffFfff
Solution
1/4 = disease ff
2/4 = carriers Ff
25 % chances that they will produce a child which suffers from the
disorder
50 % percentage of offspring will be carriersFfFFFFffFfff.
Mosses, lichens are great indicators of radioactive pollution. They .pdf
Mosses, lichens are great indicators of radioactive pollution. They absorb radioactive elements
specifically caesium as it is similar to patassium which forms important nutrient of mosses.
Edible mushrooms too get contaminated with such harmful elements. Hence mosses and lichens
serve as indicators for radioactive pollution areas. Inorder to check such pollution, one can
collect moss samples and check their element content of radioactive pollution. Elements like
lead, caesium, barium, titanium, berrylium are the important elements contributing o radioactive
pollution. Mosses show mutations involving somatic type giving out flowers of different colors.
Also, the mosses get damaged by reducing the plant vigor.
Solution
Mosses, lichens are great indicators of radioactive pollution. They absorb radioactive elements
specifically caesium as it is similar to patassium which forms important nutrient of mosses.
Edible mushrooms too get contaminated with such harmful elements. Hence mosses and lichens
serve as indicators for radioactive pollution areas. Inorder to check such pollution, one can
collect moss samples and check their element content of radioactive pollution. Elements like
lead, caesium, barium, titanium, berrylium are the important elements contributing o radioactive
pollution. Mosses show mutations involving somatic type giving out flowers of different colors.
Also, the mosses get damaged by reducing the plant vigor..
10 million.Sensory conflict theory argues , The brightest light at.pdf
10 million.
Sensory conflict theory argues , The brightest light at which we can see is about 10 million times
as intense as the dimmest light at which we can see.
Solution
10 million.
Sensory conflict theory argues , The brightest light at which we can see is about 10 million times
as intense as the dimmest light at which we can see..
We first find the slopes of the two lines 2M an.pdf
We first find the slopes of the two lines: 2/M and -1/4 For two lines to be
perpendicylar, the product of their slopes must be equal to -1. Hence the equation (2/M)*(-1/4) =
-1. Solve for M to find M = 1/2.
Solution
We first find the slopes of the two lines: 2/M and -1/4 For two lines to be
perpendicylar, the product of their slopes must be equal to -1. Hence the equation (2/M)*(-1/4) =
-1. Solve for M to find M = 1/2..
SO2 is a gas that mixes with water to form sulfur.pdf
SO2 is a gas that mixes with water to form sulfuric acid. The droplets can form
clouds like water does (Venus is covered with them making it bright). Sulfuric acid has a high
albedo (it reflects light), since it reflects the light, the energy it blocked from coming down.
Therefore the electromagnetic radiation (aka light) cannot is not converted into thermal energy
(it converts from light to thermal when it smacks into things). Therefore since the light cannot
make it to the surface, the thermal energy will decrease (molecules will slow down) and the
temperature will theoretically drop. :) I said theoretically because I\'m not quite sure how strong
of a greenhouse gas CO2 is (I\'m not sure if it would trap any heat that did manage to get in) as
compared to water vapor, but it doesn\'t sound like they care about that. :) Anyway sorry if I
wrote that in a confusing way, basically the light will reflect off the clouds of sulfuric acid and so
the light can\'t heat up the earth. Also, its better in the stratosphere because the sooner the light is
blocked, the less it will heat up molecules it smacks into on the way down.
Solution
SO2 is a gas that mixes with water to form sulfuric acid. The droplets can form
clouds like water does (Venus is covered with them making it bright). Sulfuric acid has a high
albedo (it reflects light), since it reflects the light, the energy it blocked from coming down.
Therefore the electromagnetic radiation (aka light) cannot is not converted into thermal energy
(it converts from light to thermal when it smacks into things). Therefore since the light cannot
make it to the surface, the thermal energy will decrease (molecules will slow down) and the
temperature will theoretically drop. :) I said theoretically because I\'m not quite sure how strong
of a greenhouse gas CO2 is (I\'m not sure if it would trap any heat that did manage to get in) as
compared to water vapor, but it doesn\'t sound like they care about that. :) Anyway sorry if I
wrote that in a confusing way, basically the light will reflect off the clouds of sulfuric acid and so
the light can\'t heat up the earth. Also, its better in the stratosphere because the sooner the light is
blocked, the less it will heat up molecules it smacks into on the way down..
1. Heterozygosity by migration calculated using the below formulaH.pdf
1. Heterozygosity by migration calculated using the below formula
H= 1 - F
where F= finite population
N= Population size
F= 1/ (2N)
By substituting F = 1/ (2N) in H= 1- F
H= 1 - 1/ 2N
H= 1 - 1/2 x 1000 = 0.9995
2. Heterozygosity by mutational drift can be calculated using
H= 4Nu / 1+ 4Nu
u= mutation rate
H= 4 x 1000 x 1 x 10-9 / 1 + 4 x 1000 x 10-9 = 3.9 x 10-6
Heterozygosity is decreased by mutation and migration. The differences in the values is large
because large mutation rates causes totally shift of the population and evolves into new species.
But migration will not act as fast as mutation .
Solution
1. Heterozygosity by migration calculated using the below formula
H= 1 - F
where F= finite population
N= Population size
F= 1/ (2N)
By substituting F = 1/ (2N) in H= 1- F
H= 1 - 1/ 2N
H= 1 - 1/2 x 1000 = 0.9995
2. Heterozygosity by mutational drift can be calculated using
H= 4Nu / 1+ 4Nu
u= mutation rate
H= 4 x 1000 x 1 x 10-9 / 1 + 4 x 1000 x 10-9 = 3.9 x 10-6
Heterozygosity is decreased by mutation and migration. The differences in the values is large
because large mutation rates causes totally shift of the population and evolves into new species.
But migration will not act as fast as mutation ..
1).Monohybrid cross between true breeding parents. Assume that the.pdf
1).
Monohybrid cross between true breeding parents. Assume that the gene “A” is dominant and “a”
is recessive. The genotype of parents are, AA (true breeding for dominant), aa (true breeding for
recessive).
Genotypes of the true-breeding parents in the _____parental___ generation are ___AA__ and
___aa_.
Genotype(s) of the offspring from the true-breeding parents is(are)_Aa____and the symbol for
this generation of offspring is __F1__.
Punnet square: AA (male) and aa (female)
A
A
a
Aa
Aa
a
Aa
Aa
A
A
a
Aa
Aa
a
Aa
Aa
Solution
1).
Monohybrid cross between true breeding parents. Assume that the gene “A” is dominant and “a”
is recessive. The genotype of parents are, AA (true breeding for dominant), aa (true breeding for
recessive).
Genotypes of the true-breeding parents in the _____parental___ generation are ___AA__ and
___aa_.
Genotype(s) of the offspring from the true-breeding parents is(are)_Aa____and the symbol for
this generation of offspring is __F1__.
Punnet square: AA (male) and aa (female)
A
A
a
Aa
Aa
a
Aa
Aa
A
A
a
Aa
Aa
a
Aa
Aa.
1. Moving down a group, the electronegativity decreases due to the l.pdf
1. Moving down a group, the electronegativity decreases due to the longer distance between the
nucleus and the valence electron shell, thereby decreasing the attraction, making the atom have
less of an attraction for electrons or protons. 2.Trend-wise, as one moves from left to right across
a period in the periodic table, the electronegativity increases due to the stronger attraction that
the atoms obtain as the nuclear charge increases.
Solution
1. Moving down a group, the electronegativity decreases due to the longer distance between the
nucleus and the valence electron shell, thereby decreasing the attraction, making the atom have
less of an attraction for electrons or protons. 2.Trend-wise, as one moves from left to right across
a period in the periodic table, the electronegativity increases due to the stronger attraction that
the atoms obtain as the nuclear charge increases..
The mercury liquid and the mercury(II) oxide are .pdf
The mercury liquid and the mercury(II) oxide are not in the equilibrium constant
expression because of being pure liguids and solids. Kc = 1/[O2] = 1/1.60 M = 0.625
Solution
The mercury liquid and the mercury(II) oxide are not in the equilibrium constant
expression because of being pure liguids and solids. Kc = 1/[O2] = 1/1.60 M = 0.625.
1 Ans Bacteria are unicellular organisms that reproduce by cell divi.pdf
1 Ans Bacteria are unicellular organisms that reproduce by cell division, while viruses are
acellular and are incapable of reproducing on their own and they need a living host.
2 Ans Persistant viral infections are slow viral infections progressive over a long period of time
and are usually fatal.
Examples:
AIDS dementia comples (HIV)
Progressive encephalitis (Rubella virus)
Latent viral infection can remain in host cells throughout life without causing disease. They may
be reactivated by immunosuppression, however, and cause disease.
Examples:
Cold sores
Shingles
Solution
1 Ans Bacteria are unicellular organisms that reproduce by cell division, while viruses are
acellular and are incapable of reproducing on their own and they need a living host.
2 Ans Persistant viral infections are slow viral infections progressive over a long period of time
and are usually fatal.
Examples:
AIDS dementia comples (HIV)
Progressive encephalitis (Rubella virus)
Latent viral infection can remain in host cells throughout life without causing disease. They may
be reactivated by immunosuppression, however, and cause disease.
Examples:
Cold sores
Shingles.
1#include stdio.h#include stdlib.h#include assert.h .pdf
1
#include
#include
#include
/* Link list node */
struct node
{
int data;
struct node* next;
};
/* Given a reference (pointer to pointer) to the head
of a list and an int, push a new node on the front
of the list. */
void push(struct node** head_ref, int new_data)
{
/* allocate node */
struct node* new_node =
(struct node*) malloc(sizeof(struct node));
/* put in the data */
new_node->data = new_data;
/* link the old list off the new node */
new_node->next = (*head_ref);
/* move the head to point to the new node */
(*head_ref) = new_node;
}
/* Takes head pointer of the linked list and index
as arguments and return data at index*/
int GetNth(struct node* head, int index)
{
struct node* current = head;
int count = 0; /* the index of the node we\'re currently
looking at */
while (current != NULL)
{
if (count == index)
return(current->data);
count++;
current = current->next;
}
/* if we get to this line, the caller was asking
for a non-existent element so we assert fail */
assert(0);
}
/* Drier program to test above function*/
int main()
{
/* Start with the empty list */
struct node* head = NULL;
/* Use push() to construct below list
1->12->1->4->1 */
push(&head, 1);
push(&head, 4);
push(&head, 1);
push(&head, 12);
push(&head, 1);
/* Check the count function */
printf(\"Element at index 3 is %d\", GetNth(head, 3));
getchar();
}
2
#include
#include
#include
/* Link list node */
struct node
{
int data;
struct node* next;
};
/* Given a reference (pointer to pointer) to the head
of a list and an int, push a new node on the front
of the list. */
void push(struct node** head_ref, int new_data)
{
/* allocate node */
struct node* new_node =
(struct node*) malloc(sizeof(struct node));
/* put in the data */
new_node->data = new_data;
/* link the old list off the new node */
new_node->next = (*head_ref);
/* move the head to point to the new node */
(*head_ref) = new_node;
}
/* Takes head pointer of the linked list and index
as arguments and return data at index*/
int GetNth(struct node* head, int index)
{
struct node* current = head;
int count = 0; /* the index of the node we\'re currently
looking at */
while (current != NULL)
{
if (count == index)
return(current->data);
count++;
current = current->next;
}
/* if we get to this line, the caller was asking
for a non-existent element so we assert fail */
assert(0);
}
/* Drier program to test above function*/
int main()
{
/* Start with the empty list */
struct node* head = NULL;
/* Use push() to construct below list
1->12->1->4->1 */
push(&head, 1);
push(&head, 4);
push(&head, 1);
push(&head, 12);
push(&head, 1);
/* Check the count function */
printf(\"Element at index 3 is %d\", GetNth(head, 3));
getchar();
}
Solution
1
#include
#include
#include
/* Link list node */
struct node
{
int data;
struct node* next;
};
/* Given a reference (pointer to pointer) to the head
of a list and an int, push a new node on the front
of the list. */
void push(struct node** head_ref, int new_data)
{
/* allocate node */
struct node*.
Ques-6 answerThe clinical significance of beta-hemolytic (on blo.pdf
Ques-6: answer:
The clinical significance of beta-hemolytic (on blood agar medium) streptococci isolated from
throat specimen is consequent incidence of rheumatoid fever and acute glomerulonephritis.
Streptococcus pneumoniae (normally present in our body, can be found in the upper respiratory
tract) is an organism that cause upper respiratory tract infections and otitis media. When children
with running nose touch each other, the organism passed through the secretions. This causes
infection in the healthy child, decreased immunity against the bacteria and increased activation
of the flora causes otitis media (a painful ear infection) in children. These respiratory bacteria
produce inflammatory virulent toxins to invade respiratory cells and nutrients finally become
pathogenic to host immune system result in severe respiratory illness.
Throat infections caused by beta-hemolytic streptococcal bacteria may cause \"post-streptococcal
glomerulonephritis\" if left untreated. Therefore, patient needs treatment to treat these symptoms
(antibiotics such as penicillin, corticosteroids and diuretics are to be given). The bacteria causes
inflammation of the blood vessels supplying glomeruli, which impairs the glomerular filtration.
Decreased urine filtration causes edema (swelling of body organs).
Ques-7:
The infection is strep throat and streptococcal bacteria (group B) cause it. These bacteria infect
the upper respiratory tract and causes fever, sore throat, abdominal pain, fatigue, vomiting, body
aches. In a Gram stain of sputum specimen of beta hemolytic streptococci, \"squamous epithelial
cell type\" of body cell provides an indication that the sputum specimen represents material from
an active infection. Other cells are present in the sputum during the active infection are
polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs)
Solution
Ques-6: answer:
The clinical significance of beta-hemolytic (on blood agar medium) streptococci isolated from
throat specimen is consequent incidence of rheumatoid fever and acute glomerulonephritis.
Streptococcus pneumoniae (normally present in our body, can be found in the upper respiratory
tract) is an organism that cause upper respiratory tract infections and otitis media. When children
with running nose touch each other, the organism passed through the secretions. This causes
infection in the healthy child, decreased immunity against the bacteria and increased activation
of the flora causes otitis media (a painful ear infection) in children. These respiratory bacteria
produce inflammatory virulent toxins to invade respiratory cells and nutrients finally become
pathogenic to host immune system result in severe respiratory illness.
Throat infections caused by beta-hemolytic streptococcal bacteria may cause \"post-streptococcal
glomerulonephritis\" if left untreated. Therefore, patient needs treatment to treat these symptoms
(antibiotics such as penicillin, corticosteroids and diuretics are to be given). The bacteria causes
inflammat.
Valence electrons electrons at outer-most energy level.Effective.pdf
Valence electrons : electrons at outer-most energy level.
Effective nuclear charge: net positive charge experienced by an electron in a multi-electron atom.
Atomic radius: distance from the nucleus to the boundary of the surrounding cloud of electrons.
Ionic radius: measure of the size of an atom\'s ion.
Ionization Energy: nergy needed to remove electrons from an atom.
Electron Affinity: the energy change when an electron is added to the neutral atom to form a
negative ion.
Electronegativity: tendency of an atom or a functional group to attract electrons.
Oxidation number (or Oxidation state): hypothetical charge that an atom would have if all bonds
to atoms of different elements were 100% ionic.
Oxidation: Lossing electrons
Reductio: Gaining electrons
Oxidizing agent: Element being Reduced
Reducing agent: Element being Oxidized
Covalent Bond: chemical bonding by shaing of electrons (Non-metal with Non-metal).
Ionic Bond: chemical bonding of non-metal and metal
Compounds: combinations of two or more elements
Octet rule: maximum of 8 electrons (in the valence shell) can be added during a reaction.
Electrolytes: substance that can conduct electricity.
Hydration: chemical reaction when adding water.
Solubility: property of a solid, liquid, or gaseous chemical substance mix with one other to form
a homogeneous solution.
Concentration: abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture.
Dilute: lowering the concentration of a chemical.
Concentrated solution: solution in which much of the water has been removed.
Brønsted acid: proton donor.
Brønsted base: proton acceptor.
Monoprotic acids: donate one proton per molecule during the process of dissociation.
Diprotic acids: donate two protons per molecule during the process of dissociation.
Triprotic acids: donate three protons per molecule during the process of dissociation.
pH: measure of acidity and basic of a solution.
Strong acid: ionizes completely in an aqueous solution by losing one proton.
Weak acids: acid that dissociates incompletely.
Strong base: accept hydrogen ions or more generally or donate electron pairs.
Weak base: does not ionize fully in an aqueous solution
Supersaturated solution: solute > solvent
Saturated solution: solute = solvent
unsaturated solution: solute < solvent
Solution
Valence electrons : electrons at outer-most energy level.
Effective nuclear charge: net positive charge experienced by an electron in a multi-electron atom.
Atomic radius: distance from the nucleus to the boundary of the surrounding cloud of electrons.
Ionic radius: measure of the size of an atom\'s ion.
Ionization Energy: nergy needed to remove electrons from an atom.
Electron Affinity: the energy change when an electron is added to the neutral atom to form a
negative ion.
Electronegativity: tendency of an atom or a functional group to attract electrons.
Oxidation number (or Oxidation state): hypothetical charge that an atom would have if all bonds
to atoms of different elements were 10.
What is storage mediaAns-C. the physical material on which a co.pdf
What is storage media?
Ans-
C. the physical material on which a computer keeps data, instructions, and information
Storage media are devices that store application and user information. Storage media is device on
which data can be electronically places kept and retrieved .The primary storage media for a
computer is usually the internal hard drive.
Solution
What is storage media?
Ans-
C. the physical material on which a computer keeps data, instructions, and information
Storage media are devices that store application and user information. Storage media is device on
which data can be electronically places kept and retrieved .The primary storage media for a
computer is usually the internal hard drive..
Transactional model of communication states that if people are conne.pdf
Transactional model of communication states that if people are connected through
communication, they engage in transaction. It propogates that communication is simultaneous.
5 parts or labels: The first part is the sender and receiver - they are the people involved in the
communication. The 2nd part is the message i.e the information being send/received. The 3rd
part is the channel of communication. The 4th part is the response and the decoding of messages
by the sender/receiver. The 5th part is the feedback.
It is different from the linear model of communication, in the sense that unlike the one way
model in the linear communication, the transactional model is a simultaneous model. Linear
model does not involve any feedback, unlike the transactional model.
Ethics means rules of behavior based on ideas about what is right and wrong. Interpersonal
communication is exchange of information between 2 or more people. The ethical choices
involved here is that one should be humble and polite in conversations. One should not hurt the
other person\'s religious or cultural beliefs.
I grew up in an Asian culture in the Indian subcontinent. My family and my society was
orthodox in thinking. This made me (as well as other people growing up and exposed to this
culture) not much of a risk taker. This was due to the fact that we were made to believe that god
will always help us, whatever happens, happens for good (destiny).
If i had grown in a different culture, i probably would be more of a risk taker.
Adam has perception problems. He does not interpret sensory information correctly. His
cognitive (senses of the mind) powers are not that strong.
He can improve his communication by focusing on proxemics i.e non verbal communication.
He should have a strong body movement (kinesics) for better non verbal communication. It
includes facial expressions, gestures etc.
He should also focus on paralanguage - the tone and pitch of his voice.
Solution
Transactional model of communication states that if people are connected through
communication, they engage in transaction. It propogates that communication is simultaneous.
5 parts or labels: The first part is the sender and receiver - they are the people involved in the
communication. The 2nd part is the message i.e the information being send/received. The 3rd
part is the channel of communication. The 4th part is the response and the decoding of messages
by the sender/receiver. The 5th part is the feedback.
It is different from the linear model of communication, in the sense that unlike the one way
model in the linear communication, the transactional model is a simultaneous model. Linear
model does not involve any feedback, unlike the transactional model.
Ethics means rules of behavior based on ideas about what is right and wrong. Interpersonal
communication is exchange of information between 2 or more people. The ethical choices
involved here is that one should be humble and polite in conversations. One should not hur.
What is the measure of the strength of the relationship between inde.pdf
What is the measure of the strength of the relationship between independent and dependent
variables.
Solution
The pearson correlation coefficient measures the strength of the LINEAR
relationship between two variables. The R-squared values measures the proportion of variation
in the dependent variable that can be explained by the independent (predictor) variables..
Some of the SO32- is oxidized by atmospheric oxygen in air into SO42.pdf
Some of the SO32- is oxidized by atmospheric oxygen in air into SO42-:
2 SO32-(aq) + O2 (g) --> 2 SO42-(aq)
Thus a positive test forSO42-is expected in solutions ofSO32-even when noSO42-has been
placed.
Solution
Some of the SO32- is oxidized by atmospheric oxygen in air into SO42-:
2 SO32-(aq) + O2 (g) --> 2 SO42-(aq)
Thus a positive test forSO42-is expected in solutions ofSO32-even when noSO42-has been
placed..
Should begin with a letter and may contain additional letters and di.pdf
Should begin with a letter and may contain additional letters and digits. Identifiers are the same
as variables.
Use descriptive n Use single letters only for the counter in loops.
Variable names start with lower-case
Multi-word identifiers are internally capitalized
Do not use hyphens or underscores to separate multi-word identifiers.
Need to print extra characters?
What about the unicode set?
This is the format: \\uHHHH
Remember any other escape characters such as \ , \\t and \\\\?
The following lists some of these conventions based on the type of identifier:
Class name
The first letter of each word is capitalized, examples:
Mammal, SeaMammal
Function name
The first letter of each, except the first, word is capitalized, examples:
getAge, setHeight
Variable name
The first letter of each, except the first, word is capitalized, examples:
age, brainSize
Constant names
Every letter is capitalized and underscores are used between words, examples:
MAX_HEIGHT, MAX_AGE
RESERVED WORDS
As you may have noticed, many of Java\'s keywords are borrowed from C/C++. Also, as in
C/C++, keywords are always written in lowercase.
Data declaration keywords (boolean, float, int)
Loop keywords (continue, while, for)
Conditional keywords (if, else, switch)
Exception keywords (try, throw, catch)
Structure keywords (class, extends)
Modifier and access keywords (private, public)
Miscellaneous keywords (true, null)
The following keywords and their use, you SHOULD know.
boolean default for private switch
break double if protected this
case else import public throws
catch extends int return try
char final new static void
class float package super while
VARIABLE SCOPE
Where is it appropriate to declare a variable? Does it make a difference?
PRIMITIVE DATA TYPES
int (16-bit)
float (32-bit)
double (64-bit
boolean (true/false)
char (16-bit unicode)
What about String?
What about Integer, and Double?
OBJECTS
Why object oriented programming?
Objects need to be built, so we need constructors.
Instance variables and the role they play when defining objects.
What about methods of an object?
ARRAYS
int[] array = new int[5]; // one-dimensional array
it may also be declared as:
int[] array = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; // it is initialized and declared at the same time.
Arrays can be of any primitive data type or object. Arrays have an instance variable \"length\"
that we can access to find out how big the array is. Remember that an Array can throw an
IndexOutOfBoundsException. Make use of it to make your code safe.
VECTORS
Must import java.util.*;
Unlike arrays, vectors can only hold objects, no primitive data types are allowed. Vectors can
grow big and unbounded. You may want to specify the capacity of the vector but you dont need
to. The default capacity is 10 and it doubles in size every time the capacity is reached.
Just like arrays have the \"length\" instance variable, Vectors have a .size() method that returns
the current size of the vector.
void .addElement(Object obj)
void .setElementA.
#include iostream #include string #include iomanip #incl.pdf
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::string;
using std::endl;
using std::vector;
static const string colors[] = { \"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"cyan\", \"magenta\", \"yellow\" };
static const int PEGNUM = 4;
static int getRandomValue()
{
static bool first = true;
if (first)
{
first = false;
srand((int)time(0));
}
return(rand());
}
static string easyToLower(string word)
{
transform(word.begin(), word.end(), word.begin(), ::tolower);
return word;
}
inline string trim(string& str) // courtesy of stack overflow
{
str.erase(0, str.find_first_not_of(\' \')); //prefixing spaces
str.erase(str.find_last_not_of(\' \') + 1); //surfixing spaces
return str;
}
static vector setNewCode()
{
vector theCode;
for (int i = 0; i < PEGNUM; i++)
{
theCode.push_back(colors[getRandomValue() % 6]);
}
return theCode;
}
static vector getPlayerGuess()
{
vector words;
string in = \"\", word=\"\";
bool okay = false;
bool quitting = false;
while (!okay)
{
cout << \"Enter your guess (red, green, blue, cyan, magenta, yellow. Enter 4 colors): \ \"< 0)
//get input
{
in = trim(in);
index = in.find_first_of(\" \");
if (index == -1)
{
word = in;
in = \"\";
}
else
word = in.substr(0, index);
words.push_back(word);
in = in.substr(index+1);
if (words.size() == PEGNUM)
{
break;
}
}
okay = true;
for (int i = 0; i < words.size(); i++) // check and standardize inputs
{
words[i] = easyToLower(words[i]);
if (words[i] == \"red\" || words[i] == \"r\")
{
words[i] = colors[0];
//cout << words[i] << endl;
}
else if (words[i] == \"green\" || words[i] == \"g\")
{
words[i] = colors[1];
//cout << words[i] << endl;
}
else if (words[i] == \"blue\" || words[i] == \"b\")
{
words[i] = colors[2];
//cout << words[i] << endl;
}
else if (words[i] == \"cyan\" || words[i] == \"c\")
{
words[i] = colors[3];
//cout << words[i] << endl;
}
else if (words[i] == \"magenta\" || words[i] == \"m\")
{
words[i] = colors[4];
//cout << words[i] << endl;
}
else if (words[i] == \"yellow\" || words[i] == \"y\")
{
words[i] = colors[5];
//cout << words[i] << endl;
}
else if (words[i] == \"quit\")
{
quitting = true;
words.clear();
words.push_back(\"quit\");
return words;
}
else
{
cout << words[i] << \" is an invalid submittion\" << endl;
words.clear();
okay = false;
}
}
if (!okay)
cout << \"Invalid entry. Please try again\ \" << endl;
if (words.size() != PEGNUM) // check if 4 entries
{
cout << \"Must enter 4 colors. Try again\ \" << endl;
words.clear();
okay = false;
}
}
return words;
}
static int setBlackPegs(vector theCode, vector guessCode)
{
int bps = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < PEGNUM; i++)
{
if (theCode[i] == guessCode[i])
bps++;
}
return bps;
}
static int setWhitePegs(vector theCode, vector guessCode, int bps)
{
int RGBCMYnumsTheCode[6];
int RGBCMYnumsGuessCode[6];
int wps=0;
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
{
RGBCMYnumsTheCode[i] = 0;
RGBCMYnumsGuessCode[i] = 0;
}
for (int i = 0; i < PEGNUM; i++)
{
if (theCode[i] == colors[0])
{
RGBCMYnumsTheCode[0]++;
}
else if (theCo.
Prostomes are mollusca, annelids and arthropods while deuterostomes .pdf
Prostomes are mollusca, annelids and arthropods while deuterostomes are echinoderms,
hemichordates and chordates
So correct answer is prostomes and bilaterally symmetrical (D)
Solution
Prostomes are mollusca, annelids and arthropods while deuterostomes are echinoderms,
hemichordates and chordates
So correct answer is prostomes and bilaterally symmetrical (D).
Income Statement of Baker and Co.Services Provided$98000Intere.pdf
Income Statement of Baker and Co.
Services Provided
$98000
Interest($13000*6%*4/12)
$260
Total Income
$98260
Salary Expenses
$34000
Uncollectible Account Expense
$980
Net Income
$63280
Dividend
$2000
Transferred to retained earnings
$61280
Balance Sheet of Baker & Co
Liabilities
Assets
Owners equity
$190000
Accounts Receivables
$13020
Retained Earnings
$61280
Investment(with Interest Accrued)
$13260
Cash
$225000
Total
$251280
Total
$251280
Cash A/c
Owners Equity
$190000
Investment
$13000
Accounts Receivables
$84000
Salary
$34000
Dividend
$2000
Balance
$225000
$274000
$274000
Cash Flow Statement
Cash from Operating Activities
Cash generated from operations
$63280
Less Dividend
$2000
Less Interest income
$260
Less Increase in Accounts Receivables
13020
$48000
Cash From Investing Activities
($13000)
Investments
($13000)
Cash From Financing Activities
Proceeds from Shares Issued
$190000
$190000
Cash and Cash equivalents at the beginning of the year
0
Cash and Cash equivalents at the Ending of the year
$225000
Statement of Changes of Share holders Equity
Share Holders Equity
$190000
Add Retained Earnings
$61280
Share Holders Equity as on 31-12-2010
$251280
Income Statement of Baker and Co.
Services Provided
$98000
Interest($13000*6%*4/12)
$260
Total Income
$98260
Salary Expenses
$34000
Uncollectible Account Expense
$980
Net Income
$63280
Dividend
$2000
Transferred to retained earnings
$61280
Solution
Income Statement of Baker and Co.
Services Provided
$98000
Interest($13000*6%*4/12)
$260
Total Income
$98260
Salary Expenses
$34000
Uncollectible Account Expense
$980
Net Income
$63280
Dividend
$2000
Transferred to retained earnings
$61280
Balance Sheet of Baker & Co
Liabilities
Assets
Owners equity
$190000
Accounts Receivables
$13020
Retained Earnings
$61280
Investment(with Interest Accrued)
$13260
Cash
$225000
Total
$251280
Total
$251280
Cash A/c
Owners Equity
$190000
Investment
$13000
Accounts Receivables
$84000
Salary
$34000
Dividend
$2000
Balance
$225000
$274000
$274000
Cash Flow Statement
Cash from Operating Activities
Cash generated from operations
$63280
Less Dividend
$2000
Less Interest income
$260
Less Increase in Accounts Receivables
13020
$48000
Cash From Investing Activities
($13000)
Investments
($13000)
Cash From Financing Activities
Proceeds from Shares Issued
$190000
$190000
Cash and Cash equivalents at the beginning of the year
0
Cash and Cash equivalents at the Ending of the year
$225000
Statement of Changes of Share holders Equity
Share Holders Equity
$190000
Add Retained Earnings
$61280
Share Holders Equity as on 31-12-2010
$251280
Income Statement of Baker and Co.
Services Provided
$98000
Interest($13000*6%*4/12)
$260
Total Income
$98260
Salary Expenses
$34000
Uncollectible Account Expense
$980
Net Income
$63280
Dividend
$2000
Transferred to retained earnings
$61280.
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS.
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH GLOBAL SUCCESS LỚP 3 - CẢ NĂM (CÓ FILE NGHE VÀ ĐÁP Á...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH GLOBAL SUCCESS LỚP 3 - CẢ NĂM (CÓ FILE NGHE VÀ ĐÁP Á...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/hqnndn05v4q5a4k4jd597rkdbda0fniiMore Related Content
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Mosses, lichens are great indicators of radioactive pollution. They .pdf
Mosses, lichens are great indicators of radioactive pollution. They absorb radioactive elements
specifically caesium as it is similar to patassium which forms important nutrient of mosses.
Edible mushrooms too get contaminated with such harmful elements. Hence mosses and lichens
serve as indicators for radioactive pollution areas. Inorder to check such pollution, one can
collect moss samples and check their element content of radioactive pollution. Elements like
lead, caesium, barium, titanium, berrylium are the important elements contributing o radioactive
pollution. Mosses show mutations involving somatic type giving out flowers of different colors.
Also, the mosses get damaged by reducing the plant vigor.
Solution
Mosses, lichens are great indicators of radioactive pollution. They absorb radioactive elements
specifically caesium as it is similar to patassium which forms important nutrient of mosses.
Edible mushrooms too get contaminated with such harmful elements. Hence mosses and lichens
serve as indicators for radioactive pollution areas. Inorder to check such pollution, one can
collect moss samples and check their element content of radioactive pollution. Elements like
lead, caesium, barium, titanium, berrylium are the important elements contributing o radioactive
pollution. Mosses show mutations involving somatic type giving out flowers of different colors.
Also, the mosses get damaged by reducing the plant vigor..
10 million.Sensory conflict theory argues , The brightest light at.pdf
10 million.
Sensory conflict theory argues , The brightest light at which we can see is about 10 million times
as intense as the dimmest light at which we can see.
Solution
10 million.
Sensory conflict theory argues , The brightest light at which we can see is about 10 million times
as intense as the dimmest light at which we can see..
We first find the slopes of the two lines 2M an.pdf
We first find the slopes of the two lines: 2/M and -1/4 For two lines to be
perpendicylar, the product of their slopes must be equal to -1. Hence the equation (2/M)*(-1/4) =
-1. Solve for M to find M = 1/2.
Solution
We first find the slopes of the two lines: 2/M and -1/4 For two lines to be
perpendicylar, the product of their slopes must be equal to -1. Hence the equation (2/M)*(-1/4) =
-1. Solve for M to find M = 1/2..
SO2 is a gas that mixes with water to form sulfur.pdf
SO2 is a gas that mixes with water to form sulfuric acid. The droplets can form
clouds like water does (Venus is covered with them making it bright). Sulfuric acid has a high
albedo (it reflects light), since it reflects the light, the energy it blocked from coming down.
Therefore the electromagnetic radiation (aka light) cannot is not converted into thermal energy
(it converts from light to thermal when it smacks into things). Therefore since the light cannot
make it to the surface, the thermal energy will decrease (molecules will slow down) and the
temperature will theoretically drop. :) I said theoretically because I\'m not quite sure how strong
of a greenhouse gas CO2 is (I\'m not sure if it would trap any heat that did manage to get in) as
compared to water vapor, but it doesn\'t sound like they care about that. :) Anyway sorry if I
wrote that in a confusing way, basically the light will reflect off the clouds of sulfuric acid and so
the light can\'t heat up the earth. Also, its better in the stratosphere because the sooner the light is
blocked, the less it will heat up molecules it smacks into on the way down.
Solution
SO2 is a gas that mixes with water to form sulfuric acid. The droplets can form
clouds like water does (Venus is covered with them making it bright). Sulfuric acid has a high
albedo (it reflects light), since it reflects the light, the energy it blocked from coming down.
Therefore the electromagnetic radiation (aka light) cannot is not converted into thermal energy
(it converts from light to thermal when it smacks into things). Therefore since the light cannot
make it to the surface, the thermal energy will decrease (molecules will slow down) and the
temperature will theoretically drop. :) I said theoretically because I\'m not quite sure how strong
of a greenhouse gas CO2 is (I\'m not sure if it would trap any heat that did manage to get in) as
compared to water vapor, but it doesn\'t sound like they care about that. :) Anyway sorry if I
wrote that in a confusing way, basically the light will reflect off the clouds of sulfuric acid and so
the light can\'t heat up the earth. Also, its better in the stratosphere because the sooner the light is
blocked, the less it will heat up molecules it smacks into on the way down..
1. Heterozygosity by migration calculated using the below formulaH.pdf
1. Heterozygosity by migration calculated using the below formula
H= 1 - F
where F= finite population
N= Population size
F= 1/ (2N)
By substituting F = 1/ (2N) in H= 1- F
H= 1 - 1/ 2N
H= 1 - 1/2 x 1000 = 0.9995
2. Heterozygosity by mutational drift can be calculated using
H= 4Nu / 1+ 4Nu
u= mutation rate
H= 4 x 1000 x 1 x 10-9 / 1 + 4 x 1000 x 10-9 = 3.9 x 10-6
Heterozygosity is decreased by mutation and migration. The differences in the values is large
because large mutation rates causes totally shift of the population and evolves into new species.
But migration will not act as fast as mutation .
Solution
1. Heterozygosity by migration calculated using the below formula
H= 1 - F
where F= finite population
N= Population size
F= 1/ (2N)
By substituting F = 1/ (2N) in H= 1- F
H= 1 - 1/ 2N
H= 1 - 1/2 x 1000 = 0.9995
2. Heterozygosity by mutational drift can be calculated using
H= 4Nu / 1+ 4Nu
u= mutation rate
H= 4 x 1000 x 1 x 10-9 / 1 + 4 x 1000 x 10-9 = 3.9 x 10-6
Heterozygosity is decreased by mutation and migration. The differences in the values is large
because large mutation rates causes totally shift of the population and evolves into new species.
But migration will not act as fast as mutation ..
1).Monohybrid cross between true breeding parents. Assume that the.pdf
1).
Monohybrid cross between true breeding parents. Assume that the gene “A” is dominant and “a”
is recessive. The genotype of parents are, AA (true breeding for dominant), aa (true breeding for
recessive).
Genotypes of the true-breeding parents in the _____parental___ generation are ___AA__ and
___aa_.
Genotype(s) of the offspring from the true-breeding parents is(are)_Aa____and the symbol for
this generation of offspring is __F1__.
Punnet square: AA (male) and aa (female)
A
A
a
Aa
Aa
a
Aa
Aa
A
A
a
Aa
Aa
a
Aa
Aa
Solution
1).
Monohybrid cross between true breeding parents. Assume that the gene “A” is dominant and “a”
is recessive. The genotype of parents are, AA (true breeding for dominant), aa (true breeding for
recessive).
Genotypes of the true-breeding parents in the _____parental___ generation are ___AA__ and
___aa_.
Genotype(s) of the offspring from the true-breeding parents is(are)_Aa____and the symbol for
this generation of offspring is __F1__.
Punnet square: AA (male) and aa (female)
A
A
a
Aa
Aa
a
Aa
Aa
A
A
a
Aa
Aa
a
Aa
Aa.
1. Moving down a group, the electronegativity decreases due to the l.pdf
1. Moving down a group, the electronegativity decreases due to the longer distance between the
nucleus and the valence electron shell, thereby decreasing the attraction, making the atom have
less of an attraction for electrons or protons. 2.Trend-wise, as one moves from left to right across
a period in the periodic table, the electronegativity increases due to the stronger attraction that
the atoms obtain as the nuclear charge increases.
Solution
1. Moving down a group, the electronegativity decreases due to the longer distance between the
nucleus and the valence electron shell, thereby decreasing the attraction, making the atom have
less of an attraction for electrons or protons. 2.Trend-wise, as one moves from left to right across
a period in the periodic table, the electronegativity increases due to the stronger attraction that
the atoms obtain as the nuclear charge increases..
The mercury liquid and the mercury(II) oxide are .pdf
The mercury liquid and the mercury(II) oxide are not in the equilibrium constant
expression because of being pure liguids and solids. Kc = 1/[O2] = 1/1.60 M = 0.625
Solution
The mercury liquid and the mercury(II) oxide are not in the equilibrium constant
expression because of being pure liguids and solids. Kc = 1/[O2] = 1/1.60 M = 0.625.
1 Ans Bacteria are unicellular organisms that reproduce by cell divi.pdf
1 Ans Bacteria are unicellular organisms that reproduce by cell division, while viruses are
acellular and are incapable of reproducing on their own and they need a living host.
2 Ans Persistant viral infections are slow viral infections progressive over a long period of time
and are usually fatal.
Examples:
AIDS dementia comples (HIV)
Progressive encephalitis (Rubella virus)
Latent viral infection can remain in host cells throughout life without causing disease. They may
be reactivated by immunosuppression, however, and cause disease.
Examples:
Cold sores
Shingles
Solution
1 Ans Bacteria are unicellular organisms that reproduce by cell division, while viruses are
acellular and are incapable of reproducing on their own and they need a living host.
2 Ans Persistant viral infections are slow viral infections progressive over a long period of time
and are usually fatal.
Examples:
AIDS dementia comples (HIV)
Progressive encephalitis (Rubella virus)
Latent viral infection can remain in host cells throughout life without causing disease. They may
be reactivated by immunosuppression, however, and cause disease.
Examples:
Cold sores
Shingles.
1#include stdio.h#include stdlib.h#include assert.h .pdf
1
#include
#include
#include
/* Link list node */
struct node
{
int data;
struct node* next;
};
/* Given a reference (pointer to pointer) to the head
of a list and an int, push a new node on the front
of the list. */
void push(struct node** head_ref, int new_data)
{
/* allocate node */
struct node* new_node =
(struct node*) malloc(sizeof(struct node));
/* put in the data */
new_node->data = new_data;
/* link the old list off the new node */
new_node->next = (*head_ref);
/* move the head to point to the new node */
(*head_ref) = new_node;
}
/* Takes head pointer of the linked list and index
as arguments and return data at index*/
int GetNth(struct node* head, int index)
{
struct node* current = head;
int count = 0; /* the index of the node we\'re currently
looking at */
while (current != NULL)
{
if (count == index)
return(current->data);
count++;
current = current->next;
}
/* if we get to this line, the caller was asking
for a non-existent element so we assert fail */
assert(0);
}
/* Drier program to test above function*/
int main()
{
/* Start with the empty list */
struct node* head = NULL;
/* Use push() to construct below list
1->12->1->4->1 */
push(&head, 1);
push(&head, 4);
push(&head, 1);
push(&head, 12);
push(&head, 1);
/* Check the count function */
printf(\"Element at index 3 is %d\", GetNth(head, 3));
getchar();
}
2
#include
#include
#include
/* Link list node */
struct node
{
int data;
struct node* next;
};
/* Given a reference (pointer to pointer) to the head
of a list and an int, push a new node on the front
of the list. */
void push(struct node** head_ref, int new_data)
{
/* allocate node */
struct node* new_node =
(struct node*) malloc(sizeof(struct node));
/* put in the data */
new_node->data = new_data;
/* link the old list off the new node */
new_node->next = (*head_ref);
/* move the head to point to the new node */
(*head_ref) = new_node;
}
/* Takes head pointer of the linked list and index
as arguments and return data at index*/
int GetNth(struct node* head, int index)
{
struct node* current = head;
int count = 0; /* the index of the node we\'re currently
looking at */
while (current != NULL)
{
if (count == index)
return(current->data);
count++;
current = current->next;
}
/* if we get to this line, the caller was asking
for a non-existent element so we assert fail */
assert(0);
}
/* Drier program to test above function*/
int main()
{
/* Start with the empty list */
struct node* head = NULL;
/* Use push() to construct below list
1->12->1->4->1 */
push(&head, 1);
push(&head, 4);
push(&head, 1);
push(&head, 12);
push(&head, 1);
/* Check the count function */
printf(\"Element at index 3 is %d\", GetNth(head, 3));
getchar();
}
Solution
1
#include
#include
#include
/* Link list node */
struct node
{
int data;
struct node* next;
};
/* Given a reference (pointer to pointer) to the head
of a list and an int, push a new node on the front
of the list. */
void push(struct node** head_ref, int new_data)
{
/* allocate node */
struct node*.
Ques-6 answerThe clinical significance of beta-hemolytic (on blo.pdf
Ques-6: answer:
The clinical significance of beta-hemolytic (on blood agar medium) streptococci isolated from
throat specimen is consequent incidence of rheumatoid fever and acute glomerulonephritis.
Streptococcus pneumoniae (normally present in our body, can be found in the upper respiratory
tract) is an organism that cause upper respiratory tract infections and otitis media. When children
with running nose touch each other, the organism passed through the secretions. This causes
infection in the healthy child, decreased immunity against the bacteria and increased activation
of the flora causes otitis media (a painful ear infection) in children. These respiratory bacteria
produce inflammatory virulent toxins to invade respiratory cells and nutrients finally become
pathogenic to host immune system result in severe respiratory illness.
Throat infections caused by beta-hemolytic streptococcal bacteria may cause \"post-streptococcal
glomerulonephritis\" if left untreated. Therefore, patient needs treatment to treat these symptoms
(antibiotics such as penicillin, corticosteroids and diuretics are to be given). The bacteria causes
inflammation of the blood vessels supplying glomeruli, which impairs the glomerular filtration.
Decreased urine filtration causes edema (swelling of body organs).
Ques-7:
The infection is strep throat and streptococcal bacteria (group B) cause it. These bacteria infect
the upper respiratory tract and causes fever, sore throat, abdominal pain, fatigue, vomiting, body
aches. In a Gram stain of sputum specimen of beta hemolytic streptococci, \"squamous epithelial
cell type\" of body cell provides an indication that the sputum specimen represents material from
an active infection. Other cells are present in the sputum during the active infection are
polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs)
Solution
Ques-6: answer:
The clinical significance of beta-hemolytic (on blood agar medium) streptococci isolated from
throat specimen is consequent incidence of rheumatoid fever and acute glomerulonephritis.
Streptococcus pneumoniae (normally present in our body, can be found in the upper respiratory
tract) is an organism that cause upper respiratory tract infections and otitis media. When children
with running nose touch each other, the organism passed through the secretions. This causes
infection in the healthy child, decreased immunity against the bacteria and increased activation
of the flora causes otitis media (a painful ear infection) in children. These respiratory bacteria
produce inflammatory virulent toxins to invade respiratory cells and nutrients finally become
pathogenic to host immune system result in severe respiratory illness.
Throat infections caused by beta-hemolytic streptococcal bacteria may cause \"post-streptococcal
glomerulonephritis\" if left untreated. Therefore, patient needs treatment to treat these symptoms
(antibiotics such as penicillin, corticosteroids and diuretics are to be given). The bacteria causes
inflammat.
Valence electrons electrons at outer-most energy level.Effective.pdf
Valence electrons : electrons at outer-most energy level.
Effective nuclear charge: net positive charge experienced by an electron in a multi-electron atom.
Atomic radius: distance from the nucleus to the boundary of the surrounding cloud of electrons.
Ionic radius: measure of the size of an atom\'s ion.
Ionization Energy: nergy needed to remove electrons from an atom.
Electron Affinity: the energy change when an electron is added to the neutral atom to form a
negative ion.
Electronegativity: tendency of an atom or a functional group to attract electrons.
Oxidation number (or Oxidation state): hypothetical charge that an atom would have if all bonds
to atoms of different elements were 100% ionic.
Oxidation: Lossing electrons
Reductio: Gaining electrons
Oxidizing agent: Element being Reduced
Reducing agent: Element being Oxidized
Covalent Bond: chemical bonding by shaing of electrons (Non-metal with Non-metal).
Ionic Bond: chemical bonding of non-metal and metal
Compounds: combinations of two or more elements
Octet rule: maximum of 8 electrons (in the valence shell) can be added during a reaction.
Electrolytes: substance that can conduct electricity.
Hydration: chemical reaction when adding water.
Solubility: property of a solid, liquid, or gaseous chemical substance mix with one other to form
a homogeneous solution.
Concentration: abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture.
Dilute: lowering the concentration of a chemical.
Concentrated solution: solution in which much of the water has been removed.
Brønsted acid: proton donor.
Brønsted base: proton acceptor.
Monoprotic acids: donate one proton per molecule during the process of dissociation.
Diprotic acids: donate two protons per molecule during the process of dissociation.
Triprotic acids: donate three protons per molecule during the process of dissociation.
pH: measure of acidity and basic of a solution.
Strong acid: ionizes completely in an aqueous solution by losing one proton.
Weak acids: acid that dissociates incompletely.
Strong base: accept hydrogen ions or more generally or donate electron pairs.
Weak base: does not ionize fully in an aqueous solution
Supersaturated solution: solute > solvent
Saturated solution: solute = solvent
unsaturated solution: solute < solvent
Solution
Valence electrons : electrons at outer-most energy level.
Effective nuclear charge: net positive charge experienced by an electron in a multi-electron atom.
Atomic radius: distance from the nucleus to the boundary of the surrounding cloud of electrons.
Ionic radius: measure of the size of an atom\'s ion.
Ionization Energy: nergy needed to remove electrons from an atom.
Electron Affinity: the energy change when an electron is added to the neutral atom to form a
negative ion.
Electronegativity: tendency of an atom or a functional group to attract electrons.
Oxidation number (or Oxidation state): hypothetical charge that an atom would have if all bonds
to atoms of different elements were 10.
What is storage mediaAns-C. the physical material on which a co.pdf
What is storage media?
Ans-
C. the physical material on which a computer keeps data, instructions, and information
Storage media are devices that store application and user information. Storage media is device on
which data can be electronically places kept and retrieved .The primary storage media for a
computer is usually the internal hard drive.
Solution
What is storage media?
Ans-
C. the physical material on which a computer keeps data, instructions, and information
Storage media are devices that store application and user information. Storage media is device on
which data can be electronically places kept and retrieved .The primary storage media for a
computer is usually the internal hard drive..
Transactional model of communication states that if people are conne.pdf
Transactional model of communication states that if people are connected through
communication, they engage in transaction. It propogates that communication is simultaneous.
5 parts or labels: The first part is the sender and receiver - they are the people involved in the
communication. The 2nd part is the message i.e the information being send/received. The 3rd
part is the channel of communication. The 4th part is the response and the decoding of messages
by the sender/receiver. The 5th part is the feedback.
It is different from the linear model of communication, in the sense that unlike the one way
model in the linear communication, the transactional model is a simultaneous model. Linear
model does not involve any feedback, unlike the transactional model.
Ethics means rules of behavior based on ideas about what is right and wrong. Interpersonal
communication is exchange of information between 2 or more people. The ethical choices
involved here is that one should be humble and polite in conversations. One should not hurt the
other person\'s religious or cultural beliefs.
I grew up in an Asian culture in the Indian subcontinent. My family and my society was
orthodox in thinking. This made me (as well as other people growing up and exposed to this
culture) not much of a risk taker. This was due to the fact that we were made to believe that god
will always help us, whatever happens, happens for good (destiny).
If i had grown in a different culture, i probably would be more of a risk taker.
Adam has perception problems. He does not interpret sensory information correctly. His
cognitive (senses of the mind) powers are not that strong.
He can improve his communication by focusing on proxemics i.e non verbal communication.
He should have a strong body movement (kinesics) for better non verbal communication. It
includes facial expressions, gestures etc.
He should also focus on paralanguage - the tone and pitch of his voice.
Solution
Transactional model of communication states that if people are connected through
communication, they engage in transaction. It propogates that communication is simultaneous.
5 parts or labels: The first part is the sender and receiver - they are the people involved in the
communication. The 2nd part is the message i.e the information being send/received. The 3rd
part is the channel of communication. The 4th part is the response and the decoding of messages
by the sender/receiver. The 5th part is the feedback.
It is different from the linear model of communication, in the sense that unlike the one way
model in the linear communication, the transactional model is a simultaneous model. Linear
model does not involve any feedback, unlike the transactional model.
Ethics means rules of behavior based on ideas about what is right and wrong. Interpersonal
communication is exchange of information between 2 or more people. The ethical choices
involved here is that one should be humble and polite in conversations. One should not hur.
What is the measure of the strength of the relationship between inde.pdf
What is the measure of the strength of the relationship between independent and dependent
variables.
Solution
The pearson correlation coefficient measures the strength of the LINEAR
relationship between two variables. The R-squared values measures the proportion of variation
in the dependent variable that can be explained by the independent (predictor) variables..
Some of the SO32- is oxidized by atmospheric oxygen in air into SO42.pdf
Some of the SO32- is oxidized by atmospheric oxygen in air into SO42-:
2 SO32-(aq) + O2 (g) --> 2 SO42-(aq)
Thus a positive test forSO42-is expected in solutions ofSO32-even when noSO42-has been
placed.
Solution
Some of the SO32- is oxidized by atmospheric oxygen in air into SO42-:
2 SO32-(aq) + O2 (g) --> 2 SO42-(aq)
Thus a positive test forSO42-is expected in solutions ofSO32-even when noSO42-has been
placed..
Should begin with a letter and may contain additional letters and di.pdf
Should begin with a letter and may contain additional letters and digits. Identifiers are the same
as variables.
Use descriptive n Use single letters only for the counter in loops.
Variable names start with lower-case
Multi-word identifiers are internally capitalized
Do not use hyphens or underscores to separate multi-word identifiers.
Need to print extra characters?
What about the unicode set?
This is the format: \\uHHHH
Remember any other escape characters such as \ , \\t and \\\\?
The following lists some of these conventions based on the type of identifier:
Class name
The first letter of each word is capitalized, examples:
Mammal, SeaMammal
Function name
The first letter of each, except the first, word is capitalized, examples:
getAge, setHeight
Variable name
The first letter of each, except the first, word is capitalized, examples:
age, brainSize
Constant names
Every letter is capitalized and underscores are used between words, examples:
MAX_HEIGHT, MAX_AGE
RESERVED WORDS
As you may have noticed, many of Java\'s keywords are borrowed from C/C++. Also, as in
C/C++, keywords are always written in lowercase.
Data declaration keywords (boolean, float, int)
Loop keywords (continue, while, for)
Conditional keywords (if, else, switch)
Exception keywords (try, throw, catch)
Structure keywords (class, extends)
Modifier and access keywords (private, public)
Miscellaneous keywords (true, null)
The following keywords and their use, you SHOULD know.
boolean default for private switch
break double if protected this
case else import public throws
catch extends int return try
char final new static void
class float package super while
VARIABLE SCOPE
Where is it appropriate to declare a variable? Does it make a difference?
PRIMITIVE DATA TYPES
int (16-bit)
float (32-bit)
double (64-bit
boolean (true/false)
char (16-bit unicode)
What about String?
What about Integer, and Double?
OBJECTS
Why object oriented programming?
Objects need to be built, so we need constructors.
Instance variables and the role they play when defining objects.
What about methods of an object?
ARRAYS
int[] array = new int[5]; // one-dimensional array
it may also be declared as:
int[] array = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; // it is initialized and declared at the same time.
Arrays can be of any primitive data type or object. Arrays have an instance variable \"length\"
that we can access to find out how big the array is. Remember that an Array can throw an
IndexOutOfBoundsException. Make use of it to make your code safe.
VECTORS
Must import java.util.*;
Unlike arrays, vectors can only hold objects, no primitive data types are allowed. Vectors can
grow big and unbounded. You may want to specify the capacity of the vector but you dont need
to. The default capacity is 10 and it doubles in size every time the capacity is reached.
Just like arrays have the \"length\" instance variable, Vectors have a .size() method that returns
the current size of the vector.
void .addElement(Object obj)
void .setElementA.
#include iostream #include string #include iomanip #incl.pdf
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::string;
using std::endl;
using std::vector;
static const string colors[] = { \"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"cyan\", \"magenta\", \"yellow\" };
static const int PEGNUM = 4;
static int getRandomValue()
{
static bool first = true;
if (first)
{
first = false;
srand((int)time(0));
}
return(rand());
}
static string easyToLower(string word)
{
transform(word.begin(), word.end(), word.begin(), ::tolower);
return word;
}
inline string trim(string& str) // courtesy of stack overflow
{
str.erase(0, str.find_first_not_of(\' \')); //prefixing spaces
str.erase(str.find_last_not_of(\' \') + 1); //surfixing spaces
return str;
}
static vector setNewCode()
{
vector theCode;
for (int i = 0; i < PEGNUM; i++)
{
theCode.push_back(colors[getRandomValue() % 6]);
}
return theCode;
}
static vector getPlayerGuess()
{
vector words;
string in = \"\", word=\"\";
bool okay = false;
bool quitting = false;
while (!okay)
{
cout << \"Enter your guess (red, green, blue, cyan, magenta, yellow. Enter 4 colors): \ \"< 0)
//get input
{
in = trim(in);
index = in.find_first_of(\" \");
if (index == -1)
{
word = in;
in = \"\";
}
else
word = in.substr(0, index);
words.push_back(word);
in = in.substr(index+1);
if (words.size() == PEGNUM)
{
break;
}
}
okay = true;
for (int i = 0; i < words.size(); i++) // check and standardize inputs
{
words[i] = easyToLower(words[i]);
if (words[i] == \"red\" || words[i] == \"r\")
{
words[i] = colors[0];
//cout << words[i] << endl;
}
else if (words[i] == \"green\" || words[i] == \"g\")
{
words[i] = colors[1];
//cout << words[i] << endl;
}
else if (words[i] == \"blue\" || words[i] == \"b\")
{
words[i] = colors[2];
//cout << words[i] << endl;
}
else if (words[i] == \"cyan\" || words[i] == \"c\")
{
words[i] = colors[3];
//cout << words[i] << endl;
}
else if (words[i] == \"magenta\" || words[i] == \"m\")
{
words[i] = colors[4];
//cout << words[i] << endl;
}
else if (words[i] == \"yellow\" || words[i] == \"y\")
{
words[i] = colors[5];
//cout << words[i] << endl;
}
else if (words[i] == \"quit\")
{
quitting = true;
words.clear();
words.push_back(\"quit\");
return words;
}
else
{
cout << words[i] << \" is an invalid submittion\" << endl;
words.clear();
okay = false;
}
}
if (!okay)
cout << \"Invalid entry. Please try again\ \" << endl;
if (words.size() != PEGNUM) // check if 4 entries
{
cout << \"Must enter 4 colors. Try again\ \" << endl;
words.clear();
okay = false;
}
}
return words;
}
static int setBlackPegs(vector theCode, vector guessCode)
{
int bps = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < PEGNUM; i++)
{
if (theCode[i] == guessCode[i])
bps++;
}
return bps;
}
static int setWhitePegs(vector theCode, vector guessCode, int bps)
{
int RGBCMYnumsTheCode[6];
int RGBCMYnumsGuessCode[6];
int wps=0;
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
{
RGBCMYnumsTheCode[i] = 0;
RGBCMYnumsGuessCode[i] = 0;
}
for (int i = 0; i < PEGNUM; i++)
{
if (theCode[i] == colors[0])
{
RGBCMYnumsTheCode[0]++;
}
else if (theCo.
Prostomes are mollusca, annelids and arthropods while deuterostomes .pdf
Prostomes are mollusca, annelids and arthropods while deuterostomes are echinoderms,
hemichordates and chordates
So correct answer is prostomes and bilaterally symmetrical (D)
Solution
Prostomes are mollusca, annelids and arthropods while deuterostomes are echinoderms,
hemichordates and chordates
So correct answer is prostomes and bilaterally symmetrical (D).
Income Statement of Baker and Co.Services Provided$98000Intere.pdf
Income Statement of Baker and Co.
Services Provided
$98000
Interest($13000*6%*4/12)
$260
Total Income
$98260
Salary Expenses
$34000
Uncollectible Account Expense
$980
Net Income
$63280
Dividend
$2000
Transferred to retained earnings
$61280
Balance Sheet of Baker & Co
Liabilities
Assets
Owners equity
$190000
Accounts Receivables
$13020
Retained Earnings
$61280
Investment(with Interest Accrued)
$13260
Cash
$225000
Total
$251280
Total
$251280
Cash A/c
Owners Equity
$190000
Investment
$13000
Accounts Receivables
$84000
Salary
$34000
Dividend
$2000
Balance
$225000
$274000
$274000
Cash Flow Statement
Cash from Operating Activities
Cash generated from operations
$63280
Less Dividend
$2000
Less Interest income
$260
Less Increase in Accounts Receivables
13020
$48000
Cash From Investing Activities
($13000)
Investments
($13000)
Cash From Financing Activities
Proceeds from Shares Issued
$190000
$190000
Cash and Cash equivalents at the beginning of the year
0
Cash and Cash equivalents at the Ending of the year
$225000
Statement of Changes of Share holders Equity
Share Holders Equity
$190000
Add Retained Earnings
$61280
Share Holders Equity as on 31-12-2010
$251280
Income Statement of Baker and Co.
Services Provided
$98000
Interest($13000*6%*4/12)
$260
Total Income
$98260
Salary Expenses
$34000
Uncollectible Account Expense
$980
Net Income
$63280
Dividend
$2000
Transferred to retained earnings
$61280
Solution
Income Statement of Baker and Co.
Services Provided
$98000
Interest($13000*6%*4/12)
$260
Total Income
$98260
Salary Expenses
$34000
Uncollectible Account Expense
$980
Net Income
$63280
Dividend
$2000
Transferred to retained earnings
$61280
Balance Sheet of Baker & Co
Liabilities
Assets
Owners equity
$190000
Accounts Receivables
$13020
Retained Earnings
$61280
Investment(with Interest Accrued)
$13260
Cash
$225000
Total
$251280
Total
$251280
Cash A/c
Owners Equity
$190000
Investment
$13000
Accounts Receivables
$84000
Salary
$34000
Dividend
$2000
Balance
$225000
$274000
$274000
Cash Flow Statement
Cash from Operating Activities
Cash generated from operations
$63280
Less Dividend
$2000
Less Interest income
$260
Less Increase in Accounts Receivables
13020
$48000
Cash From Investing Activities
($13000)
Investments
($13000)
Cash From Financing Activities
Proceeds from Shares Issued
$190000
$190000
Cash and Cash equivalents at the beginning of the year
0
Cash and Cash equivalents at the Ending of the year
$225000
Statement of Changes of Share holders Equity
Share Holders Equity
$190000
Add Retained Earnings
$61280
Share Holders Equity as on 31-12-2010
$251280
Income Statement of Baker and Co.
Services Provided
$98000
Interest($13000*6%*4/12)
$260
Total Income
$98260
Salary Expenses
$34000
Uncollectible Account Expense
$980
Net Income
$63280
Dividend
$2000
Transferred to retained earnings
$61280.
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Thesis Statement for students diagnonsed withADHD.ppt
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Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
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KCl is salt and having ionic forces between ions.So, its boiling poi.pdf
- 1. KCl is salt and having ionic forces between ions.So, its boiling point is more and ranked first compare to remaining two. CH2O is liquid in solution and its having intermolcular hydrogen bonding.So, its boiling point is more compare to CO2 and ranked second. CO2 is gas at room temperature due to vandarval forces between molecules.So, its boiling point is less compare to remaining two and ranked three. Hence, the decreasing order of boiling points of given molecules is, KCl > CH2O > CO2 Solution KCl is salt and having ionic forces between ions.So, its boiling point is more and ranked first compare to remaining two. CH2O is liquid in solution and its having intermolcular hydrogen bonding.So, its boiling point is more compare to CO2 and ranked second. CO2 is gas at room temperature due to vandarval forces between molecules.So, its boiling point is less compare to remaining two and ranked three. Hence, the decreasing order of boiling points of given molecules is, KCl > CH2O > CO2