The workshop covered cloud-native Java technologies using Open Liberty and MicroProfile. It included presentations on 12-factor and 15-factor application methodologies and hands-on labs exploring OpenAPI, health checks, metrics, and JWT authentication. Leaders demonstrated how to build and deploy modular, scalable microservices using open-source tools that optimize developer productivity and application portability in cloud environments.

2. Workshop
Introduction

3. Workshop Leaders
YK, Chang
GRACE, JANSEN
• Developer Advocates @ IBM
• Focus on cloud-native Java
technologies
• Based in the UK, Canada and USA
@gracejansen27
@yeekangc
Jamie, Coleman
@Jamie_Lee_C
RICH, HAGGARTY
@rhagarty8

4. Workshop Agenda
13:00-13:45 Main Presentation
13:45-13:55 Lab Set Up
13:55-14:20 Lab 1 - OpenAPI
14:20-14:30 BREAK
14:30-15:00 Lab 2 or 3 – Health or Metrics
15:00-15:35 Lab 4 – JWT
15:35-15:45 Wrap Up
15:45-16:00 Remaining Questions

5. Workshop Platform
Skills Network Labs

6. 6
© 2021 IBM Corporation

7. Lab’s Application
Two microservices: System and Inventory.
• The system service returns the system property
information for a specific host:
http://localhost:9080/system/properties
• The inventory service tracks the the number of systems
you have and it invokes the system service to retrieve
information about a system:
http://localhost:9080/inventory/systems
@GET /properties
© 2021 IBM Corporation

8. Open Liberty Guides
https://openliberty.io/guides/

9. Cloud-Native
Java Apps

12. 12 Factor App Methodology
https://12factor.net/

13. The original 12 factors:
1. Codebase
2. Dependencies
3. Configuration
4. Backing Services
5. Build, release, run
6. Processes
7. Port Binding
8. Concurrency
9. Disposability
10. Dev/prod parity
11. Logs
12. Admin Processes
https://12factor.net/

14. Revised 15 factors
1. One Codebase, one application
2. API first
3. Dependency management
4. Design, build, release, and run
5. Configuration, credentials and code
6. Logs
7. Disposability
https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/beyond-the-twelve-factor/9781492042631/
8. Backing services
9. Environment parity
10. Administrative processes
11. Port binding
12. Stateless processes
13. Concurrency
14. Telemetry
15. Authentication and authorization

15. Revised 15 factors
1. One Codebase, one application
2. API first
3. Dependency management
4. Design, build, release, and run
5. Configuration, credentials and code
6. Logs
7. Disposability
https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/beyond-the-twelve-factor/9781492042631/
8. Backing services
9. Environment parity
10. Administrative processes
11. Port binding
12. Stateless processes
13. Concurrency
14. Telemetry
15. Authentication and authorization

16. Public or Private Cloud
App
Services
(database,
registry, …)
15-Factor App
App
Artefact repo
Image repo

17. Public or Private Cloud
App
Services
(database,
registry, …)
1. One Codebase,
One Application
15-Factor App
3. Dependency Management
5. Configuration,
Credentials & Code
8. Backing services
4. Design, Build, release, run 11. Stateless Processes
App
11. Port binding
13. Concurrency
7. Disposability
9. Environmental
parity
6. Logs
10. Admin process
Artefact repo
Image repo
2. API First
14. Telemetry
15. Authentication
& Authorization

18. Public or Private Cloud
App
Services
(database,
registry, …)
1. One Codebase,
One Application
15-Factor App
3. Dependency Management
5. Configuration,
Credentials & Code
8. Backing services
4. Design, Build, release, run 11. Stateless Processes
App
11. Port binding
13. Concurrency
7. Disposability
9. Environmental
parity
6. Logs
10. Admin process
Artefact repo
Image repo
2. API First
14. Telemetry
15. Authentication
& Authorization

19. Helpful OSS
tools and
technologies

20. Jakarta EE
© 2021 IBM Corporation

21. https://jakarta.ee

22. Open Source Cloud
Native Java:
Community-Driven
Collaboration

23. Jakarta EE or Java EE 8
appSecurity-3.0 jaxrs-2.1 jsonp-1.1 websocket-1.1
beanValidation-2.0 jaxrsClient-2.1 jsf-2.3
cdi-2.0 jdbc-4.2 jsp-2.3
ejbLite-3.2 jndi-1.0 managedBeans-1.0
el-3.0 jpa-2.2 servlet-4.0
jaspic-1.1 jsonb-1.0 ssl-1.0
appClientSupport-1.0 ejbHome-3.2 jacc-1.5 managedBeans-1.0
appSecurityClient-1.0 ejbPersistentTimer-3.2 jaxb-2.2 mdb-3.2
batch-1.0 ejbRemote-3.2 jaxws-2.2 wasJmsClient-2.0
concurrent-1.0 j2eeManagement-1.1 jca-1.7 webProfile-8.0
ejb-3.2 javaMail-1.6 jms-2.0 wmqJmsClient-2.0

24. javax.* -> jakarta.*

25. Jakarta EE 10 in Action
Thursday, September 22 • 11:00 - 11:50

26. Eclipse
MicroProfile
© 2021 IBM Corporation

27. https://microprofile.io

28. What is MicroProfile?
● Eclipse MicroProfile is an open-source community
specification for Enterprise Java microservices
● A community of individuals, organizations, and
vendors collaborating within an open source
(Eclipse) project to bring microservices to the
Enterprise Java community microprofile.io
© 2021 IBM Corporation

29. MicroProfile
Contributors
© 2021 IBM Corporation

30. MicroProfile
Vendors/Implementations
© 2021 IBM Corporation

31. MicroProfile 5.0 Stack
Reactive
Streams
Operators 2.0
Reactive
Messaging
2.0
GraphQL 1.1
Context
Propagation
1.3
Standalone Projects
LRA 1.0
© 2021 IBM Corporation
https://developer.ibm.com/components/open-liberty/series/what-is-microprofile/
Jakarta EE
JSON-B 2.0
Jakarta EE
JSON-P 2.0
Jakatra EE
CDI 3.0
Config 3.0
Fault
Tolerance 4.0
JWT
Propagation
2.0
Health
4.0
Metrics 4.0
Open Tracing
3.0
Open API 3.0
Jakatra EE
JAX-RS 3.0
Rest Client
3.0

32. Addressing the transaction challenge in a cloud-native world Wednesday, September 21 • 16:00 - 16:50

33. Open Liberty
© 2021 IBM Corporation

34. Open Liberty
© 2021 IBM Corporation

35. Open Liberty 5th Birthday!
© 2021 IBM Corporation

36. Focus on code
Easy to make fast and iterative changes
Easy to write tests
True-to-production testing (as much as possible)
Ready for containers
Not-in-your-way tools and flexibility
Open Liberty Overview
© 2021 IBM Corporation

37. Developer Experience: dev mode
• Boosts developer productivity
• Immediate feedback for code and
config changes
• No re-build necessary
mvn liberty:dev
© 2021 IBM Corporation
https://developer.ibm.com/tutorials/achieve-rapid-iterative-cloud-native-application-development/

38. <feature>servlet-4.0</feature>
<feature>jsf-2.3</feature>
Just Enough Application Server
You control which features are loaded into each server instance
Kernel
servlet-4.0
http-2.0 appmgr
jsp-2.3 jsf-2.3
Java EE
© 2021 IBM Corporation

39. API Support
• First shipped in WAS 8.5 in 2012
• Servlet + JSP + JPA
• Web Profile 6 in 2014
• Java EE 7 in 2016 – first commercial
product to certify
• Java EE 8 in 2018 – first to certify
• Jakarta EE 8 in 2019 – first to certify
• Jakarta EE 9 in 2021 – first vendor
compatible implementation
• Eclipse MicroProfile – first to deliver 1.0-
1.4, 2.0-2.1, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0
© 2021 IBM Corporation

40. Developer productivity
Repositories Build
IDEs
Dev Mode
APIs Testing
© 2021 IBM Corporation

41. 41
Kubernetes optimized
• Deliver faster without costly
tuning exercises
• Get optimal performance even
as the environment changes
• Simple Operator-based deploy
and day-2 operations experience
• Supported production-ready
images
• APIs for Kubernetes integration
• Container-based usage tracking

42. The original 12
factors

43. 1. One codebase, one application
Production
Staging
Q/A
DevSecOps
Developer
Codebase
Deploys
1. CodeBase

44. 1. One codebase, one application
1. CodeBase
Production
Staging
Q/A
DevSecOps
Developer
Codebase
Deploys
https://openliberty.io/guides/getting-started.html

45. 3. Dependency management
2. Dependencies
Application Source
Code
Makes use of…

46. 3. Dependency management
2. Dependencies
Application Source
Code
Makes use of…
https://openliberty.io/guides/maven-intro.html
https://openliberty.io/guides/gradle-intro.html

47. 4. Design, build, release, run
5. Build, release, run
CI/CD
Design Build Release Run

48. 4. Design, build, release, run
5. Build, release, run
CI/CD
Design Build Release Run

49. 5. Configuration, credentials and code
3. Configuration
Application
Uses…

50. 5. Configuration, credentials and code
3. Configuration
Application
Uses…
https://openliberty.io/guides/microprofile-config.html

51. 6. Logs
11. Logs
Message
Broker
Interested
Service
Interested
Service
Logger

52. 6. Logs
11. Logs
Message
Broker
Interested
Service
Interested
Service
Logger

53. 7. Disposability
9. Disposability
1 2
3
4
5
6
7
Carl the Cat
Cattle Pet
VS

54. 7. Disposability
9. Disposability
1 2
3
4
5
6
7
Carl the Cat
Cattle Pet
VS
https://openliberty.io/guides/microprofile-fallback.html

55. 8. Backing Services
4. Backing Services
Application

56. 8. Backing Services
4. Backing Services
Application
https://openliberty.io/guides/microprofile-config.html

57. 9. Environmental parity
10. Dev/Prod Parity
Development Q/A Production
= =

58. 9. Environmental parity
10. Dev/Prod Parity
Development Q/A Production
= =
https://openliberty.io/guides/microshed-testing.html
https://openliberty.io/guides/containerize.html
https://openliberty.io/guides/containerize-podman.html

59. 10. Administrative processes
12. Admin Processes
https://openliberty.io/guides/kubernetes-intro.html

60. 11. Port Binding
7. Port Binding
Service A Service B Service C
http://<a_dns>:3030 http://<another_dns>:4040 http://<som_other_dns>:5050

61. 11. Port Binding
7. Port Binding
Service A Service B Service C
http://<a_dns>:3030 http://<another_dns>:4040 http://<som_other_dns>:5050
https://openliberty.io/guides/microprofile-rest-client.html

62. 12. Stateless processes
6. Processes
Process A
Process B Process C Process D

63. 12. Stateless processes
6. Processes
Process A
Process B Process C Process D
https://openliberty.io/guides/rest-intro.html

64. 13. Concurrency
8. Concurrency
Web.1
Web.2
Worker.1
Worker.2
Worker.3
Worker.4
Clock.1
Workload diversity (process types)
Scale
(running
processes)

65. 13. Concurrency
8. Concurrency
Web.1
Web.2
Worker.1
Worker.2
Worker.3
Worker.4
Clock.1
Workload diversity (process types)
Scale
(running
processes)
https://openliberty.io/guides/kubernetes-intro.html

66. 12 Factor Apps
https://ibm.biz/12FactorApps

67. Thriving in the
cloud through
the revised 15
factors

68. 15 Factor Apps
https://ibm.biz/15FactorApps

69. Lab Set-Up

70. Labs Available
https://openliberty.io/guides/

71. Lab 1
https://openliberty.io/guides/microprofile-openapi.html

72. 72
Lab Environment

73. 2. API first
NEW
Application Source
Code
Feedback

74. 2. API first
NEW
Application Source
Code
Feedback
https://openliberty.io/guides/microprofile-openapi.html

75. Coffee Break Time
10 Minutes
© 2020 IBM Corporation

76. Workshop Agenda
13:00-13:45 Main Presentation
13:45-13:55 Lab Set Up
13:55-14:20 Lab 1 - OpenAPI
14:20-14:30 BREAK
14:30-15:00 Lab 2 or 3 – Health or Metrics
15:00-15:35 Lab 4 – JWT
15:35-15:45 Wrap Up
15:45-16:00 Remaining Questions

77. 14. Telemetry
NEW
Application

78. 14. Telemetry
NEW
Application
https://openliberty.io/guides/microprofile-metrics.html https://openliberty.io/guides/microprofile-health.html

79. Lab 2
https://openliberty.io/guides/microprofile-health.html
Go Further: https://openliberty.io/guides/kubernetes-microprofile-health.html

80. Lab 3
https://openliberty.io/guides/microprofile-metrics.html

81. 15. Authentication and authorization
NEW
Application
Authorised
User
Unauthorised
User
RBAC verification

82. 15. Authentication and authorization
NEW
Application
Authorised
User
Unauthorised
User
RBAC verification
https://openliberty.io/guides/microprofile-jwt.html

83. Lab 4
https://openliberty.io/guides/microprofile-jwt.html

84. Additional
Labs

85. Summary

86. Summary:
• Twelve-factor applications = great start
• But… to thrive in the cloud, we need to look beyond the 12 factors
• 3 Extra Factors:
• API First, Telemetry and Authentication & Authorisation (Security)
• No excuses!
• Lots of open-source tools and technologies available to help
• Action: Evaluate your own applications against these 15 factors and
consider what you could do to enable them to truly thrive in the cloud

87. Useful Resources
• https://openliberty.io/blog/2019/09/05/12-factor-microprofile-
kubernetes.html
• https://developer.ibm.com/articles/creating-a-12-factor-application-
with-open-liberty/
• https://developer.ibm.com/articles/15-factor-applications/
• https://github.com/OpenLiberty/open-liberty-deep-dive

88. 88
Links and Materials
MicroProfile
• MicroProfile Starter: https://start.microprofile.io/
• What is MicroProfile?
https://developer.ibm.com/components/open-
liberty/series/what-is-microprofile/
• MicroProfile Homepage:
https://projects.eclipse.org/proposals/eclipse-microprofile
Open Liberty
• Open Liberty Starter: https://openliberty.io/start/
• Open Liberty Site: https://openliberty.io/
• Open Liberty Guides: https://openliberty.io/guides
• Open Liberty Docs: https://openliberty.io/docs
Other Useful Links
• Microshed Homepage: https://microshed.org/
• Testcontainers Homepage: https://www.testcontainers.org/
• Jakarta EE Homepage: https://jakarta.ee/
All Open Source!
© 2021 IBM Corporation

89. Connect with us
https://www.linkedin.com/company/openlibertyio/ https://twitter.com/OpenLibertyIO

90. Thank You
Grace Jansen
@gracejansen27
YK Chang
@yeekangc
Jamie Coleman
@Jamie_Lee_C
Rich Haggarty
@ rhagarty8

91. Additional Slides