Electric vehicles (EVs) are increasingly popular due to their environmental benefits and potential cost savings over time, although they may carry higher initial costs. The document outlines the history, types, advantages, and challenges of EVs, highlighting a predicted significant shift towards electric vehicles in the coming decades. With advancements in technology and government incentives, the future of EVs appears promising, despite current limitations such as charging infrastructure and battery life.

1. CONTENTS:
• Overview
• History
• Types of electric vehicles
• Why there is a pull for electric vehicles?
• How does electric vehicles work?
• Advantages of electric vehicles
• Arguments against electric vehicles
• Incentives to buy electric vehicles
• Future of electric vehicles
• Conclusion

2. OVERVIEW OF
ELECTRIC VEHICLES (EVS)
1. Electric vehicles (EVs) are a “hot item” in the auto world, with many
auto manufacturers offering at least one model. Improved versions are
on the near horizon, too, for good reason. Electric vehicles provide
environmental advantages and, even though they may carry a higher
price tag initially, tax credits and lower operating costs often balance
out the initial investment.
2. Electric vehicles are powered by electricity rather than any fuel which
means that they does not produce any carbon emission

3. 3. Carbon contributes to the greenhouse effect and is known as the “Most important
long-lived forcing of climate change”
4. The Greenhouse Effect is when the atmosphere dioxide traps heat which leads to
an increase in the temperature of the surface

4. Indian and Global Co2 emission
Global Co2 emission by year 2018 Indian Co2 emission by year 2018

5. Here we rank the top 20 highest emitters
of annual carbon dioxide in 2018
(the most recent available data)
In India, it is the third most Co2
emitting sector , and within the
transport sector , road transport
contributed more than 90% of the
total Co2 emissions (IEA , 2020;
Ministry of environment forest and
climate change , 2018)

6. HISTORY OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES
• In 1828, the Hungarian priest and physicist Anyos Jedlik
invented an early type of electric motor , and created a
small model car powered by his new motor.

7. Between 1832 and 1839, Scottish inventor Robert
Anderson also invented a crude electric carriage.

8. In 1835, Professor Sibrandus Stratingh of Groningen, the Netherland and his
assistant Chirstopher Becker from Germany also created a small-scale electric
car, powered by no-reachargeable primary cells.

9. TYPES OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES
1. BATTERY ELECTRIC VEHICLE :
• Battery Electric vehicle (BEV) that exclusively uses chemical energy stored in rechargeable
battery packs, with no secondary source of propulsion (e.g. hydrogen fuel cell, internal
combustion engine, etc.).
• Battery electric vehicle store electricity onboard with high capacity battery
packs
• Their battery power is used to run the electric motor and all onboard
electronics
• Electric vehicles( EV) charges are classified according to the speed with which
they recharge an EV’s battery.

10. 2. PLUG-IN HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES
• A plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) is a hybrid electric
vehicle whose battery can be recharged by plugging a charging
cable into an external electric power source, in addition to
internally by its on-board internal combustion engine powered
generator.
• A plug-in hybrid won’t tap into your gas tank until the battery
runs out of power. Instead of electric motor and the engine
working together at the same time, a plug-in hybrid uses its engine
as a backup plan

11. 3.HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES
• Hybrid electric vehicles have an electric battery and a combustion
engine . The electric battery is charged using the combustion engine.
• Modern HEV’s make use of efficiency-improving technologies such
as regenerative brakes which convert the vehicle’s kinetic energy to
electric energy, which stored in battery or supercapacitor.
• Many HEV’s reduce idle emissions by shutting down the engine at
idle and restarting it when needed; this is known as a start-stop
system.

12. Why there is a pull for
electric vehicles?
• The coming decade is expected to be the
decade of the fully electric. With battery
prices reportedly falling 73% since 2010,
electric cars are expected to be as cheap as
fuel-powered cars in the foreseeable
future.
• Currently cars and trucks add up to 25%
of the world carbon dioxide emission.
• With the limited amount of petroleum gas
price are always going to rise.
• There are greater awareness about the
effect of carbon dioxide in todays society.

13. • The world leaders is trying to reduce the carbon dioxide
emission by half by 2030
• By 2025 20% of all new cars, bikes and large trucks sold globally
will be electric, according to the latest forecast by the investment
bank UBS. That will leap to 40% by 2030, and by 2040 virtually
every new vehicles sold globally will be electric.

14. FUTURE STATISTICS OF ELECTRIC
VEHICLES GOWTH

15. HOW DOES ELECTRIC VEHICLE WORK
• Electric vehicles can work by replacing a combustion engine with an electric
motor.
• Electric cars function by plugging into a charge point and taking electricity
from grid.
• They store the electricity in rechargeable batteries that power an electric
motor, which turns the wheels.
• Electric cars accelerate faster than vehicles with traditional fuel engines – so
they feel lighter to drive.

16. BLOCK DAIGRAM OF ELECTRIC
VEHICLE

17. ADAVANTAGES OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES
• An electric car can be a great way for you, as a
consumer, to save a lot of money on gas. However,
there are so many different reasons why you should
invest in an electric vehicles in the modern-day
technology.

18. 01. NO GAS
REQUIRED
Electric vehicles are entirely
charged by the electricity you
provide, meaning you don’t need
to buy any gas ever again. Driving
fuel-based vehicles can burn a
hole in your pocket as prices of
fuel have gone all-time high.

19. 02. MORE
CONVENIENT
The electric vehicle is easy to
recharge, and the best part is you
will no longer need to run to the
fuel station to recharge your vehicle
before hitting the road! Even a
normal household socket could be
used for charging an electric
vehicles.

20. 03. SAVINGS
These vehicles can be fuelled for
very low prices, and many new
electric vehicles will offer great
incentives for you to get money
back from the government for
going green. Electric vehicles can
also be great way to save money in
your own life.

21. 04. No emissions
05. Popularity
06. Safe to drive
07. Cost-effective
08. Low maintenance
09. Reduced noise pollution
10. Battery life & cost
11. Easy driving

22. ARGUMENTS/DISADVANTAGES AGAINST
ELECTRIC VEHICLES
• Electric vehicles are too expensive
• Electric bill go up
• Range of cars is too short
• Some of the purpose technologies is not realistic
• Electric fueling stations are still in a development stage
• Frequent changing of battery is required
• Electric vehicles require long charging time

24. CONCLUSION
• Electrical vehicles are definitely more environmentally friendly
than internal combustion vehicles. Batteries are being engineered
to have a long life. When the electric vehicles become more
widespread, battery recycling will became economically possible.
• Research into other energy sources such as fuel cells and
renewable fuels make the future look brighter for the electric
vehicles.