The document outlines the agenda and process for a Knowledge Café workshop being conducted by David Gurteen. The key points are: - The workshop will teach participants about Knowledge Cafés and how to run them to encourage creative conversation in their organizations. - It will include an introduction to the basics of Knowledge Cafés in the morning with a sample Café, and more advanced topics in the afternoon. - A Knowledge Café is an open conversation aimed at sharing knowledge and gaining understanding, not decision making. It is facilitated to allow all perspectives to be shared freely.

1. Gurteen Knowledge Café Workshop David Gurteen Gurteen Knowledge Rio de Janeiro August 2008

2. Begin with the end in mind Raise awareness of the role of conversation in your business lives To teach you about Knowledge Cafes and how to run them Encourage you to create more opportunities in your organization for creative conversation

3. Agenda Morning: Basics + Knowledge Cafe Lunch Afternoon: Advanced

4. Basics (morning) 09:00 – 09:15 Introductions (15 mins) 09:15 – 09:45 Business is a Conversation (30 mins) 09:45 – 10:15 Knowledge Café Process (30 mins) 10:15 – 10:45 Coffee (30 mins) 10:45 – 12:00 Run a Knowledge Cafe (75 mins)

5. Advanced (afternoon) 13:00 – 13:15 Review of morning (15 mins) 13:15 – 13:45 More on the process (30 mins) 13:45 – 14:00 Other Formats & Uses (15 mins) 14:00 – 14:15 Coffee (15 mins) 14:15 – 15:00 Café review of the day (45 mins)

6. Introductions

7. David Gurteen Independent KM consultant and facilitator Knowledge Website Knowledge Community/Letter 15,000 people 154 countries Knowledge Café Communities London, New York, Adelaide, Zurich

8. Speed Networking A simple technique that can be used in a variety of settings to bring a group of people together to start to get to know each other or get to know each other a little better

9. How do you Speed Network? Break into pairs Find someone you don’t know Two minutes to chat then move on to another person Tell your partner something unusual about yourself When I blow my whistle once - move on When I blow my whistle twice - its all over!

10. Business is a Conversation

11. Business is a conversation Business is a conversation because the defining work of business is conversation - literally. And 'knowledge workers' are simply those people whose job consists of having interesting conversations. David Weinberger The Cluetrain Manifesto Conversation is central to all that we do Its our job!

12. Conversation is a meeting of minds Conversation is a meeting of minds with different memories and habits. When minds meet, they don't just exchange facts: they transform them, reshape them, draw different implications from them, engage in new trains of thought. Conversation doesn't just reshuffle the cards: it creates new cards. Theodore Zeldin Conversation Theodore in an Oxford Historian Conversation is creative

13. KM is about understanding For all our knowledge, we have no idea what we're talking about. We don't understand what's going on in our business, our market, and our world. KM shouldn’t be about helping us to know more. It should be about helping us to understand. So, how do we understand things? It's through stories that we understand how the world works. David Weinberger, The Cluetrain Manifesto Its about understanding & sense making Through conversation & storytelling

14. Conversation “A mechanistic and unproductive exchange between people seeking to defend their own views against one another” “A frank exchange of ideas or views on a specific issue in an effort to attain mutual understanding” Debate or dialogue?

15. Dialogue When we engage each other in dialogue we enter into a conversation with a view to learn from each other rather than impose our views on the other. The kind of conversation I’m interested in is one in which you start with a willingness to emerge a slightly different person. Theodore Zeldin, Historian

16. Principles of Dialogue Suspend assumptions, do not judge Observe & listen to one another Welcome differences & explore them Allow taboo subjects to be raised safely Listen to your inner voice Slow the discussion Search for the underlying meaning Dialogue is based on the work of the physicist David Bohm

17. Dialogue Suppose we were able to share meanings freely without a compulsive urge to impose our view or conform to those of others and without distortion and self-deception. Would this not constitute a real revolution in culture. David Bohm, Physicist

18. Summary Business is a conversation Conversation is creative Understanding is more important than knowing more Dialogue is the key to quality conversations

19. Conversation/Questions

20. Gurteen Knowledge Café Process

21. Background Coffee Machine talks Chairing conferences My dislike of ‘chalk & talk’ presentations (chicken chicken) My desire for people to engage with the subject and to learn through conversation

22. What is a Knowledge Café? A knowledge café brings a group of people together to have an open, creative conversation on a topic of mutual interest to surface their collective knowledge, to share ideas and to gain a deeper understanding of the issues involved. Ultimately leading to action in the form of better decision making and innovation and thus tangible business outcomes.

23. What are the outcomes? Real outcomes are what you take away in your head A deeper understanding of the issue discussed A deeper insight into other people’s perspectives A better appreciation of your own point of view Better position to make more informed decisions and to take action!

24. What is the history? The term Knowledge Café has been around for the last 7 years or so Only in the last 2 or 3 years has the term come into common use Roots in work of David Bohm, William Isaacs, Juanita Brown Roots in Open Space Technology which goes back to 1989

25. Is it a talking-shop? No its NOT a talking-shop. A talking shop is normally used pejoratively and implies no useful outcome other than the airing of ones own ideas A Knowledge Caf é is different in that everyone leaves enriched by a deeper level of understanding of the subject in question and is often inspired to act

26. Why is the Knowledge Caf é important? The world is a more complex place than it used to be - at times even chaotic - it is not always clear what is going on - we need to take time to UNDERSTAND We do not find the time to have open conversations, we are under pressure to make quick decisions KM for example should not be about creating and sharing ever increasing knowledge but understanding more fully the knowledge that we do have!

27. What does a Knowledge Café do for the individual? The Caf é assumes we have within ourselves a greater level of insight than we are conscious of The Caf é helps tease this out You hear yourself say things in Café conversations that you did not know that you knew It crystallises our knowledge New ideas are sparked Fresh perspectives emerge ... With increased observation and reflection comes understanding – this paves the way for change

28. What resources are needed to run a Knowledge Caf é? Not a lot! A group of people A facilitator or host A room with plenty of space Tables & chairs to seat about five people per table

29. What do you need in the room? Some formats have special requirements such as round tables, paper table cloths, felt tip pens, flowers on the table and coffee & biscuits Gurteen Knowledge Cafés need none of these props but of course you could use them if available Refreshments help Aim is to create a good ambience Unthreatening and hospitable environment

30. How do you run one? Knowledge Cafés can be run in different ways I use a simple format Runs for 90 minutes to a couple of hours Work best with between 25 and 35 people Can run a dozen people or as many as 100 But with some modifications

31. What's the process? Facilitator takes 5 - 15 minutes to introduce the Knowledge Caf é and the theme Purpose of the Knowledge Caf é is made clear Facilitator poses an open ended question Participants form into small groups of 4 or 5 to discuss the subject for 30 - 60 minutes. Change tables 1,2 or 3 times The group re-assembles for an exchange of ideas as a whole for 15 - 30 minutes

32. What subjects are covered? Any subject can be addressed Explore questions that matter to the participants Normally explore only one theme And pose only one question A Knowledge Caf é is not a debating forum It is NOT about decision making

33. What is the role of the facilitator? Facilitator need not be a specialist Nor disciplined in facilitation Simply a good listener and chairperson skills Facilitator should not take a lead in the discussions Should wander around and listen into the groups Should listen out for problems and remind people gently of the rules of ‘dialogue’

34. What’s the role of the individual? Theodore Zeldin : to be prepared to emerge a slightly different person To see people with different views not as adversaries but as resources from which we can learn To enter into open conversation To listen more than speak To welcome differences To withhold judgment To avoid position taking To avoid being too politically correct

35. How do things work within the small groups? Don’t appoint a leader or chairperson Everyone should be equal and fully engaged in the conversation Don’t appoint a note taker either Anyone can make their own notes if they want to People share their perspectives with the group only if they wish to

36. How does the large group sit? Bring everyone back into a relatively tight group so that every one can easily see and hear each other Only use microphones if absolutely necessary as they inhibit the natural flow of the conversation

37. How does the whole group work? Individuals asked to remember that their comments are for the whole group and not for the facilitator. The objective is to hold a ‘group conversation’ The facilitator needs to work at encouraging this Plays a low key role – not the expert Turn away, even hide!

38. How does the facilitator work with the whole group? The group should be doing the work with minimal intervention from the facilitator Facilitator needs to encourage participation Facilitator needs to ensure that no one person or group dominates the discussion Connects diverse perspectives

39. How do you record the outcomes of a Knowledge Café? The Café is fundamentally about the transfer of TACIT knowledge – not about making tacit knowledge explicit but If you record things you should avoid disrupting or influencing the conversation in anyway You could make audio or video recordings but I would advise against it Participants should not be burdened with recording as they need to be fully engaged in the conversation Best to appoint an external person to take notes

40. Conversation/Questions

41. Coffee

42. Lets run a Knowledge Cafe

43. Knowledge Sharing Sharing knowledge is not about giving people something, or getting something from them. That is only valid for information sharing. Sharing knowledge occurs when people are genuinely interested in helping one another develop new capacities for action; it is about creating learning processes. Peter Senge

44. Personal Reasons for Sharing To help other people & to help ourselves Other people To get things done To build relationships so they in turn help us Ourselves To get things done Learning to be gained Knowledge is perishable Someone else will make our knowledge productive first

45. Barriers to Knowledge Sharing A silo mentality Knowledge is power Lack of knowledge sharing processes No time allowed No knowledge sharing by executives Managers do not walk the talk Poor IT systems Lack of encouragement Bureaucracy Resistance to change by managers Karl-Eric Sveiby

46. The Challenge of Knowledge Sharing What prevents us from sharing our knowledge more effectively? How might we overcome these barriers?

47. Café Conversation How do we balance virtual conversations with face to face conversations?

48. Lunch

49. Afternoon Agenda Café process in more depth Uses of the Cafe Discussion circle

50. Café Process in more depth

51. The theme Topic that everyone feels passionate about Complex issues Only ONE question Open ended question

52. The conversation The question is only a seed OK to go off topic Conversation as close to a conversation at the pub or over dinner

53. The speaker/facilitator Speaker and facilitator need not be the same Facilitator: involved/not involved Speakers can be controlling or dominant Often run over time Need to brief and handle carefully

54. The facilitator Important to be yourself Do not control Experiment a little Take some risks Don’t be afraid of silence If you let people talk and leave them alone you cannot go far wrong

55. The venue Need not be a room Boat on Thames Canal Boat (long boat in Amsterdam) Knowledge Walk/BBQ (Greenwich) Pub (Stavanger) Outside under sunshades (Scottsdale) An actual café (London & Barcelona)

56. The room Important Small, cosy Paper/toys on tables Small round tables Good acoustics Lecture theatre?

57. Holding in a lecture theatre Difficult but not impossible Problem of moving between groups Problem of whole group conversation reporting back Need for microphones

58. Using microphones Avoid if possible Will need them if group is larger than 40 Maybe less if poor acoustics People hold on to them Kills the flow of conversation One for yourself and at least 2 roving mikes Avoid fixed mikes (Jakarta)

59. Knowledge circles Greenwich Story KM World Jakarta Workshop Not as difficult as it seems

60. Small group Ask people to sit with others they do not know Change groups once, twice at most 3 times People do not like changing groups Don’t force them! Kuala Lumpur story

61. Whole group Where you need facilitation skills People will report back out of habit Or ask you questions In some cultures best to let them Even for some groups let them Central bank librarians story Unless in expert mode do not join in too much Tolerate silence – pause and wait

62. Culture I have run the Cafes in many different countries UK, Spain, Norway, Moscow USA Singapore Hong Kong Kuala Lumpur Thailand Australia UAE

63. Cultural issues Jakarta Open Café Workshop Kuala Lumpur Won’t change tables Won’t go for coffee Bangkok Flee, video Dubai Report back Scottsdale Intense group Hong Kong Iranians

64. Language issues Ideally one common language Let people speak in their own language in small groups Can’t listen in! Common language (English) in whole group Even own language in whole group Use of translators Serial or concurrent

65. Listening in If expert mode then join in If facilitation mode then try not to Wander around and actively listen Observe for issues Watch, think, be prepared to adapt

66. Wrap up No need to summarise at length Keep it short and simple Thank people

67. Conversation/Questions

68. Other Café Formats

69. Other Conversational Tools Gurteen Knowledge Café Traditional Knowledge Café Flip charts, capture, report back etc Conferences Speak, conversation, Q&A Reverse Café Conversation Dinner World Cafe Open Space Anecdote Circles Appreciative Inquiry

70. How is the Cafe different from Open Space Technology? Process is more complex Used other than to gain mutual understanding e.g. problem solving and defining agendas Meetings tend to be larger often 100s of people compared to dozens for the Café Meetings tend to last longer often days rather than hours

71. Uses of the Cafe

72. When would a Knowledge Café be run? Surface and share knowledge Surface problems & opportunities Get networking going Gain new perspectives Gain new ideas Help form a team or community Gain insight into a complex problem Better understand an issue Obtain buy-in for a new project

73. Where is it used? I use it in public forums such as conferences and within companies to explore complex issues The Royal Society for the Arts uses a form of Knowledge Cafe in conjunction with Starbucks in the UK to discuss social issues relevant to the societies aims Many organizations quietly use it especially in SE Asia.

74. ISN Knowledge Café The knowledge café has led to a dramatic improvement in terms of inter-team dialog, collaboration and knowledge sharing. Many internal work processes are now being overhauled for the better as a result of these knowledge cafes and we have seen an explosion of new ideas and initiatives on the part of staff at all levels of the organization. Simply put, the knowledge cafe format has empowered all our staff to speak up and take the initiative in ensuring the successful development of the ISN. Chris Pallaris, Chief Editor ISN, Zurich

75. Café for a UK government body Day long workshop 3 presentations on social tools A knowledge Café Future leaders in the group Future leaders determine an action plan

76. Canal Boat Café On canals in Amsterdam At end of week of workshops & visits To help summarise the week And develop plan for action

77. Trinidad & Tobago Oil and Gas Expert talks

78. StatoilHydro Series of Cafes to bring experts who were leaving together with younger members of organization to transfer knowledge In a café on an allotment (Brita) Geophysicists Discussion of preferred technologies Exchange views on experiences (Run by Monica Haga) Management Training But not called a Knowledge Cafe

79. Conversation/Questions

80. Coffee

81. Conversation How could Knowledge Cafes and similar conversational techniques be used for good purpose within your organisation?

82. Where can I learn more about Knowledge Cafés? There are a lot of resources on the web My website contains a vast amount of material www.gurteen.com The World Café Book The World Café: Shaping our futures through conversations that matter Website : theworldcafe.com The Society for Philosophical Inquiry philosopher.org

83. Summary Business is a conversation Dialogue not debate Knowledge Café: simple process But a lot to learn to run them well Powerful learning & creativity tool Can be adapted to varying situations Low cost to run

84. Thank you!

85. www.gurteen.com David Gurteen Gurteen Knowledge Tel: +44 1252 812 878 Email: david.gurteen@gurteen.com

86. Licence You may use these slides under the following Creative Commons Licence Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/uk/