This document provides an overview of key concepts related to Voice over IP (VoIP) technology. It defines common VoIP terms and standards, describes how VoIP works by breaking analog voice signals into digital packets, and outlines typical system elements like softswitches, terminals, and gateways. It also discusses media standards, signaling protocols, quality of service measures, fax transmission methods, and various Patton Electronics VoIP products.

1. VoIP

2. Key terms about VoIP
 H.323
 SIP
 CODECs

G.711

G.729

G.723
 FXS and FXO
 Gateway
 T.38 FAX
These are what
everyone talks about

3. What is VoIP…the technology
Analog or
Digital voice
circuit
VoIP
Gateway
IP Packets with Voice Samples
VoIP
Gateway
Analog or
Digital voice
circuit
IP Network
Internet
• Voice over IP (VoIP) samples 10 – 60ms of voice with an
Analog-to-Digital conversion process (CODEC). This is similar
to the way the phone company does it today with PCM (Voice
over T1/E1).
• These samples are placed into an IP packet and sent over the
network.
• A far-end device reassembles the voice stream on the other
side.

4. Typical VoIP System Elements
Softswitch
• Gatekeeper
• Call-Manager
• Softswitch
• Network-Server
• Client Registration
• Authentication
• Status
• Number Mapping
• Accounting
Terminals
PSTN
IP Phone
IP Network
Gateways
• PSTN, ISDN
• V5, SS7
Multimedia PC
• User Interaction
• Dial-tone, Ringtone, etc
• Registers with Call Control
• Media Conversion
• Network Interworking
• Signaling Conversion
• Media Conversion
• Packetization and reassembly
• ISDN, PSTN, V 5.2, SS7

5. VoIP Technology: Media Standards
Various CODECs are used for voice compression:
Codec
Codec
Rate
[kb/s]
IP BW/Call
one way
[kb/s]
Packet
Length
[ms]
G.711
64
96
10/20
Toll quality, full rate, lowest delay
G.726
16 - 40
32 - 56
20
Free: good compromise
G.729
8
24
20
Licensed: best compromise
G.723 @ 6.3
6.3
17
30
Licensed: low bandwidth
GSM-EFR
12.2
-
Comments
For Reference: mobile phones
Recommend G.711 if no bandwidth limitations apply!
 Toll Quality
 Low Delay
 Best all around!

6. Fax over IP: watch out for this
1) Fax Relay, T.38
2) Fax Bypass, G.711
The Fax tones are terminated in the
gateway, relayed in packet form and
re-modulated at the far end.
+ Uses less bandwidth
+ Is reliability(offers redundancy)
- Is less interoperable
The Fax is carried in a G.711 voice
channel just like a regular phone call.
T.30 Fax
A/D
+ Is interoperability with any gateway
- Uses more bandwidth
- Is less reliability
Fax-Relay, T.38 packets
IP
Fax Bypass, T.30 Fax over G.711, 96Kb
D/A
T.30 Fax

7. Signalling Standards Snapshot
 Signaling protocols defines how VoIP equipment communicate to actually
set-up, establish and release telephone calls over IP networks. For
example – Ring, Talk and Hang-up.
 H.323
 The oldest and most widely supported call control protocol.


Current Version is v4 (we support it now!)
Is actively enhanced by the international standards community
 Offers the most interoperability between 3rd party equipment.
 Business focused
 SIP
 The newest of the call control protocols


IETF (Internet based); looks like html; most extendable
Messaging for all types of user devices (phones, PC, GSM)
 Carrier/CLEC focus
 We support it today!
 MGCP
 Oriented towards softswitch carrier architectures

Focuses on the central site over CPE
 Supported in SmartNodes today!

8. VoIP Terms Defined (1)
 Softswitch
Call control and route server in a VoIP network providing user AAA
services and intra-network call switching. This is Independent of the VoIP
protocol (H.323, MGCP, SIP).
 Gatekeeper (GK)
H.323 specific term. The GK is responsible for the management of the
users (clients) and gateways in his H.323 area (zone). Implemented as
software on a server or integrated as a function in a Gateway.
 Gateway (GW) (This is what SmartNodes do!)
Signaling or Media-Gateway (may be combined in one equipment)
provides conversion between different networks-protocols or technologies.
 H.323 Client
Terminal in an H.323 network. IP-Phone or Soft-Phone (e.g. NetMeeting).
 AAA
User Authentication, Authorization, Accounting. Required functions for a
commercial VoIP Service. Carrier centric and provided by Gatekeeper.

9. VoIP Terms Defined (2)
 RAS
Registration Authentication Status: H.323 Sub-protocol used to register “log-in” an
H.323 Gateway or Client at the Gatekeeper
 SIP User Agent
SIP Equipment or software representing an end-user. The user agent includes a a
SIP client (to initiate calls) and SIP server (to terminate calls). This is “inside” a
SmartNode gateway.
 SIP Network Server
SIP Equipment or software in the network required to register and localize User
Agents and their end-users. A SIP Network Server can operate in redirect or proxy
mode. This is a server box routing calls.

10. Telephony Terms
THESE YOU HAVE TO KNOW!
BRI, S0, S/T
2 B + 1 D channel > 2 voice connections
E1, PRI, S2m 30 B + 1 D channel > 30 voice connections
T1, PRI
23 B + 1 D channel > 23 voice connections
FXS
“phone jack”, 2-wire POTS interface
FXO
“line jack”, 2-wire POTS interface
ISDN
Switch
4-wires
4-wires
IP
BRI/PRI
NT
TE
NT TE
POTS
Switch
2-wires
2-wires
IP
FXS
FXO
FXS FXO

11. Building Blocks for QoS (2)
For Example: Traffic Shaping
 A Shaper can limit a Traffic Class to a defined bandwidth
 Frees Bandwidth for real-time (voice) traffic without packet loss
 Improves the Performance of interactive Applications
 Very usefull for short connections e.g Web requests
Bandwidth
max
Bandwidth
max
voice
unused
voice
unused
WWW
Data Burst
Web-Page
SH
Data Burst
Data Burst
Web-Page
Web-Page
t
t

12. Smart combination of QoS and VoIP
The integration of QoS Router and VoIP Gateway makes things
much easier
• Traffic Classes are defined at network interfaces
• No tagging necessary for point-to-point links
• Optimal bandwidth usage and control
Classification
Marking
Conditioning
GW
LAN
GW
Q
Q
WAN Link
LAN

13. Products

14. Patton VoIP products
Multiport FXS VoIP GWs
SmartNode 4900 Series
SIP Phones
SmartLink 4050
Modular VoIP Routers
SIP ATAs
SmartLink
4020 Series
SIP IP PBX
SmartNode 2000 Series
SmartLink 4520
Up to 200 Extensions
Voice Mail, voice to e-mail
Web Configured
Multiport FXS/FXO
VoIP Gateways
SmartNode 4110 Series
Multiport FXS/FXO
VoIP Routers
Multiport ISDN
VoIP Routers
SmartNode 4520 Series
SmartNode 1000 Series
Multiport FXS/FXO
SyncSerial VoIP IADs
SmartNode 4830 Series
SOHO ISDN
VoIP Router
SmartNode 4552 Series

15. New Products: SmartNode™ 4110 Series
FXS/FXO ToIP Media-Gateway
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
SN4112, SN4114, SN4116, SN4118
2-8 port analog VoIP Gateway
2/4/6/8 2-wire FXS ports
2/4 2-wire FXO ports
10/100bTx Ethernet LAN connection
Console Port: RS-232 RJ45
QoS support
• TOS, DiffServ
• 802.1p
PPPoE client, DHCP client
Memory 32MB SDRAM / 4MB Flash
Integrated or external universal power
supplies
• 100-240 VAC (50/60 Hz)
Desktop Chassis
CE mark, EN 60950
When to use...
Use the SN4100 series to
integrate analog terminals –
phones and PBXs – in to VoIP
networks

16. SmartNode™ 4520 Series
Dual Ethernet ToIP Router-Gateway
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
SN4112, SN4114, SN4116, SN4118
2-8 port analog VoIP Gateway
2/4/6/8 2-wire FXS ports
2/4 2-wire FXO ports
Dual 10/100bTx Ethernet LAN/WAN
Console Port: RS-232 RJ45
Full QoS support
• TOS, DiffServ, 802.1p
• Traffic Management
Full featured IP-Router
• NAT/PAT, PPPoE, DHCP, ACL,
QoS
Memory 32MB SDRAM / 4MB Flash
Integrated or external universal power
supply
• 100-240 VAC (50/60 Hz)
Desktop Chassis
CE mark, EN 60950
When to use...
Use the SN4500 Series as an
CPE Access Gateway for analog
voice and data on any
broadband access; Cable, DSL
or WLL

17. NEW: SmartNode™ 4552
The SmartNode™ 4552 is a Voice over IP CPE for ISDN BRI/So users. It
combines a feature rich Broadband Access Router with advanced Quality of
Service features and high-quality VoIP for ISDN Terminals.
10/100 Ethernet WAN
For universal connectivity to
DSL, Cable, WLL or Fiber
uplinks
4 port Ethernet Switch
10/100bTX For SOHO LAN
connectivity. Connect PC,
Printer, WiFi Bridge without
extra hub or switch
2 ISDN BRI/So ports
Insert the Gateway between
your installed ISDN Terminals
and the ISDN NT for simple
installation and universal call
routing
Life-Line Bypass
A bypass Relay connects the
local ISDN port directly to the
fallback line in case of power
failures.

18. SmartNode™ 1200 / 4552 Typical Installation
Example of an Installation with a DSL Access
ISDN Fallback
ISDN NT
ISDN S/T
ADSL Annex B
VoIP Access
Copper
Splitter
DSL Modem
Ethernet
10bT
Internet Access

19. SmartNode™ 1400
Integrated Broadband Access Router
and VoIP Gateway
• 4-Channel VoIP Gateway
• 2 ISDN BRI NT/TE configurable
• Lifeline: Bypass switch between BRI
Ports
• LAN/WAN: 2 x 10bT Ethernet
• Console Port: RS-232 RJ45
• Full featured 10 Mb/s Broadband Access
Router
• NAT/PAT, ACL/FW, PPPoE, DHCP,
QoS
• CPU Motorola MPC850 @ 50 MHz
• Memory 16MB SDRAM / 4MB Flash
• Integrated universal power supply
• 100-240 VAC (50/60 Hz)
• Desktop and Wall-mount Chassis
• CE mark, EN 60950
• Optional Line Power with PM-BRI-ext
When to use...
Use the SN1400 for dual ISDN
BRI PBX networking or LAN
gateway. Stack for n x BRI.

20. SmartNode™ 1400/4634 Typical Installation
Example of an Installation for PBX Networking with 4
simultaneous VoIP calls
Site A
Site B
PSTN
2 x ISDN S/T
Data Network
DSL Modem
VoIP Network

21. SmartNode™ 2300
Modular Serial/Ethernet Access
Router and VoIP Gateway











•
•
Up to 60 VoIP channels (2xPRI)
10/100bT LAN
10bT WAN or DMZ
X.21/V.35 Serial WAN port
3 PMC Expansion slots
ISDN PRI, BRI and FXS ports with respective
Interface Cards
Full featured 10Mb/s Wire speed routing
 NAT/PAT, ACL/FW, DHCP, PPP, FR,
QoS
CPU Motorola MPC860 @ 50 MHz
Memory 16MB SDRAM / 8MB Flash
Internal power supply: 100-240 VAC (50/60
Hz)
When to use...
19” 1HU Desktop or Rackmount chassis
Use the SN2300 with up to 60
CE mark, EN 60950
Optional Line Power with PM-40V-int
VoIP channels as enterprise
CPE or PBX networking
gateway

22. SmartNode™ 2300 Interfaces
ETH 0/1
Ethernet
10/100bTX
LAN
Voice Access
3 Interface Card Slots
• PMC Format
• PCI (packet) interface
• PCM (circuit) interface
ETH 0/0
Ethernet
10baseT
WAN or DMZ
Data Access
Serial 0/0
X.21, V.35
WAN port for
PPP, FR
Router
Console: RS232, RJ45

23. SmartNode™ 2400
Modular Ethernet Access Router and
VoIP Gateway
 Up to 120 VoIP channels (4xPRI)
 Dual 10/100bT LAN/WAN
 Full featured 100Mb/s Wire speed routing
 NAT/PAT, ACL/FW, DHCP, PPPoE
 CPU Motorola MPC750 @ 333 MHz
 Memory 32MB SDRAM (upgradable) /
8MB Flash
 19” 1HU desktop or rack-mount aluchassis
 Internal power supply: 100-240 VAC
(50/60 Hz)
• CE mark, EN 60950
• Optional Line Power available with power
module: PM-BRI-ext
When to use...
Use the SN2400 with up to 4 ICE1V/T1V and 120 VoIP
channels as CO gateway

24. SmartNode™ 2400 Interfaces
ETH 0/0 and 0/1
FastEthernet
10/100bTX
LAN or WAN
4 Interface Card Slots
• PMC Format
• PCI (packet) interface
• PCM (circuit) interface
Console: RS232, RJ45

25. SmartNode™ Interface Card IC-E1V
ISDN Primary Rate interface
Card for SmartNode 2000
Series
 30-channel VoIP Gateway Card
 1 ISDN PRI E1, S2m port
 NT or TE configurable
 Full Codec and Fax over IP support
 G.711, G.726, G.729, G.723
 T.38 Fax-Relay
 G.711 Fax-Bypass
 Echo Cancellation, DTMF Relay
 PMC standard form factor
 No E1 data on this card
When to use...
Use the IC-E1V for PBX
networking in a CPE or as
concentrator port in the CO
gateway.
Use up to 2 in 2300 and 4 in
2400

26. SmartNode™ Interface Card IC-T1V
ISDN Primary Rate interface Card for
SmartNode 2000 Series
 24-channel VoIP Gateway Card
 1 ISDN PRI port
 NT or TE configurable
 Full Codec and Fax over IP support
 G.711, G.726, G.729, G.723
 T.38 Fax-Relay
 G.711 Fax-Bypass
 Echo Cancellation, DTMF Relay
 PMC standard form factor
 Signaling ISDN NI-2
When to use...
Use the IC-T1V for PBX
networking in a CPE or as
concentrator port in the CO
gateway.
Use up to 2 in 2300 and 4 in
2400

27. SmartNode™ Interface Card IC-4BRV-8V
4 Port ISDN Basic Rate interface
Card for SmartNode 2000 Series
 8-channel VoIP Gateway Card
 4 ISDN BRI, So, S/T ports
 configurable NT/TE
• Configurable pt-pt / pt-mpt
 Full Codec and FoIP support
 G.711, G.726, G.729, G.723
 T.38 Fax-Relay
 G.711 Fax-Bypass
 Echo Cancellation, DTMF Relay
 PMC standard form factor
 Optional Line Power with PM-48V-int
When to use...
Use the IC-4BRV-8V ISDN BRI
PBX networking with call routing
and local PSTN breakout.

28. SmartNode™ Interface Card IC-4FXS
4 Port FXS Interface Card for
SmartNode 2000 Series
 4-channel VoIP Gateway Card
 4 Euro POTS ports
 2-wire FXS loopstart
 Full Codec and FoIP support
 G.711, G.726, G.729, G.723
 T.38 Fax-Relay
 G.711 Fax-Bypass
 Echo Cancellation, DTMF Relay
 PMC standard form factor
 Requires power module PM-48V-int to be
installed inside 2300 or 2400 for line and
ring power
When to use...
Use the IC-4FXS for analog
phones or PBX systems at the
CPE

29. SmartNode™ 4960
It is not modular!
1E1
4E1
VoIP license from 15 to 120 channels
PROMOTION UNTIL END OF OCTOBER:
You pay one and we give two

30. VoIP Applications
IP Telephony in the LAN
Enterprise networking with VoIP
Multi-Service Carrier Access

31. Applications in the Provider Market
 Multi-Service Broadband Access
Internet
Services
Voice
Services
 Bind Customers through Service
Differentiation
Application
Services
PSTN
 Bind Customers with Bundled Services
 Cut Operation Costs through Converged
Service Delivery
Provider Backbone
PowerLine
BB Access
WLL
xDSL
CATV
Leased Lines
SmartNode
Customer Premises
Gateways
Customer Networks

32. Applications in Enterprise Networks
Global Enterprise Communications
• Cut WAN costs in office to office communication
• Long distance and international toll bypass
• Telephony integration of Home Offices
• Telephony integration of remote branches
PSTN
SmartNode
SmartNode
IP Network
Internet
Ethernet LAN
Branch Office
Main Office
PBX
Extensions

33. PBX Networking Installation (1)
Site B
Site A
2 x BRI
PBX
2 x BRI
TVA
PSTN
4 x BRI
4 x BRI
X.21
X.21
leased line
Equipment
• SmartNode 2300 with 2 x IC-4BRV
• SmartNode is used as Gateway, Router and Switch
• 100bT LAN
• Serial WAN
100bTX

34. PBX Networking Installation (2)
SN4528
SN4114
IP/WAN/VPN
WWW
8-lines
4-lines
SN4526
6-lines
Customer Benefits
• Interoffice Toll Bypass based on legacy PBX installation
• Telephony, Internet Access and VPN with a single device

35. PLAR – Private Line / Hot line
IP/WAN/VPN
WWW
SN4114
SN4114
Customer Benefits
• Toll free hotline service over existing Data network Infrastructure
• Connectivity on any IP network

36. Enterprise Home Office PBX Extension
Main Office
PSTN
5 xBRI
BRI
PBX
Home Office
2 xBRI
SN1200
Public Gateway
SN1400
Gatekeeper
BRI
LAN
Router
NAT
Firewall
Modem
Internet
Modem

37. Enterprise Opportunity Analysis
Check if it is a SmartNode Opportunity?
Condition
Multiple PBXs at different sites
Remote
Offices without
PBX
Home Office
Access to
central PBX
Requirement
The sites are already connected to the Internet with sufficient bandwidth (50 to 100k per voice connection), or a
connection can be established easily. (e.g. Leased Lines, DSL, Cable Modem, Laserlink, WiFi etc.)
Environment
The PBXs are not networked. Calls
between sites go through the PSTN
The PBXs are already
networked using QSIG
SmartNode Solution: toll
bypass over IP. Save on
the monthly telefone bill.
SmartNode Solution:
QSIG networking over
IP. Save the cost of
dedicated leased lines.
Solution
SmartNode Solution :
remote sites are served
as IP extensions of the
central PBX.