The document provides an overview of the development of early Christianity and debates around Jesus' message, or "good news." It discusses how scholars have different views on defining the "good news" and outlines some of the major topics and figures in early Christian history, including Paul, the Church Fathers, heresies, and ecumenical councils. The development of orthodox Christian doctrines involved addressing Christology and the relationship between Jesus, God, and humanity.
Dr. John Oakes taught on Calvinism–its history, basic theology and reasons to reject its basic tenets–in Manila Jan 23, 2016. The notes and power point are included.
http://evidenceforchristianity.org/answering-calvinism/
Dr. John Oakes taught a six-week class on World Religions on six consecutive Saturdays beginning on 2/23 9:00-11:00. See below for suggested reading and schedule.
This is a slide made by an eleventh grader for her Comparative Religion class. It is about the teachings, influence, history, philosophy, salvation, sociology, theology and more.
Bible Alive Jesus Christ 010: “The Implicit Christology of Jesus”BibleAlive
Why didn’t Jesus explicitly state he was God the Son and what does this mean? Learn about the battle between exegetes and systematic theology. What is the difference between explicit and implicit Christologies? Learn why each of the Gospels center on the identity of Jesus and answers “Who is this man?” in its own way. See how the transcendent identity of Jesus is revealed primarily in the way he speaks and acts in his Father’s stead and in the way he relates to his Father.
Introduction to World Religions: Judaism.
Click on the link below for a Power Point presentation by R. D. Baker (Phoenix,
AZ) and Ryan Cartwright (Edmonton, Alberta). This is a general introduction
to a course on world religions, followed by the body of the class, which is
on the background of Judaism.
This is a study of The Apostle's Creed in slide presentation format. Here at San Antonio Abad Parish, we try to study and explain the Apostles' Creed in relation to our Catholic Faith in the best manner we can. The Apostles' Creed is a concrete representation of our belief in Our Lord Jesus Christ as the Son of God who came down from heaven, suffered and died so we may all be saved.
Dr. John Oakes taught on Calvinism–its history, basic theology and reasons to reject its basic tenets–in Manila Jan 23, 2016. The notes and power point are included.
http://evidenceforchristianity.org/answering-calvinism/
Dr. John Oakes taught a six-week class on World Religions on six consecutive Saturdays beginning on 2/23 9:00-11:00. See below for suggested reading and schedule.
This is a slide made by an eleventh grader for her Comparative Religion class. It is about the teachings, influence, history, philosophy, salvation, sociology, theology and more.
Bible Alive Jesus Christ 010: “The Implicit Christology of Jesus”BibleAlive
Why didn’t Jesus explicitly state he was God the Son and what does this mean? Learn about the battle between exegetes and systematic theology. What is the difference between explicit and implicit Christologies? Learn why each of the Gospels center on the identity of Jesus and answers “Who is this man?” in its own way. See how the transcendent identity of Jesus is revealed primarily in the way he speaks and acts in his Father’s stead and in the way he relates to his Father.
Introduction to World Religions: Judaism.
Click on the link below for a Power Point presentation by R. D. Baker (Phoenix,
AZ) and Ryan Cartwright (Edmonton, Alberta). This is a general introduction
to a course on world religions, followed by the body of the class, which is
on the background of Judaism.
This is a study of The Apostle's Creed in slide presentation format. Here at San Antonio Abad Parish, we try to study and explain the Apostles' Creed in relation to our Catholic Faith in the best manner we can. The Apostles' Creed is a concrete representation of our belief in Our Lord Jesus Christ as the Son of God who came down from heaven, suffered and died so we may all be saved.
One of the first PowerPoints that I made when teaching theology. It is crazy. It has animations, links to further slides, and terrible graphics. But it is fun share and does give an accurate view of the history of Christianity. (Although the animations and links don't work in this slideshare.)
Basic overview of introductory apologetics: (1) Can we prove God's existence? (2) Is the Bible reliable? (3) Was Jesus God or a good guy? [additional references found in "notes" section of each slide]
John Oakes and Robert Carrillo are team teaching a class on the history of Christianity for the staff of the San Diego Church of Christ over the next couple of months. The notes and power point for the class are available here. John Oakes has a book on the topic “The Christian Story: Finding the Church in Church History” available at www.ipibooks.com
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
2. What was the good news of Jesus? eu'agge/lion An Easy Question?
3. Actually, it was not an easy question! Scholars of all stripes debate what it was. However, the question allows me to explain the etymology: Greek = eu'agge/lion which translated into Latin = evangelium both of which mean good news or good telling When the Bible was translated into English, the word was god spell (good story) in Anglo-Saxon, from which we get gospel . . . . Good News
8. Zealots Sadducees Pharisees Essenes Jesus Movement others Pauline Christians Gnostics 4 30 33 Birth of John the Crucifixion 50's 100's 200 Jesus Baptist Paul's Gnosis Missions "catholic" The Development of Christianity From Jesus Thru the 2nd Century Ebionites Fathers Heresies Councils Doctrines Jewish-Christians Greek
9. Those Greeks Again and Again A revised form of Platonism was founded by Plotinus (204-270 CE) This philosophy became known as Neo-Platonism . Plotinus showed how the "one becomes many" by postulating a hierarchy of divinity in three hypostases : 1. The One Ultimate Being emanates a lower being without any loss of it's own essence; 2. This divine Being is Nous or Mind , which in turn emanates the third Being in this trinity; 3. The lowest divine Being is Psykhe or Soul . All the many corporeal things are part of Soul and seek to return to the One.
10. The world in thus an instantiation of God. All "souls" were once in communion with the One, but estrangement by the fall into materiality has separated them. This philosophy was used by both the Gnostics and the Christian Fathers in order to put a philosophical basis to the developing complex Christian doctrines. The most notable Christians were the Cappadocian Fathers, St. Augustine, Boethius, Eriugena and St. Thomas Aquinas One = Supreme Good; Mind = Logos of the One; Soul = Animating principle Those Greeks Again - cont.
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16. Heresies arose in the evolving orthodox church through the centuries and each one was eventually declared, by the winning side, to be non-orthodox. Most disappeared completely, but several continued underground or re-emerged later. The most important ones were: We will briefly list the major heresies on the next slides, and explain them further in conjunction with Councils . Christian Heresies
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18. Arianism: What is the relationship between Christ and the Father? Arius (250-336) argued that the Father alone was without beginning. The Son, although preexistent, was created or made . Jesus was a lesser, created being. He was condemned at Nicea (325) , but rehabilitated at Nicomedia (327), Tyre (35), Jerusalem (335) and Constantinople (336). Died the evening of his re-communion. A subordinationist Christology. Arianism would, for a while, become the main Christianity . It would be rejected by the proto-orthodox in 381, but survived for centuries more. Arianism
19. Jesus' Relationship to Humanity Nicea and Constantinople I solved the problem of how Jesus relates to God ( Father and Holy Ghost ) . How does he relate to Man ? Is he two people, God and Man? Is he just a spirit? Is he a man adopted by God? The solutions came at Ephesus and finally Calcedon. Mary was the mother of one person who contains both a divine and a human nature ( the hypostatic union ).
20. The Nicene Creed of 325 CE We believe in one God, the Father , the Almighty, maker of all things both visible and invisible; and in one Lord, Jesus Christ, the Son of God, Only begotten of the Father, that is to say, of the substance* of the Father, God of God, Light of Light, very God of very God, begotten, not made, being of one substance** with the Father; by whom all things were made, both things in heaven and things on earth; * Ousia ** Homoousian
21. who for us men and for our salvation, came down and was made flesh , was made man, suffered, and rose again on the third day, went up into the heavens, and is to come again to judge both the quick and the dead; and in the Holy Ghost . End of 1st Nicene Creed Explained how Jesus related to the Father; the difficulty was to avoid both: - denying his humanity (Sabellian, Modalism heresy) - questioning his divinity (Arian heresy) The Nicene Creed - cont.
22. This Nicene Creed left a confusion : How could God be One and yet consist of two or three entities? The Cappadocian Fathers resolved the dilemma by redefining some key words : The Creed condemned those who denied the Father and Son were one in essence ( ousia ) and being ( hypostasis ). Those words are NOT interchangeable, therefore they claimed: The Father, Son and Holy Ghost are three individuals ( hypostases ) sharing one essence ( ousia )! (The Latins preferred: Three Persons sharing one Substance) Three Persons in One Essence (Substance)
23. We believe in the Holy Spirit , the Lord, the giver of life, who proceeds from the Father and the Son* , who with the Father and the Son is worshiped and glorified, who has spoken through the prophets. We believe in one holy catholic and apostolic Church. We acknowledge one baptism for the forgiveness of sins. We look for the resurrection of the dead, and the life of the world to come. * Filioque - added much later, double procession caused split in west/east church The Nicene - Constantinopolitan Creed of 381 - Addition (1st part was reworded also)
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27. Paul was born Saul of Tarsus in present day Turkey. A Jew of the Diaspora , therefore from a Hellenized Culture. A Pharisee who studied under the famous Gamaliel. Persecuted Jewish Christians. Was converted and started teaching his version of Christ to Hellenized Jews and Greeks. Went about it without consulting Jerusalem (Gal 1:8ff). Attempted eventually to reconcile with Jerusalem (Gal 1:18-2:10). Paul in Brief
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29. Paul's Letters Galatians: Opposes Christian missionaries from James who believe that Gentiles need to follow the Law. (Judaizers) 1 Corinthians: Opposes Christian leaders who taught that they had already experienced a spiritual resurrection . (proto-Gnostics) Other divisive factions. Spiritual gifts ( charismata ) Romans: Explains his theology : the Death and Resurrection of Jesus.
34. ca. 50 CE ca. 70 ca. 85 Luke and Matthew contain common verses from Mark and an 'unknown' source Bible - Two Source Theory
35. But they also have verses unique to each , from separate sources The Four Source Theory of Gospel Origns L M Bible - 4 Source Theory ry
36. The Q Source Protestant and Catholic scholars have isolated the Q sayings by examining the common verses in Matthew and Luke. They have further isolated layers of writings that show a theological development over a short period of time. These layers are called: Q1 Q2 Q3
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38. What is remarkable about Q1 is that the original Christians appeared to be centered totally on concerns about their relationships with God and with other people , and their preparation for the Kingdom of God on earth . Totally absent from their spiritual life are almost all of the factors that we associate with Christianity today . Q1 - notes
39. "Q2" - Describes Jesus as an Apocalyptic Prophet Many prophetic and apocalyptic pronouncements were added a couple of decades later, after Q1 had been firmly entrenched as the standard teaching text of the community. The new sayings were written in response to the serious civil unrest and upheavals in Palestine associated with the Roman-Jewish war. Another motivation was the rejection that they had experienced by their families and by the Jewish people generally. Q2 includes statements of judgment and doom which were directed against those who refused to listen to Jesus' message. Q2 (ca. 60's CE)
40. The new sayings were written circa 60 to 70 CE, and introduced John the Baptist and his disciples into the Q material. Jesus tells of his miracles ( the quote we've seen in Essenes Scroll 4Q521 and Isaiah 61:1, in Luke 7:22 & Matt 11:4 ) The sayings were inter-woven within the Q1 material in order to generate the impression that the judgmental texts were part of his original message. Q2 - notes
41. "Q3" - Retreat from the World Additional sayings appear to have been added during the mid 70's CE. This was at a time that the Roman-Jewish war had concluded, after the Jews had been driven from Palestine , and around the time the book of Mark was written. They describe the followers of Jesus as retreating from the violence and civic unrest of society and patiently waiting for "their moment of glory in some future time at the end of human history ". Jesus was upgraded beyond his original Q1 status as teacher and his later Q2 status as prophet-teacher. Q3 describes him as a deity, who converses directly with God and Satan . It was at this time that the Gospel of Q started to be noticed by other Christian writers. Matthew and Luke built their Gospels in part around Q and Mark. Q3 (ca. 75)
42. The Quest for the Historical Jesus and His Good News Sources Compare Paul and Jesus Movement Q and Matthew
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44. The Quest for the Historical Jesus Non- Christian Sources: Pliny the Younger (governor of Bythinia 111-131) writing to Trajan (112 CE), "Christians were singing hymns to Christ as God." Tacitus (in 115 CE), Annuals of Rome. Mentions Christians as the hatred of the human race, followers of Christ who was crucified when Tiberius was emperor. Josephus (ca. 95 CE), Antiquities. Says Jesus was called a messiah, had a brother James, was a wise man who did spectacular deeds. That's it outside of the New Testament. How about inside? Suetonius, Life of Claudius . "Jews were driven out of Rome for rioting at the instigation of one, Crestus"
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48. Who Were Jesus' Spokesmen? At first Peter then James , the brother of Jesus, led the Jerusalem church. We don't hear of most of the Twelve in Paul's letters or Acts. Paul laid claim to Apostleship, but the Jerusalem church never recognized him as such. The 7 of Acts 6 started Hellenist churches throughout the Diaspora. By the time of the Apostolic Council (ca. 49), there were other "pillars" speaking for the church. After the Antioch incident, the church split.
49. What was the Message? The Jerusalem church continued to be a sect of Judaism and had only the intention to reform. The Kingdom had arrived (Matt and Luke). -vs- Paul made the good news that of Jesus' death and resurrection and claimed that works (law) were of no value and that we are saved by grace and faith alone. The Kingdom was still to come (John, Mark and epistles).
50. How Could One Join? The Jewish Christians insisted that one follow the Law before being accepted. -vs- Paul insisted that the Law was of no need for Gentiles to join. The Council, in the interest of unity, compromised. They allowed that Gentiles follow only the Noachide minimal law (no: meat sacrificed to idols; fornication; meat of strangled animals; blood). This compromise did not last long. Splinter Jewish-Christian sects would evolve and eventually be declared heretical. A main one is the Ebionites.
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52. The Ebionites - cont. The proto-orthodox condemned them as heretics. They continued as small enclaves in Galilee and the Trans Jordan (Peraea, Decapolis) They ceased to exist after 450 CE.
53. Early Christianity - (Jesus Movement) "Do to others as you would have them do to you." Luke 6: 31 (Q 9) Jesus Movement - rejected the hypocrisy of many of the Pharisees and Sadducees. Preached the immanent Kingdom of God . Jesus Consider the lillies, how they they grow: they neither toil nor spin; yet I tell you, even Solomon in all his glory was not clothed like one of these. Luke 12: 27 (Q 39)
56. to India -- Hinduism to Iran -- Zoroastrianism and to Greece -- Homeric religion ISRAEL 1000 622 586- 170 63 4 49 Monarchy Joshia 538 Abomination Birth of Jerusalem Exile of Desolation Jesus Council The Development of Christianity - John, Jesus and Paul Zealots Sadducees John Pharisees Jesus Movement Essenes Paul others Alexander 333 722 Assyria Mesopotamian Persian Indo- European Egyptian Greece Persian rule Greek rule Roman rule
57. The First Christians The Movement was not called Christian until the 40s where it got that name at Antioch Earlier it was called the Way or Nazarenes The original focus was on the Jewish homeland in Galilee , then in Jerusalem Peter was the original head of the Jerusalem church later replaced by James , the brother of Jesus Scholars designate them as Jewish-Christians (later called Ebionites and branded as heretics) And then came Paul...
58. Zealots Sadducees Pharisees Essenes Jesus Movement others Pauline Christians Gnostics 30 33 John the Crucifixion 50's 100's Baptist Paul's Gnosis Missions Catholic Schism The Development of Christianity Thru the 2nd Century Ebionites Jewish-Christians Greek
59. Zealots Sadducees Pharisees Essenes Jesus Movement others Pauline Christians Gnostics 30 33 John the Crucifixion 50's 100's Baptist Paul's Gnosis Missions 300's 1000's Catholic Schism The Development of Orthodoxy Jewish-Christians Orthodoxy Other Ongoing Heresies Greek
60. World Religions Today - Graphic 2 Billion 1.3 Billion 900 Million 360 Million
61. Branch Number of Adherents Catholic 1,050,000,000 Protestant 455,000,000 Other Christians* 180,000,000 Orthodox 240,000,000 Anglicans 73,000,000 Major Traditional Branches of Christianity - Worldwide Today Outline Cont. * Christians outside the mainstream labels (e.g., Jehovah's Witnesses, Mormons, AICs, New Thought, Friends, etc)
62. This list of shows major branches between which there are real differences with regard to culture, practice, doctrine, and history . The boundaries between some of these groups are somewhat blurry (such as between some Pentecostal and Conservative Protestant groups). Branch Number of Adherents Catholic 1,050,000,000 Orthodox/Eastern Christian 240,000,000 Conservative Protestant ** 200,000,000 Liberal Protestant 150,000,000 African indigenous sects (AICs) 110,000,000 Pentecostal 105,000,000 Anglican 73,000,000 Jehovah's Witnesses 14,800,000 Latter Day Saints 11,200,000 New Thought (Unity, Christian Sc., etc.) 1,500,000 Friends (Quakers) 300,000 ** Born-again, Evangelical, Fundamentalists, Pentecostals, Charismatics Significant Sociologically Distinct Branches of Christianity - Worldwide Outline Cont.
63. Why So Many Variations? Limited or No Central Control Moral Isues Priesthood of All Believers Ambiguous Interpretations of Scripture ( Sola Scriptura ) Let's Look at Doctrines . . . Class Discussion - You Tell Me - what are the key Christian Doctrines? Outline Cont.
64. Zealots Sadducees Pharisees Essenes Jesus Movement others Pauline Christians 30 33 John the Crucifixion 50's Breakup Paul/James Baptist Paul's ca. 60 Missions The Development of Christianity Jewish-Christians
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66. to India -- Hinduism to Iran -- Zoroastrianism and to Greece -- Homeric religion ISRAEL Judah Jewish Sects 1000 622 587 333 170 4 Monarchy Josiah Alexander Abomination Birth of Exile of Desolation Jesus The History Leading to Christianity - Ancient Israel Zealots Sadducees Pharisees Essenes others Mesopotamian Persian Indo- European Egyptian Greece
67. Monarchianism: God is one person. Monarchians argued that Jesus was an ordinary human, to whom came the power of God--usually understood at his baptism or at the resurrection. He was not God, but God worked in and through him. Modalism also know as Sabellianism: God is one person in three modes. Godhead is a succession of modes where Father appears as Son and Holy Spirit. Modalism is the argument that God acts in three different modes, but one at a time--hence, for a time God is Father, then Son, then Holy Spirit. Montanism: Montanus (ca. AD 156) asserted a direct relationship with the Holy Spirit, which came upon him apart from the structure of the Church and brought on speaking in tongues and other charismatic behaviors. With this came a strong emphasis on the immanence of Christ's second coming. Arianism: Arius argued that the Father alone was without beginning. The Son, therefore, was created or made. Jesus was a lesser, created being. Christian Heresies
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69. Making of the New Testament Crterion for inclusion: Apostolic writer Ancient - Contained proper doctrine Rationale for selected books: Gospels Acts Letters Relevation
70. The Canon of the New Testament Book Author Date Matthew Anonymous 85 CE Mark " 65 Luke " 85 John " 95 Acts same as Luke 85 Romans Paul 58 1 Corinthians Paul 55 2 Corinthians Paul 56 Galatians Paul 54 Ephesians ? ? Philippians Paul 62? Colossians Paul?? 62?? 1 Thessalonians Paul 52 2 Thessalonians Pseudonymous ??? 1 Timothy " ??? 2 Timothy " ??? Titus " ??? Philemon Paul ?? Hebrews Anonymous before 70 James Pseudonymous ??? 1 Peter " ??? 2 Peter " 100? 1 John Anon 140?? 2 John " 90? Jude Pseudonymous 140?? Revelation John of Patmos? 90?
75. The Athanasian Creed Whoever wills to be in a state of salvation, before all things it is necessary that he hold the catholic faith, which except everyone shall have kept whole and undefiled without doubt he will perish eternally. Now the catholic faith is that we worship One God in Trinity and Trinity in Unity, neither confounding the Persons nor dividing the substance. For there is one Person of the Father, another of the Son, another of the Holy Spirit. But the Godhead of the Father, of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, is One, the Glory equal, the Majesty coeternal. The Father is made of none, neither created nor begotten. The Son is of the Father alone, not made nor created but begotten. The Holy Spirit is of the Father and the Son, not made nor created nor begotten but proceeding. So there is one Father not three Fathers, one Son not three Sons, and Holy Spirit not three Holy Spirits. And in this Trinity there is nothing before or after, nothing greater or less, but the whole three Persons are coeternal together and coequal. But it is necessary to eternal salvation that he also believe faithfully the Incarnation of our Lord Jesus Christ. The right faith therefore is that we believe and confess that our Lord Jesus Christ, the Son of God, is God and Man. He is God of the substance of the Father begotten before the worlds, and He is man of the substance of His mother born in the world; perfect God, perfect man subsisting of a reasoning soul and human flesh; equal to the Father as touching His Godhead, inferior to the Father as touching His Manhood. This is the catholic faith, which except a man shall have believed faithfully and firmly he cannot be in a state of salvation. Complex Doctrine
79. This list of shows major branches between which there are real differences with regard to culture, practice, doctrine, and history . The boundaries between some of these groups are somewhat blurry (such as between some Pentecostal and Conservative Protestant groups). Branch Number of Adherents Catholic 1,050,000,000 Orthodox/Eastern Christian 240,000,000 Conservative Protestant ** 200,000,000 Liberal Protestant 150,000,000 African indigenous sects (AICs) 110,000,000 Pentecostal 105,000,000 Anglican 73,000,000 Jehovah's Witnesses 14,800,000 Latter Day Saints 11,200,000 New Thought (Unity, Christian Sc., etc.) 1,500,000 Friends (Quakers) 300,000 ** Born-again, Evangelical, Fundamentalists, Pentecostals, Charismatics Significant Sociologically Distinct Branches of Christianity - Worldwide Outline Cont.
80. Why So Many Variations? Limited or No Central Control Moral Isues Priesthood of All Believers Ambiguous Interpretations of Scripture ( Sola Scriptura ) Let's Look at Doctrines . . . Class Discussion - You Tell Me - what are the key Christian Doctrines? Outline Cont.
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85. to India -- Hinduism to Iran -- Zoroastrianism and to Greece -- Homeric religion ISRAEL Jewish Sects 1000 622 586 170 4 49 Monarchy Joshia Abomination Birth of Jerusalem Exile of Desolation Jesus Council The Development of Christianity - John, Jesus and Paul Zealots Sadducees John Pharisees Jesus Movement Essenes Paul others Alexander 333 Mesopotamian Persian Indo- European Egyptian Greece
86. Early Christianity "The Kingdom of God is not coming with signs to be observed . . . for behold, the Kingdom of God is in the midst of you." Luke 17:20-21 Jesus This generation will not pass away until all these things have taken place. Matt 24: 34
87. Zealots Sadducees Pharisees Essenes Jesus Movement others Pauline Christians Gnostics 30 33 John the Crucifixion 50's 100's Baptist Paul's Gnosis Missions 300's 1000's Catholic Schism The Development of Orthodoxy Jewish-Christians Orthodoxy Other Ongoing Heresies Greek
88. The First Christians The Movement was not called Christian until the 40s where it got that name at Antioch Earlier it was called the Way or Nazarenes The original focus was on the Jewish homeland in Galilee, then Jerusalem Peter was the original head of the Jerusalem church then replaced by James, the brother of Jesus Scholars designate them as Jewish-Christians (later called Ebionites and branded as heretics) And then came Paul...
89. Zealots Sadducees Pharisees Essenes Jesus Movement others Pauline Christians Gnostics 30 33 John the Crucifixion 50's 100's Baptist Paul's Gnosis Missions 300's 1000's Catholic Schism The Development of Orthodoxy Jewish-Christians Orthodoxy Other Ongoing Heresies
90. 50's 100's Paul's Gnosis Missions "Catholic" Dark Ages Schism End of Middle Ages 300's 476-1000 1054 476-1450 Gnostics Pauline Christians Crusades 1095 - 1291 Development of Christianity to the End of the Middle Ages Cathars 1050 Waldensians 1173 Wycliffe 1380 Huss 1415 Francis Assisi 1206 Aquinas 1273 Jewish-Christians Orthodoxy Other Ongoing Heresies Greek Philosophy Eastern Orthodox Roman Catholic