Hypertension is defined as a systolic blood pressure above 140 mm Hg or a diastolic blood pressure above 90 mm Hg according to WHO-ISH guidelines. Hypertension can be primary (essential), where the cause is unknown or secondary, where it is caused by an underlying condition like kidney disease. Risk factors include age, sex, genetics, and lifestyle factors like obesity, salt intake, alcohol consumption and physical inactivity. Prevention strategies include population-wide efforts to address modifiable risk factors as well as early detection and treatment of individuals with high blood pressure.

1. HYPERTENSION
Saleem. Sayed,
Final M.B.B.S- Part 1.

2. According to WHO-ISH guidelines it can be defined as..
• Both hypertension (defined as 140/90mm Hg or
above) and “high normal” (between 130/85 mm Hg
and 140/90 mm Hg).

3. Category
Systolic BP
(mm of hg)
Diastolic BP
(mm of hg)
Normal
Pre-hypertension
Hypertension
Stage 1
Stage 2
<120
120-139
140-159
>160
<80
80-90
90-99
>100

4. CLASSIFICATION OF HYPERTENSION
• Primary (Essential) hypertension.
• Cause is unknown, accounting for 90% of all
cases.
• Secondary hypertension.
• It is due to underlying cause such as kidney
(chronic glomerulonephritis), tumors of
adrenal gland.

5. “Rule of halves’’
1. The whole community
2. Normotensive subjects
3. Hypertensive subjects
4. Undiagnosed hypertension
5. Diagnosed hypertension
6. Diagnosed but untreated
7. Diagnosed and treated
8. Inadequately treated
9. Adequately treated

6. Non-modifiable Modifiable
1.Age 1.Obesity
2.Sex 2.Salt intake
3.Genetic factors 3.Saturated fat
4.Ethnicity 4.Dietary fibre
5.Alchohol
6.Physical activity
7.Socio-economic status
RISK FACTORS FOR
HYPERTENSION

7. PREVENTION OF
HYPERTENSION
Primary prevention Secondary prevention
1.Population strategy 1.Early case detection
2.High risk strategy 2.Treatment
3.patient compliance