The document discusses relations between the government, labor, and business in Japan after the 1973 and 1979 oil crises. It describes how the "shuntou" system of annual wage negotiations changed, with unions accepting smaller wage increases to maintain competitiveness. Labor unions also shifted focus to policy demands within the existing political system regarding employment security and standards. The document also examines the "Old Boy network" between retired bureaucrats who took positions on corporate boards, facilitating information sharing between government and industry.
For many economists, the labour market is the most important market of all to study, analyse and evaluate. Like product markets for goods and services, labour markets can also fail. The main types of labour market failure are labour immobility including skills gaps, inequality, disincentives to be economically active, labour market discrimination and the effects of monopsony power of employers.
Afton Chemical & Scott Miller: The Renaissance in U.S. ManufacturingAfton Chemical
U.S. Manufacturing has faced decline over the past 20+ years, yet is still central to American economic performance in the future
Technological changes have been a driving force for disruption. Now, however, technology is creating avenues for U.S. manufacturers to boost their productivity, agility, and global competitiveness
Capturing these opportunities will require new capabilities from firms as well as coherent government policies that focus on the future instead of trying to re-create the past
For many economists, the labour market is the most important market of all to study, analyse and evaluate. Like product markets for goods and services, labour markets can also fail. The main types of labour market failure are labour immobility including skills gaps, inequality, disincentives to be economically active, labour market discrimination and the effects of monopsony power of employers.
Afton Chemical & Scott Miller: The Renaissance in U.S. ManufacturingAfton Chemical
U.S. Manufacturing has faced decline over the past 20+ years, yet is still central to American economic performance in the future
Technological changes have been a driving force for disruption. Now, however, technology is creating avenues for U.S. manufacturers to boost their productivity, agility, and global competitiveness
Capturing these opportunities will require new capabilities from firms as well as coherent government policies that focus on the future instead of trying to re-create the past
Presentation by Nidal Bitar, Young Entrepreneurs Association of Jordan, at the 4. Economic Freedom of the Arab World Conference in Marrakech (November 13-15, 2009)
Quantifying the effects of economic distortions on firm level productivity Co...OECD, Economics Department
Quantifying the effects of economic distortions on firm level productivity Correa Cusolito Pena IMF OECD WB product market competition regulation inclusive growth June 2018
In this revision presentation we look at recent trends in UK trade union membership, consider how trade unions can affect both pay and employment and challenge the textbook view that union-negotiated pay increases inevitably have negative consequences for employment.
A Numerology Chart Analysis for Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad, Malaysia's most outstanding Prime Minister, a world-class statesman and outspoken thinker from the East.
download (+) www.umnology.tumblr.com
Ever since he became Prime Minister of Malaysia in July 1981 at the age of 56, Dr. Mahathir Mohamad has exercised an extraordinary dominating influence over his country’s public life. An economic modernizer without fear of registering a scepticism of democracy and human rights, he has bent the politics of Malaysia to his will and in the process has successfully subordinated the constitutional monarchy, the judiciary and the predominant political party, the United Malays National Organization (UMNO) which he has led continuously despite a major
challenge in 1987 which was only narrowly defeated. His sustained political dominance was demonstrated in the way in which he removed his deputy, Anwar Ibrahim, from national and party office in 1998. Indeed, in so doing, he effectively rewrote the rules of Malaysian politics.
Dr. Mahathir is exceptional as a Malay leader in contrast to his three predecessors as Prime Minister. He is not only authoritarian but also highly combative and confrontational and adept at open invective. Such behaviour is out of keeping with Malay cultural style and indeed with the notion of “Asian values” which Dr. Mahathir has espoused. It may be that his medical training as well as his personality has been a factor in shaping a political style that brooks no opposition to his diagnoses and prescriptions. His sense of rectitude in telling Malaysians that they should swallow the equivalent of so many pills a day in their own interest conjures up the image of medical infallibility translated to politics.
Presentation by Nidal Bitar, Young Entrepreneurs Association of Jordan, at the 4. Economic Freedom of the Arab World Conference in Marrakech (November 13-15, 2009)
Quantifying the effects of economic distortions on firm level productivity Co...OECD, Economics Department
Quantifying the effects of economic distortions on firm level productivity Correa Cusolito Pena IMF OECD WB product market competition regulation inclusive growth June 2018
In this revision presentation we look at recent trends in UK trade union membership, consider how trade unions can affect both pay and employment and challenge the textbook view that union-negotiated pay increases inevitably have negative consequences for employment.
A Numerology Chart Analysis for Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad, Malaysia's most outstanding Prime Minister, a world-class statesman and outspoken thinker from the East.
download (+) www.umnology.tumblr.com
Ever since he became Prime Minister of Malaysia in July 1981 at the age of 56, Dr. Mahathir Mohamad has exercised an extraordinary dominating influence over his country’s public life. An economic modernizer without fear of registering a scepticism of democracy and human rights, he has bent the politics of Malaysia to his will and in the process has successfully subordinated the constitutional monarchy, the judiciary and the predominant political party, the United Malays National Organization (UMNO) which he has led continuously despite a major
challenge in 1987 which was only narrowly defeated. His sustained political dominance was demonstrated in the way in which he removed his deputy, Anwar Ibrahim, from national and party office in 1998. Indeed, in so doing, he effectively rewrote the rules of Malaysian politics.
Dr. Mahathir is exceptional as a Malay leader in contrast to his three predecessors as Prime Minister. He is not only authoritarian but also highly combative and confrontational and adept at open invective. Such behaviour is out of keeping with Malay cultural style and indeed with the notion of “Asian values” which Dr. Mahathir has espoused. It may be that his medical training as well as his personality has been a factor in shaping a political style that brooks no opposition to his diagnoses and prescriptions. His sense of rectitude in telling Malaysians that they should swallow the equivalent of so many pills a day in their own interest conjures up the image of medical infallibility translated to politics.
Slides prepared for Cross-Cultural Awareness Programme by UNESCO Korea @ Busan, South Korea.
Original by James Chai Fu Onn
Minor Adaptation by Soon Aik
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
CHAPTER 1Union-Management Relationships in Perspective Outline.docxketurahhazelhurst
CHAPTER 1
Union-Management Relationships in Perspective
Outline
Phases in the Labor Relations Process
The labor relations process includes the following three phases:
Recognition of the legitimate rights and responsibilities of union and management representatives
Negotiation of the labor agreement, including appropriate strategies, tactics, and impasse-resolution techniques
Administration of the negotiated labor agreement—applying and enforcing the terms of the agreement on a daily basis
Characteristics of the labor relations process
The negotiation and administration of work rules vary considerably across public- and private- sector organizations
Are cumulative with each phase depending on the previous phase
Are subject to qualitative variations
Elements in the Labor Relations Process (Exhibit 1.1 indicates these elements)
Focal point of labor relations: work rules (examples of rules are given in Exhibit 1.2)
Pertain to compensation as well as employees' and employers' job rights and obligations (e.g., "justice and dignity," clauses and rules requiring employees to work overtime)
Vary according to their applicability to many occupations and the extent to which they are specific
Reflect the dynamic nature of labor relations as work rule existence and/or consent charges over time (The Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome or AIDS, no smoking, and electronic monitoring of employee performance, for example)
Key participants in the labor relations process
Management officials and consultants
Union officials
Employees who have dual loyalties to both the union and the company
The government—National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), laws
Third party neutrals: mediators and arbitrators
Three basic assumptions underlying U.S. labor relations
The adoption and support of a free enterprise (capitalist) economic system in the United States creates an inherent conflict of interest between employers (owners) and employees. Both employees and employers seek to advance their own self-interests
Employees in a free and democratic society have a right to independently pursue their employment interests using lawful means
Collective bargaining provides a process for meaningful employee participation through independently chosen representatives in the determination of work rules
Basic characteristics of the private-sector U.S. labor relations system (Exhibit 1.3):
A bilateral process (union and management) governed by a framework of labor laws
A highly decentralized and localized bargaining structure
Recognition of key legal principles of majority rule and exclusive bargaining representation
Permits use of economic pressure (e.g., strike, lockout, picketing, and boycott)
Encourages use of final and binding arbitration
Significant employer opposition to employee efforts to organize and bargain collectively
Constraints or influences affecting participants' negotiation and administration of work rules
State of the economy: national, international, and firm-specific indic ...
After World War II ended in 1945, Japan made a new start toward economic reconstruction as a democratic and pacifist state. Thanks to its highly educated and abundant labor force and to the concentration of capital and resources in certain key industries, such as electric power and steel, Japan succeeded in recovering from the ruins of war and achieving industrialization during the 1950s and 1960s.
2012 c32 abn Relation Sandro Suzart SUZART GOOGLE INC United States on Demons...Sandro Suzart
relationship between Sandro Suzart SUZART GOOGLE INC and United States on Demonstrations 2013 and Impeachments of 22 governments Relation Sandro Suzart SUZART GOOGLE INC United States on Demonstrations countries IMPEACHMENT, GOOGLE INC
ALL EYES ON RAFAH BUT WHY Explain more.pdf46adnanshahzad
All eyes on Rafah: But why?. The Rafah border crossing, a crucial point between Egypt and the Gaza Strip, often finds itself at the center of global attention. As we explore the significance of Rafah, we’ll uncover why all eyes are on Rafah and the complexities surrounding this pivotal region.
INTRODUCTION
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Winding up, also known as liquidation, refers to the legal and financial process of dissolving a company. It involves ceasing operations, selling assets, settling debts, and ultimately removing the company from the official business registry.
Here's a breakdown of the key aspects of winding up:
Reasons for Winding Up:
Insolvency: This is the most common reason, where the company cannot pay its debts. Creditors may initiate a compulsory winding up to recover their dues.
Voluntary Closure: The owners may decide to close the company due to reasons like reaching business goals, facing losses, or merging with another company.
Deadlock: If shareholders or directors cannot agree on how to run the company, a court may order a winding up.
Types of Winding Up:
Voluntary Winding Up: This is initiated by the company's shareholders through a resolution passed by a majority vote. There are two main types:
Members' Voluntary Winding Up: The company is solvent (has enough assets to pay off its debts) and shareholders will receive any remaining assets after debts are settled.
Creditors' Voluntary Winding Up: The company is insolvent and creditors will be prioritized in receiving payment from the sale of assets.
Compulsory Winding Up: This is initiated by a court order, typically at the request of creditors, government agencies, or even by the company itself if it's insolvent.
Process of Winding Up:
Appointment of Liquidator: A qualified professional is appointed to oversee the winding-up process. They are responsible for selling assets, paying off debts, and distributing any remaining funds.
Cease Trading: The company stops its regular business operations.
Notification of Creditors: Creditors are informed about the winding up and invited to submit their claims.
Sale of Assets: The company's assets are sold to generate cash to pay off creditors.
Payment of Debts: Creditors are paid according to a set order of priority, with secured creditors receiving payment before unsecured creditors.
Distribution to Shareholders: If there are any remaining funds after all debts are settled, they are distributed to shareholders according to their ownership stake.
Dissolution: Once all claims are settled and distributions made, the company is officially dissolved and removed from the business register.
Impact of Winding Up:
Employees: Employees will likely lose their jobs during the winding-up process.
Creditors: Creditors may not recover their debts in full, especially if the company is insolvent.
Shareholders: Shareholders may not receive any payout if the company's debts exceed its assets.
Winding up is a complex legal and financial process that can have significant consequences for all parties involved. It's important to seek professional legal and financial advice when considering winding up a company.
How to Obtain Permanent Residency in the NetherlandsBridgeWest.eu
You can rely on our assistance if you are ready to apply for permanent residency. Find out more at: https://immigration-netherlands.com/obtain-a-permanent-residence-permit-in-the-netherlands/.
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Introduction-
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1. Relations among the
government, labor
and business
Topical Seminar in Japanese Political Economy
Hang Nguyen – I32031
2. Oil crisis of 1973
Japan: survived
Enjoyed steady economic growth without serious
inflation or high unemployment
Second oil crisis 1979: less troubled than the first
one
Cooperative and ‘rational’ labor unions,
industrial policies and corporate strategy
Transformation of the Shuntou (春闘) system
3. Shuntou (春闘) system (to 1974)
Shuntou: the spring labor offensive – wage negotiation system
A concerted campaign by workers in all industries
National level
Originally proposed in 1954, by K. Ohta (later chairman of
Sohyo)
The most booming industries would lead the year’s
bargaining, the rest would follow the pattern
1969-1974: wage increases by a considerable margin
4.
5. After oil crisis
1974: 32.9% nominal wage increase >< average profit rate of
individual firms decreased drastically.
Typical trade-off: unemployment and inflation
LDP’s study: wage increases (32%) <-> CPI increases (10%)
A new pattern of wage determination and industrial relations
1975: 15 percent of wage increase
1976: less than 10 percent
create favorable economic circumstances + persuasion
6. Labor – politics
Sohyo (General Council of Trade Unions of Japan): try to
change the existing political system as a whole
Domei (Japanese Confederation of Labor) and IMF-JC
(International Metal Workers’ Federation-Japan Council):
approach to change policy within the existing political system
Achievement:
Real wage continuity through tax reduction and anti-inflation
policies
Full employment
7.
8.
9. Labor – politics
Concern employment security
Employment Insurance Law (1974)
Measures to Halt Layoffs in the Structurally Depressed
Industries (1977) Failed, criticized Sohyo’s ‘political’ strike
Employment Stabilization Funds (1977)
Labor Standards Law revision (1984)
WHY?
10.
11. Labor – politics: Explanation
Sohyo: public sector and services industries
Domei & IMF-JC: private sectors -> heavily dependent on export
Wage increases = threaten international competitiveness
Disillusionment with socialism
Support from LDP
moderate in wage demands and active in policy demands
12. The “Old Boy” Network
‘Old Boy’ : retired government officials boardrooms of private
corporations
Network phenomenon
Hypothesis:
“bureaucrat-led economic growth’ mechanism
Small firms need OB for governmental information & lobbying
13. OB standard career path
Bureaucrats: long-term civil servants
Employed annually, ‘vintage’ groups with close contact
Low salary -> dependent on employment after retirement
‘Amakudari’: appointed by National Personnel Authority
Alternatives:
Head of public corporation
Private non-profit associations
Politics
Transfer to further government agency
14. OB mechanism
Personal connections and seniority hierarchies
‘vintage’ meetings
Smooth flow of information
Remain loyal to government
Hypothesis:
Preferential treatment
Government ties with business
Prospect high-paying motivation of second-employment
Power equalization
15.
16.
17. OB network
Distribution:
Commercial banking, investment banking, insurance: <50%
Electronics, automobiles, steel and construction: >75%
Factor: ‘trade industry’ (trade restraints)
VERs in TV sets (1977, U.S.)
VCRs (1983, EC)
Semiconductors (1986-91, U.S.)
Automobiles (1980s, U.S. and EC)
Steel (1980s)
MITI advocated “export control scheme”
18. OB network
Purpose:
Quotas information
Industry competition
Construction case: secret bidding procedures acquiring
information and government price ceilings
Other industries: lobbying is the restrictions imposed by the law
notion of Japanese “consultative capitalism”.