This document summarizes a workshop on aggregation for Europeana. It defines aggregation as assembling documents to form a new document or collection. For Europeana, an aggregator collects metadata from content providers and transmits it, helping providers conform to standards. Aggregators also support providers with administration and training. The document discusses options for aggregation, the roles of aggregators, and technical requirements around interoperability and preparing data for Europeana.
Europeana and the Mediterranean Region by Dov Winer
Presentation at the GID Parmenides Conference
Towards a Mediterranean Science Area
Mediterranean Wealth and Diversity: Biology and Culture
at the Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Alexandria 21-24 June 2010
- http://gnosis.dschool.edu.gr/decks/2014-05-06_Photodentro-Aggregator-Arch/
- https://speakerdeck.com/tafkey/the-photodentro-aggregator-federated-system-architecture
Presented at the 11th EdReNe Conference (Athens, May 6th, 2014)
Amusing- music streaming platform for bars/coffee shops/clubs (South Korea ma...Uros Jovanovic
Presentation pitch for new business idea called Amusing- B2B music streaming platform targeted to venue owners in South Korea. Project of High-Tech Entrepreneurship at Politecnico di Milano, June 2015.
Team:
Vladimir Stoiljkovic
Mustafa Guray Taydas
Elisabeth Ulander
Francesco Gamba
Uros Jovanovic
Europeana and the Mediterranean Region by Dov Winer
Presentation at the GID Parmenides Conference
Towards a Mediterranean Science Area
Mediterranean Wealth and Diversity: Biology and Culture
at the Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Alexandria 21-24 June 2010
- http://gnosis.dschool.edu.gr/decks/2014-05-06_Photodentro-Aggregator-Arch/
- https://speakerdeck.com/tafkey/the-photodentro-aggregator-federated-system-architecture
Presented at the 11th EdReNe Conference (Athens, May 6th, 2014)
Amusing- music streaming platform for bars/coffee shops/clubs (South Korea ma...Uros Jovanovic
Presentation pitch for new business idea called Amusing- B2B music streaming platform targeted to venue owners in South Korea. Project of High-Tech Entrepreneurship at Politecnico di Milano, June 2015.
Team:
Vladimir Stoiljkovic
Mustafa Guray Taydas
Elisabeth Ulander
Francesco Gamba
Uros Jovanovic
This slide deck explains the streaming landscape to Caribbean Nationals and introduces a new niche streaming solution called Chune which will assist the Caribbean with using more local content and making Caribbean music easier to discover for locals and internationals.
Holiday Facebook Ads, the Ultimate Gift to Your BusinessGODigitalMarketing
Join G/O Digital and Facebook in this webinar to learn the benefits of social ads as a holiday marketing tool and how to use them to craft the perfect last-minute social campaign.
In this webinar, you will learn:
- The habits of social shoppers
- How to reach holiday shoppers with a social ads strategy
- The most effective ways to take advantage of the season’s spending
- And much more!
Sky saw an opportunity to create true innovation in the TV advertising industry. Co-operation with Cisco made the vision reality.
TV advertisers want to aim right ads at right homes
Ad platform provides viewer targeting with
unprecedented accuracy.
TV’s ad model is limiting: the same ads served to all viewers at the same time. To update the model—and boost revenue—Sky and Cisco built Sky AdSmart, which serves TV ads to households based on unique pro!les.
Cloud to Cable TV enables media distribution music and video. The Music Platform is a streaming tool that creates music channels for CABLE TV and provides subscription services for mobile, web, and IPTV systems (Over the Top, OTT, Platform).
Competitor analysis of Music Streaming ServicesTiffany Sam
As a personal winter break project, this deck is a compilation of various trends I have identified in the music streaming space both locally and globally with special attention paid to the rising competition between Apple Music and Spotify.
Universal Music Group - SWOT, PEST, Porter AnalysisKevin Zi Liu
An in-depth analysis exploring Universal Music Group's (UMG) internal and external forces: SWOT, PEST, Porter's Five Forces.
We look at the current the current market share and cultural shifts and provide recommendations that align with their mission statement.
Evaluation of Schema.org for Aggregation of Cultural Heritage MetadataNuno Freire
In the World Wide Web, a very large number of resources is made available through digital libraries. The existence of many individual digital libraries, maintained by different organiza-tions, brings challenges to the discoverability, sharing and reuse of the resources. A widely-used approach is metadata aggregation, where centralized efforts like Europeana facilitate the discoverability and use of the resources by collecting their associated metadata. The cultural heritage domain embraced the aggregation approach while, at the same time, the technological landscape kept evolving. Nowadays, cultural heritage institutions are increas-ingly applying technologies designed for the wider interoperability on the Web. In this con-text, we have identified the Schema.org vocabulary as a potential technology for innovating metadata aggregation. We conducted two case studies that analysed Schema.org metadata from collections from cultural heritage institutions. We used the requirements of the Euro-peana Network as evaluation criteria. These include the recommendations of the Europeana Data Model, which is a collaborative effort from all the domains represented in Europeana: libraries, museums, archives, and galleries. We concluded that Schema.org poses no obstacle that cannot be overcome to allow data providers to deliver metadata in full compliance with Europeana requirements and with the desired semantic quality. However, Schema.org’s cross-domain applicability raises the need for accompanying its adoption by recommenda-tions and/or specifications regarding how data providers should create their Schema.org metadata, so that they can meet the specific requirements of Europeana or other cultural aggregation networks.
Promoting Austrian Cultural and Scientific Heritage via EUROPEANAEuropeanaConnect
Mag. Gerda Koch, AIT Angewandte Informationstechnik Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
14th International Congress Cultural Heritage and New Technologies Vienna, 17 November 2009
Nikola Ikonomov, Boyan Simeonov, Jana Parvanova and Vladimir Alexiev. In Digital Presentation and Preservation of Cultural and Scientific Heritage (DiPP 2013), Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria, Sep 2013.
Isometric overview diagrams can be used to synthesize and present complex information in a form similar to a geographic atlas. Given the pattern and shape of a geographic boundary, the reader can understand a variety of information – natural resources, population, historical events – superimposed on the underlying pattern. In the same way, information about complex data networks can be represented in a series of isometric diagrams superimposed on a similar pattern.
This slide deck explains the streaming landscape to Caribbean Nationals and introduces a new niche streaming solution called Chune which will assist the Caribbean with using more local content and making Caribbean music easier to discover for locals and internationals.
Holiday Facebook Ads, the Ultimate Gift to Your BusinessGODigitalMarketing
Join G/O Digital and Facebook in this webinar to learn the benefits of social ads as a holiday marketing tool and how to use them to craft the perfect last-minute social campaign.
In this webinar, you will learn:
- The habits of social shoppers
- How to reach holiday shoppers with a social ads strategy
- The most effective ways to take advantage of the season’s spending
- And much more!
Sky saw an opportunity to create true innovation in the TV advertising industry. Co-operation with Cisco made the vision reality.
TV advertisers want to aim right ads at right homes
Ad platform provides viewer targeting with
unprecedented accuracy.
TV’s ad model is limiting: the same ads served to all viewers at the same time. To update the model—and boost revenue—Sky and Cisco built Sky AdSmart, which serves TV ads to households based on unique pro!les.
Cloud to Cable TV enables media distribution music and video. The Music Platform is a streaming tool that creates music channels for CABLE TV and provides subscription services for mobile, web, and IPTV systems (Over the Top, OTT, Platform).
Competitor analysis of Music Streaming ServicesTiffany Sam
As a personal winter break project, this deck is a compilation of various trends I have identified in the music streaming space both locally and globally with special attention paid to the rising competition between Apple Music and Spotify.
Universal Music Group - SWOT, PEST, Porter AnalysisKevin Zi Liu
An in-depth analysis exploring Universal Music Group's (UMG) internal and external forces: SWOT, PEST, Porter's Five Forces.
We look at the current the current market share and cultural shifts and provide recommendations that align with their mission statement.
Evaluation of Schema.org for Aggregation of Cultural Heritage MetadataNuno Freire
In the World Wide Web, a very large number of resources is made available through digital libraries. The existence of many individual digital libraries, maintained by different organiza-tions, brings challenges to the discoverability, sharing and reuse of the resources. A widely-used approach is metadata aggregation, where centralized efforts like Europeana facilitate the discoverability and use of the resources by collecting their associated metadata. The cultural heritage domain embraced the aggregation approach while, at the same time, the technological landscape kept evolving. Nowadays, cultural heritage institutions are increas-ingly applying technologies designed for the wider interoperability on the Web. In this con-text, we have identified the Schema.org vocabulary as a potential technology for innovating metadata aggregation. We conducted two case studies that analysed Schema.org metadata from collections from cultural heritage institutions. We used the requirements of the Euro-peana Network as evaluation criteria. These include the recommendations of the Europeana Data Model, which is a collaborative effort from all the domains represented in Europeana: libraries, museums, archives, and galleries. We concluded that Schema.org poses no obstacle that cannot be overcome to allow data providers to deliver metadata in full compliance with Europeana requirements and with the desired semantic quality. However, Schema.org’s cross-domain applicability raises the need for accompanying its adoption by recommenda-tions and/or specifications regarding how data providers should create their Schema.org metadata, so that they can meet the specific requirements of Europeana or other cultural aggregation networks.
Promoting Austrian Cultural and Scientific Heritage via EUROPEANAEuropeanaConnect
Mag. Gerda Koch, AIT Angewandte Informationstechnik Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
14th International Congress Cultural Heritage and New Technologies Vienna, 17 November 2009
Nikola Ikonomov, Boyan Simeonov, Jana Parvanova and Vladimir Alexiev. In Digital Presentation and Preservation of Cultural and Scientific Heritage (DiPP 2013), Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria, Sep 2013.
Isometric overview diagrams can be used to synthesize and present complex information in a form similar to a geographic atlas. Given the pattern and shape of a geographic boundary, the reader can understand a variety of information – natural resources, population, historical events – superimposed on the underlying pattern. In the same way, information about complex data networks can be represented in a series of isometric diagrams superimposed on a similar pattern.
New approaches for data acquisition at europeana iiif, sitemaps and schema.o...Nuno Freire
Presentation on experiments at Europeana regarding new methods of aggregating metadata.
Presented at the Seminar Linked Data in Research and Cultural Heritage, on 1st of May 2017.
Learning Object Annotation in Agricultural Learning RepositoriesHannes Ebner
Presentation at the 9th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT) in Riga, Latvia, 15-17 July, 2009.
This presentation provides an overview over the content repository architecture of the Organic.Edunet eContentplus project.
Metadata Aggregation: Assessing the Application of IIIF and Sitemaps within C...Nuno Freire
In the World Wide Web, a very large number of resources is made available through digital libraries. The existence of many individual digital libraries, maintained by different organizations, brings challenges to the discoverability and usage of the resources. A widely-used approach is metadata aggregation, where centralized efforts like Europeana facilitate the discoverability and use of the resources by collecting their associated metadata. This paper focuses on metadata aggregation in the domain of cultural heritage, where OAI-PMH has been the adopted solution. However, the technological landscape around us has changed. With recent technological accomplishments, the motivation for adopt-ing OAI-PMH is not as clear as it used to be. In this paper, we present the first results in attempting to rethink Europeana’s technological approach for metada-ta aggregation, to make the operation of the aggregation network more efficient and lower the technical barriers for data providers. We (Europeana and data providers) report on case studies that trialled the application of some of the most promising technologies, exploring several solutions based on the Interna-tional Image Interoperability Framework (IIIF) and Sitemaps. The solutions were trialled successfully and leveraged on existing technology and knowledge in cultural heritage, with low implementation barriers. The future challenges lie in choosing among the several possibilities and standardize solution(s). Euro-peana will proceed with recommendations for its network and is actively work-ing within the IIIF community to achieve this goal.
This presentation describes Bulgariana, an aggregator to Europeana. This is also a community building initiative aiming at concerting activities in the realm of digtalization, preservation and presentation of cultural heritage in Bulgaria.
Europeana Collections offers online access to digital collections from over 3,700 galleries, libraries, museums and archives. The transfer of metadata from these institutions is done through a number of regional, national, domain and thematic aggregators. To have their collections published online, we have developed a data model, Europeana Data Model, that brings together specifications of other metadata formats, adds contextual information to the records and contributes to their publication as linked open data.
This session will cover briefly our recommendations for metadata quality, the possibilities of enhancement of certain fields and the various data re-use opportunities.
Designing a multilingual knowledge graph - DCMI2018Antoine Isaac
Presentation for the paper "Designing a multilingual knowledge graph as service for cultural heritage" at the DCMI2018 conference https://www.dublincore.org/conferences/2018/abstracts/#559
Aggregation of cultural heritage datasets through the Web of DataNuno Freire
The existence of many digital libraries, maintained by different organizations, brings challenges to the discoverability of cultural heritage (CH) resources. Metadata aggregation is an approach where centralized efforts like Europeana facilitate their discoverability by collecting the resource’s metadata. Nowadays, CH institutions are increasingly applying technologies designed for the wider interoperability on the Web. In this context, we have identified the Schema.org vocabulary and linked data (LD) as potential technologies for innovating CH metadata aggregation. We present the results of an analysis using the case of the Europeana network of aggregators and data providers as basis. We have conducted a survey of the available linked data technology, and we defined a solution, which we have put into practice in a pilot implementation within the Europeana network. In this pilot, the National Library of The Netherlands fulfils the role of data provider, with the Dutch Digital Heritage Network, as national aggregator, supporting the provision of several datasets from the national library to Europeana. The metadata is published using LD practices, having Schema.org as the main vocabulary. The national library also implements all the necessary semantic web mechanisms, defined in our solution, for making the datasets discoverable and harvestable by Europeana. Our proposal involves the use of vocabularies for description of datasets, and their distributions, namely DCAT, VoID and Schema.org. Europeana implements the LD harvester side of the solution and applies it to harvest the Schema.org data from the national library.
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Europeana en de digitale ontsluiting van cultureel erfgoed
1. Europeana en de digitale ontsluiting van cultureel erfgoed
Europeana et l’accessibilité numérique du patrimoine culturel
2009-12-16
Workshop 3
Aggregation
Mel Collier – Jef Malliet
2. What is aggregation?
• General: (e.g. geology, engineering)
• Assemblage constitutes a new unity
• Components/materials that do not react with each other
• In ICT:
• Assemblage of documents that forms a new document; e.g. for
copyright purposes
• Collection of articles from various sources, presented together on
a website
• E.g.:
From en.wikipedia.org
Aggregator: In general internet terms, a news aggregation website is a website
where headlines are collected, usually manually, by the website owner.
2009-12-16
Aggregation
3. Aggregation in Europeana (1)
Definitions
• Definition: (from Europeana Content Strategy)
An Aggregator is an organization that collects metadata from its group of
content providers and transmits them to Europeana, helps content
providers with guidance on conformance with Europeana norms and
converts metadata if necessary. The aggregator also supports the
content providers with administration, operations and training.
A Content Provider is any organization that provides digital content for
access via Europeana and the metadata that enables the access.
• CCPA: Council of Content Providers and Aggregators
• Content providers and aggregators participate in Europeana
decision making
2009-12-16
Aggregation
4. Aggregation in Europeana (2)
Options
• Repository:
• Including digital objects
• Only metadata and indexes
• Portal:
• With public interface
• Only database - ‘dark portal’
• Type of aggregation:
• Vertical single domain, accross administrative/geographic borders
• Horizontal cross domain, within administrative/geographic borders
• Thematic cross domain, no borders
2009-12-16
Aggregation
5. Aggregation in Europeana (3)
Role of aggregators
• Disseminate vision and
objectives of Europeana Europeana
through their network
In
• Provide feedback to n te
nt
Aggregator Aggregator
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r m
at
Co
Aggregator io
Europeana from their network n
• Promotion and
implementation of standards
• Provide domain specific
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expertise and skills to Institute Institute Institute Institute Institute Institute Institute Institute Institute Institute Institute
institutions and Europeana
2009-12-16
Aggregation
6. Content for Europeana (1)
Organisational issues
• Europeana prefers collecting content through aggregators
• Each content provider to contribute through one aggregator
only
• Flowchart describes decision path for choosing the best way
to contribute for new content providers
• Content provider/aggregator responsible for delivering data
in accepted format (currently ESE 3.2.1 specifications)
• Content provider/aggregator to make data available for
harvesting by Europeana through OAI-PMH protocol
2009-12-16
Aggregation
7. Content for Europeana (2)
Current Status
• ESE specifications valid for Rhine release (Summer 2010)
• No specifications yet for Danube release (2011)
• No specifications yet for persistent identifiers
• No decisions yet concerning re-harvesting for data updates
• Many unsolved IPR issues
• Very few existing aggregators
• Handbook with guidelines is being prepared
2009-12-16
Aggregation
8. Businessmodels for aggregators
• Collect data for Europeana
• Give access to national/regional/local heritage information
• Promote national/regional/local profile or identity
• Provide resource for educational/tourist services
• Reinforce relevance of heritage institutions
• Assist and support heritage managers for digitization
• Keep digitized cultural assets in the public domain
• Increase access to knowledge about cultural heritage
• Underpin the knowledge economy
• ...
2009-12-16
Aggregation
9. Interoperability
Interoperability is the key in the essence, purpose
and construction of an aggregator:
• Technical interoperability – Exchange Protocols
• Structural interoperability – Datastructures
• Content interoperability – Semantics, Languages
2009-12-16
Aggregation
10. Technical interoperability
Protocols - Harvesting
Aggregator must be able to acquire (ingest) and
interpret the source data
• Internet
• XML
• OAI-PMH (Open Archives Initiative – Protocol for Metadata
Harvesting)
2009-12-16
Aggregation
11. Structural interoperability
Data Structures - Mapping & Normalisation
• Aggregator uses its own uniform datastructure, designed
according to the purpose of the aggregator
• Simple: e.g. Dublin Core, ESE (cross-domain aggregators)
• Detailed: e.g. MARC, Spectrum (specific domain, vertical
aggregators)
• Semantic (for Semantic Web)
• Source data must be converted to aggregator datastructure
• Mapping fields
• Normalization
• THE condition: internal Consistency
2009-12-16
Aggregation
12. Content interoperability (1)
Semantics - Enrichment
Many aggregators aim at a semantic datamodel
• New information created from combination with other sources
• Relations between objects/concepts
• New, broader context emerges
• Requires Semantic Web technology:
• Resources
• Identification through URI
• Relations with RDF
2009-12-16
Aggregation
13. Content Interoperability (2)
Thesauri
SKOS
• Evolution from ISO standards for thesauri (ISO2788 & 5964)
• W3C specifications
• Semantic Web technology (RDF), object oriented
• New concept approach to thesaurus: taxonomy of concepts
rather than terms
• Terms are identifiers for the concept
• Concepts from one thesaurus can be connected to concepts
from another thesaurus: tool for merging thesauri
2009-12-16
Aggregation
14. Content Interoperability (3)
Thesaurus e.g. AAT
• AAT is concept based, perfect fit with SKOS datamodel
• Concepts are well defined by Scope Notes
• Multilingual: English, Spanish, Dutch, (French), (German),
(Chinese)
• Must become more dynamic
• Content is responsibility of the users
• Improving/maintaining AAT must be done by the heritage
sector
2009-12-16
Aggregation
15. Content Interoperability (4)
Semantics in Europeana
• Collecting thesauri used in source databases
• SKOS format
• Multilingual
• Building blocks for semantic layer in the data model
• For Danube release (model and actions to be finalized)
2009-12-16
Aggregation
17. Participating in Europeana
Conditions
• Content suitable for Europeana
• Metadata about digital objects (text, image, audio, video)
• Sufficient metadata
• Metadata convertible to ESE
• Copyright cleared
• Digital objects can be accessed directly through URL
• Preferably contribute through a suitable aggregator
• Museums: Athena
• Oost-Vlaanderen & Limburg: EuropeanaLocal through MovE or
Erfgoedplus.be
• Other Europeana cluster projects: see www.group.europeana.eu
2009-12-16
Aggregation
18. Preparing for Europeana (1)
Checklist
• Systems
• Can the data be exported in XML format?
• Can authority files be used for controlling content of relevant
fields?
• Datastructures
• What standard was used?
• How consistently has the standard been applied?
• Were departures from the rules documented?
• Can the data be understood outside the original context?
2009-12-16
Aggregation
19. Preparing for Europeana (2)
Checklist
• Thesauri
• Which thesauri were used?
• Were additions/modifications made?
• Were the deviations properly documented?
• Are the thesaurus terms understandable outside the original
context?
• Images
• Are they stored in a clear file structure?
• Which rules were used and were they followed consistently?
• Which file formats have been used?
2009-12-16
Aggregation