Benzene, toluene and p-xylene are derivatives of benzene, generally produced from crude petroleum and have numerous applications in industry. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on isotopic abundance of these benzene derivatives by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Benzene, toluene and p-xylene samples were divided into two parts: control and treatment. Control part was remained as untreated and treatment part was subjected to Mr. Trivedi’s biofield treatment. Control and treated samples were characterized using GC-MS. GC-MS data revealed that isotopic abundance ratio of 13C/12C or 2H/1H (PM+1/PM) of treated samples were significantly increased from un-substituted to substituted benzene rings (where, PM- primary molecule, PM+1- isotopic molecule either for 13C/12C and/or 2H/1H). The isotopic abundance ratio of 13C/12C or 2H/1H (PM+1/PM) in benzene was decreased significantly by 42.14% as compared to control. However, the isotopic abundance ratio of (PM+1/PM) in treated toluene and p-xylene was significantly increased up to 531.61% and 134.34% respectively as compared to their respective control. Thus, overall data suggest that biofield treatment has significantly altered the isotopic abundance ratio of (PM+1/PM) in a different way for un-substituted and substituted benzenes.
Micellar Effect On Dephosphorylation Of Bis-4-Chloro-3,5-Dimethylphenylphosph...IOSR Journals
The rate enhancement depends on the hydrophobicity of the nucleophile. The micellar catalyzed reaction between bis-4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenylphosphate ester and hydroxide or hydroperoxide anions has been examined in buffered medium (pH 8-10). First order rate constant (Kψ) for the reaction of hydroxide ion with bis-4-CDMPP go through maxima with the increasing concentration of cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide (CTABr). Micelles of CTABr very effective catalyst to the reactions of phosphate diesters. Rate constants measured with OH2- ions are approximately twice and thrice than that of OH- ions in presence of CTABr.
Evaluation of Uptake of Methylene blue dye by Sulphonated biomass of Cicer ar...IOSR Journals
The document evaluates the uptake of methylene blue dye by sulphonated biomass of Cicer arientinum in a batch study. The effect of contact time, sorbent dose, pH, temperature, and initial dye concentration on dye uptake was examined. Equilibrium was reached within 30 minutes, and uptake increased with contact time before leveling off. Uptake capacity decreased with increasing sorbent dose, while percentage removal increased. Uptake also increased with increasing initial dye concentration and pH between 4-6, beyond which it declined. Kinetic, thermodynamic, and isotherm analyses indicated the sorption followed pseudo-second order kinetics and was spontaneous and favorable via physical adsorption mechanisms.
Seminar presentation on heterocyclic scaffoldDarakshan2
This document summarizes a research seminar presentation on the synthesis of benzodiazepine derivatives using multicomponent reactions. The presentation outlines the advantages of multicomponent reactions over traditional multistep reactions, provides a history of notable multicomponent reactions, and summarizes recent research using isocyanide- and non-isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions to synthesize various benzodiazepine derivatives in one pot with good yields. It concludes by outlining future work plans to synthesize additional benzodiazepine derivatives and acknowledges the presenter's supervisor and department for their support.
This document describes the development of a fluorescent probe for sensing thiamine (vitamin B1) based on arginine-functionalized graphene quantum dots (Arg-GQDs). Arg-GQDs were synthesized through a one-pot hydrothermal method using citric acid and arginine as carbon and nitrogen precursors. The Arg-GQDs exhibited strong blue fluorescence with a quantum yield of 28.3%. The fluorescence of the Arg-GQDs was selectively quenched by Ag+ ions and recovered upon addition of thiamine, providing the basis for a fluorescence "off-on" probe for thiamine. Central composite design and response surface methodology were used to optimize the detection conditions, including pH, time
Determination of Riociguat by Oxidative Coupling Using Visible SpectrophotometryRatnakaram Venkata Nadh
This document describes a simple spectrophotometric method developed to determine the drug riociguat in bulk and tablet formulations. The method is based on the oxidation of MBTH by Fe+3 ions in acidic medium, which forms an active coupling species. This species then couples with riociguat to form a chromophore with a maximum absorption at 660 nm. The method was validated according to ICH guidelines and showed good linearity, reproducibility, accuracy, and precision for the determination of riociguat.
Mixed Ligand, Palladium(II) and Platinum(II) Complexes of Tertiary Diphosphin...Karwan Omer
This document summarizes a study that synthesized and characterized mixed ligand palladium(II), platinum(II) complexes with tertiary diphosphine and S-1H benzo[d]imidazole-2-yl benzothioate ligands. The complexes were synthesized in two steps, first forming metal complexes with tertiary diphosphines, then adding the S-1H benzimidazole ligand. The complexes were characterized using techniques such as elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility, and X-ray crystallography. The results indicate the ligand bonds to the metal through the nitrogen atom and the complexes have square planar geometries.
SYNTHESIS, SPECTRAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF MIXED LIGAND COMPLEXES OFCo(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) WITH 4-AMINOANTIPYRINE AND TRIBUTYLPHOSPHINE
A facile and efficient synthesis of some odorant Schiff bases using microwave...Pawan Kumar
Three odorant Schiff bases of methylanthranilate, an aroma constituent of blossom essential oils, with naturally occurring
odorant aldehydes- anisaldehyde, benzaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde employing microwave (MW) irradiation method were
synthesized. Elemental and spectral (FT-IR, 1H-NMR) analysis of these compounds supported their molecular structures.
Olfactory properties of these Schiff bases indicated their suitability for use in various fragrance compositions. These
compounds also showed varied antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus niger, Penicillium chrysogenum, Staphylococcus
aureus and Escherichia coli.
Micellar Effect On Dephosphorylation Of Bis-4-Chloro-3,5-Dimethylphenylphosph...IOSR Journals
The rate enhancement depends on the hydrophobicity of the nucleophile. The micellar catalyzed reaction between bis-4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenylphosphate ester and hydroxide or hydroperoxide anions has been examined in buffered medium (pH 8-10). First order rate constant (Kψ) for the reaction of hydroxide ion with bis-4-CDMPP go through maxima with the increasing concentration of cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide (CTABr). Micelles of CTABr very effective catalyst to the reactions of phosphate diesters. Rate constants measured with OH2- ions are approximately twice and thrice than that of OH- ions in presence of CTABr.
Evaluation of Uptake of Methylene blue dye by Sulphonated biomass of Cicer ar...IOSR Journals
The document evaluates the uptake of methylene blue dye by sulphonated biomass of Cicer arientinum in a batch study. The effect of contact time, sorbent dose, pH, temperature, and initial dye concentration on dye uptake was examined. Equilibrium was reached within 30 minutes, and uptake increased with contact time before leveling off. Uptake capacity decreased with increasing sorbent dose, while percentage removal increased. Uptake also increased with increasing initial dye concentration and pH between 4-6, beyond which it declined. Kinetic, thermodynamic, and isotherm analyses indicated the sorption followed pseudo-second order kinetics and was spontaneous and favorable via physical adsorption mechanisms.
Seminar presentation on heterocyclic scaffoldDarakshan2
This document summarizes a research seminar presentation on the synthesis of benzodiazepine derivatives using multicomponent reactions. The presentation outlines the advantages of multicomponent reactions over traditional multistep reactions, provides a history of notable multicomponent reactions, and summarizes recent research using isocyanide- and non-isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions to synthesize various benzodiazepine derivatives in one pot with good yields. It concludes by outlining future work plans to synthesize additional benzodiazepine derivatives and acknowledges the presenter's supervisor and department for their support.
This document describes the development of a fluorescent probe for sensing thiamine (vitamin B1) based on arginine-functionalized graphene quantum dots (Arg-GQDs). Arg-GQDs were synthesized through a one-pot hydrothermal method using citric acid and arginine as carbon and nitrogen precursors. The Arg-GQDs exhibited strong blue fluorescence with a quantum yield of 28.3%. The fluorescence of the Arg-GQDs was selectively quenched by Ag+ ions and recovered upon addition of thiamine, providing the basis for a fluorescence "off-on" probe for thiamine. Central composite design and response surface methodology were used to optimize the detection conditions, including pH, time
Determination of Riociguat by Oxidative Coupling Using Visible SpectrophotometryRatnakaram Venkata Nadh
This document describes a simple spectrophotometric method developed to determine the drug riociguat in bulk and tablet formulations. The method is based on the oxidation of MBTH by Fe+3 ions in acidic medium, which forms an active coupling species. This species then couples with riociguat to form a chromophore with a maximum absorption at 660 nm. The method was validated according to ICH guidelines and showed good linearity, reproducibility, accuracy, and precision for the determination of riociguat.
Mixed Ligand, Palladium(II) and Platinum(II) Complexes of Tertiary Diphosphin...Karwan Omer
This document summarizes a study that synthesized and characterized mixed ligand palladium(II), platinum(II) complexes with tertiary diphosphine and S-1H benzo[d]imidazole-2-yl benzothioate ligands. The complexes were synthesized in two steps, first forming metal complexes with tertiary diphosphines, then adding the S-1H benzimidazole ligand. The complexes were characterized using techniques such as elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility, and X-ray crystallography. The results indicate the ligand bonds to the metal through the nitrogen atom and the complexes have square planar geometries.
SYNTHESIS, SPECTRAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF MIXED LIGAND COMPLEXES OFCo(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) WITH 4-AMINOANTIPYRINE AND TRIBUTYLPHOSPHINE
A facile and efficient synthesis of some odorant Schiff bases using microwave...Pawan Kumar
Three odorant Schiff bases of methylanthranilate, an aroma constituent of blossom essential oils, with naturally occurring
odorant aldehydes- anisaldehyde, benzaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde employing microwave (MW) irradiation method were
synthesized. Elemental and spectral (FT-IR, 1H-NMR) analysis of these compounds supported their molecular structures.
Olfactory properties of these Schiff bases indicated their suitability for use in various fragrance compositions. These
compounds also showed varied antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus niger, Penicillium chrysogenum, Staphylococcus
aureus and Escherichia coli.
Thermodynamics and adsorption studies of rhodamine-b dye onto organoclayInnspub Net
Thermodynamics and adsorption studies were conducted with a dye of Rhoda mine-B (RB) on organoclay (OC). Adsorption of the dye was investigated with an initial dye concentration at pH 7±0.3, 298, 308 and 318 K. The adsorption experiments were carried out isothermally at three different temperatures. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used to describe the equilibrium data and the results were discussed in details. The thermodynamic parameters such as standard free energy (∆G°), entropy change (∆S°) and enthalpy (∆H°) were calculated for OC. These values showed that adsorption of RB on OC was a spontaneous and endothermic process.
A STUDY TO EVALUATE THE IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND ANTIANDROGENIC E...Dr. Pradeep mitharwal
The present paper deals with synthesis and characterization
of some new chromium (III) Schiff base complexes using microwave irradiation
technique as well as conventional heating. The S∩N donor benzothiazolines, 1-
(2-furanyl) ethanone benzothiazoline (Bzt1N
∩
SH), 1-(2-thienyl) ethanone
benzothiazoline (Bzt2N
∩
SH) and 1-(2-pyridyl) ethanone benzothiazoline
(Bzt3N
∩
SH) were prepared by the condensation of ortho-aminothiophenol with
respective ketones in ethanol.
Bioprocessing and Characterization of Polyhydroxyalkanoate Blends from Cassia...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on blending polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) with another biodegradable polymer called galactomannon to develop new biodegradable polymer blends. PHB was blended with galactomannon in different proportions and the blends were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The molecular weights of PHB and PHB-galactomannon copolymers were also determined and compared to literature values. The results indicate that blending PHB with galactomannon maintains the biodegradability and properties of PHB while modifying its properties, providing a potential method for developing new biodegradable polymers.
IRJET - Factorial Optimization and Peri-Kinetics of Pharmaceutical Effluent C...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimization and kinetics of coag-flocculation of pharmaceutical industry effluent using Pleurotus tuberregium sclerotium tuber. Key findings include:
1) The optimal coag-flocculation conditions for maximum TDSS removal were determined to be pH 13, coagulant dosage of 0.3g/l, and settling time of 40 minutes, achieving 98.68% removal efficiency.
2) Kinetic models were developed and applied to experimental data to determine aggregation rate constant (K) and coagulation period (τ1/2), with maximum values of 2.491E-04 l/g.min and 7E-02 min respectively.
3
Kocuria marina DAGII, a carotenoid producing bacterium, was able to decolorize the toxic triphenyl methane dye malachite green (MG). Experiments showed that MG decolorization decreased with higher initial MG concentrations and increased with higher inoculum sizes of K. marina. Statistical analysis indicated the initial MG concentration had a more significant effect on decolorization than inoculum size. The bacterium's carotenoid β-cryptoxanthin may be involved in the decolorization process.
Curcumin extract nanoparticles: preparation, characterization and antimicrobi...Innspub Net
In recent years, synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles have been increasingly investigated for different medicinal uses. In the present study, we aimed at the biosynthesis of zinc oxide using a curcumin extract. Although, toxic effects of curcumin derivative and zinc oxide nanoparticles in different concentration have been studied specifically on animal models besides the antibacterial activity of synthesized curcumin extract and zinc oxide nanoparticles. The aim of the study was to synthesize extract combined zinc oxide nanoparticles. Methods: The synthesized nanoparticles and extract were characterized for the particle size distribution, morphology, optical properties and surface charge by using UVvisible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), (TEM) and (SEM). Elemental composition and structural properties were studied by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). Results: The synthesized nanoparticles and curcumin were irregular shape and had a size distribution in the range of 50–100 nm. The in vitro toxicity effects of zinc oxide and extract showed no toxic effect with different concentration with antibacterial effect.
Simultaneous Determination of Curcumin and Gefitinib in Pure Form by Using UV...Sagar Savale
Plan: Development and Validation of a method for the UV simultaneous determination of curcumin and Gefitinib.
Preface: U.V Spectrophotometric method have been widely employed in determination of individual components in a mixture or fixed dose combination. For the ternary mixture containing Curcumin and Gefitinib, no spectrophotometric method for simultaneous evaluation has been reported so far. Thus our aim is to develop simultaneous equation method for estimation of the ternary mixture using U.V spectrophotometry.
Methodology: The method was validated as per ICH guidelines. The recovery studies confirmed the accuracy and precision of the method.
Outcome: It was successfully applied for the analysis of the drug in bulk and could be effectively used for the routine analysis.
The document summarizes the synthesis and characterization of a novel glycerol-based non-ionic gemini surfactant. Glycerol was first esterified with cotton seed oil, then reacted with 1,2,7,8-diepoxideoctane to form the gemini surfactant. The surfactant was characterized using FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR spectroscopy and SEM. Testing showed the surfactant had good solubilization and wetting properties.
Dynamic and Equilibrium Studies on the sorption of Basic dye (Basic Brown 4) ...madlovescience
Dynamic and Equilibrium Studies on the sorption of Basic dye (Basic Brown 4) onto Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes Prepared from Renewable Carbon Precursors
Performance of integrated process using fungal strain corialus versicalor mtcIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study on the degradation of three dyes (Quinoline Yellow, Eosin B, and Rose Bengal) using an integrated process of fungal degradation and electrochemical oxidation. The fungal strain Corialus versicalor was found to efficiently decolorize the dyes. Degradation was measured by monitoring chemical oxygen demand (COD), which decreased by over 90% for the treated effluents. Spectral analysis showed reductions in dye absorption after treatment. The integrated process demonstrates potential for treating and reusing textile dye wastewater.
BIOSORPTION OF ZINC (II) IONS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION USING BORASSUS FLABELLIFE...EDITOR IJCRCPS
The effective removal of heavy metals from the sugar industry effluent among the most important issue of the many industrialized
countries. Removal Zn2+ from aqueous solution where studied using palm fiber. Batch adsorption was performed as a function of
pH, initial metal ion concentration, equilibrium time and bio-sorbent dose. The optimum pH obtained from results found to be 5.
The maximum contact time for the equilibrium concentration is 180 minutes. The biosorbent dose of 6g. The maximum efficiency of
removal of metal ion by bio-mass is 79 %.The results are fit exactly by both Langmuir and freundlich isotherm model.
Keywords: Biomass; Biosorption; Isotherm; Kinetics; Removal of Zinc.
Uv radiation assisted photocatalytic transformation of azo dye direct yellow 9eSAT Journals
1. The document summarizes research on using a methylene blue immobilized resin (MBIR) Dowex-11 photocatalyst to transform the azo dye Direct Yellow-9 via UV-assisted photocatalysis.
2. Experiments were conducted to determine the optimum conditions for dye transformation, which achieved 94.60% transformation within 160 minutes. The process followed pseudo-first order kinetics with a rate constant of 1.43*10-2 min-1.
3. The research concludes that MBIR Dowex-11 is a low-cost, highly active photocatalyst that can efficiently catalyze the decolorization of azo dyes like Direct Yellow-9 via generation of reactive oxygen species
This document describes research on using γ-Fe2O3 nanopowder prepared by a low temperature combustion method to remove the toxic azo dye Eriochrome Black T from aqueous solution. Characterization of the nanopowder using powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed it had a hexagonal crystal structure with crystallite size of 30-40 nm and a porous, agglomerated morphology. Adsorption studies on a 10 ppm dye solution found that the maximum dye removal of 70% occurred with 40 mg of γ-Fe2O3 nanopowder over a contact time of 8 minutes.
IRJET- An Investigation Into the Efficacy of Fungal Biomass as a Low Cost...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that investigated the use of dead fungal biomass from Penicillium sp. as a low-cost bioadsorbent for removing lead from aqueous solutions. Batch experiments were conducted to determine the effect of initial lead concentration, adsorbent dose, and contact time on lead adsorption. The maximum adsorption of 78.03% was achieved under optimal conditions of 10 mg/L initial lead concentration, 1 g/L adsorbent dose, and 2 hours contact time. Characterization using SEM-EDX and FTIR analysis provided insights into the adsorption mechanism and surface properties of the fungal biomass that facilitated lead removal. The study demonstrated that dead Penicillium
This document summarizes a study on optimizing the adsorption of methylene blue dye onto sugarcane bagasse using a two-level factorial design. The researchers investigated the effects of contact time, initial dye concentration, shaking rate, and adsorbent dosage on the adsorption capacity of sugarcane bagasse. Their results showed the optimal conditions were 58 minutes contact time, 150 mg/L initial dye concentration, 250 rpm shaking rate, and 0.1 g adsorbent dosage. Under these conditions, the theoretical maximum adsorption capacity closely matched the experimental value. Statistical analysis confirmed the significance of these factors and optimal conditions in maximizing dye removal by sugarcane bagasse.
Studies on Biofield Treated p-Dichlorobenzene | Omicsonlinedeeptimishra10
The aim of present study was to evaluate the impact of biofield energy treatment on physical, thermal, and spectroscopic properties of p-dichlorobenzene.
Physical, Thermal and Spectroscopic Studies on Biofield Treated p-Dichloroben...albertdivis
This research article studied the effects of biofield treatment on para-dichlorobenzene (p-DCB). p-DCB is widely used as a chemical intermediate but has some limitations. X-ray diffraction analysis found an increase in crystallite size of the treated sample compared to the control. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed a reduction in the latent heat of fusion and melting point of the treated p-DCB. Thermogravimetric analysis found an increase in the maximum weight loss temperature of the treated sample, indicating increased thermal stability. However, UV-visible spectroscopy found no changes in the structural properties of the treated p-DCB. Overall, the study found that biofield treatment
Evaluation of Physical, Thermal and Spectroscopic Properties of Biofield Trea...rachelsalk
P-Hydroxyacetophenone (PHAP) is an aromatic ketone derivative that is mainly used in the manufacturing of various pharmaceuticals, flavours, fragrances, etc. In the present study, the impact of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment was analysed on various properties of PHAP viz. crystallite size, surface area, melting temperature, thermal decomposition, and spectral properties. The PHAP sample was divided into two parts; one was kept as control sample while another part was named as treated sample. The treated sample was given the biofield energy treatment and various parameters were analysed as compared to the control sample by X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface area analyser, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), ultravioletvisible (UV-VIS), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The XRD studies showed the decrease in crystallite size of the treated sample (61.25 nm) as compared to the control (84.18 nm); however the intensity of peaks in diffractogram was increased in treated sample. Besides, the surface area of treated sample was decreased by 41.17% as compared to the control. The TGA analysis revealed that onset temperature as well as Tmax (maximum thermal decomposition temperature) was increased in the treated sample. However, the latent heat of fusion (ΔH) was decreased from 124.56 J/g (control) to 103.24 J/g in the treated sample. The treated and control samples were also evaluated by UV-Vis and FT-IR spectroscopy and did not show any significant alteration in spectra of treated sample as compared to the respective control. Hence, the overall results suggest that there was an impact of biofield energy treatment on the physical and thermal properties of PHAP sample.
Evaluation of Physical, Thermal and Spectroscopic Properties of Biofield Trea...wilhelm mendel
P-Hydroxyacetophenone (PHAP) is an aromatic ketone derivative that is mainly used in the manufacturing of various pharmaceuticals, flavours, fragrances, etc. In the present study, the impact of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment was analysed on various properties of PHAP viz. crystallite size, surface area, melting temperature, thermal decomposition, and spectral properties. The PHAP sample was divided into two parts; one was kept as control sample while another part was named as treated sample. The treated sample was given the biofield energy treatment and various parameters were analysed as compared to the control sample by X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface area analyser, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), ultravioletvisible (UV-VIS), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The XRD studies showed the decrease in crystallite size of the treated sample (61.25 nm) as compared to the control (84.18 nm); however the intensity of peaks in diffractogram was increased in treated sample. Besides, the surface area of treated sample was decreased by 41.17% as compared to the control. The TGA analysis revealed that onset temperature as well as Tmax (maximum thermal decomposition temperature) was increased in the treated sample. However, the latent heat of fusion (ΔH) was decreased from 124.56 J/g (control) to 103.24 J/g in the treated sample. The treated and control samples were also evaluated by UV-Vis and FT-IR spectroscopy and did not show any significant alteration in spectra of treated sample as compared to the respective control. Hence, the overall results suggest that there was an impact of biofield energy treatment on the physical and thermal properties of PHAP sample.
Antibiogram Typing and Biochemical Characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae ...albertdivis
The Aim of the present study was to determine the impact of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield treatment on four MDR clinical lab isolates (LS) of K. pneumoniae (LS 2, LS 6, LS 7, and LS 14).
Physicochemical and Spectroscopic Characterization of Biofield Energy Treated...rachelsalk
The p-anisidine is widely used as chemical intermediate in the production of various dyes, pigments, and pharmaceuticals. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of biofield energy treatment on the physicochemical and spectroscopic properties of p-anisidine. The study was performed after dividing the sample in two groups; one was remained as untreated and another was subjected to Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment. Afterward, both the control and treated samples of p-anisidine were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface area analyzer, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis-derivative thermogravimetry (TGA-DTG), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The XRD analysis showed the increase in unit cell volume from 683.81 → 690.18 × 10-24 cm3 and crystallite size from 83.84→84.62 nm in the treated sample with respect to the control. The surface area analysis exhibited the significant increase (25.44%) in the surface area of treated sample as compared to control. The DSC thermogram of control p-anisidine showed the latent heat of fusion and melting temperature and 146.78 J/g and 59.41°C, respectively, which were slightly increased to 148.89 J/g and 59.49°C, respectively after biofield treatment. The TGA analysis showed the onset temperature of thermal degradation at 134.68°C in the control sample that was increased to 150.02°C after biofield treatment. The result showed about 11.39% increase in onset temperature of thermal degradation of treated p-anisidine as compared to the control. Moreover, the Tmax (temperature at which maximum thermal degradation occurs) was also increased slightly from 165.99°C (control) to 168.10°C (treated). This indicated the high thermal stability of treated p-anisidine as compared to the control. However, the FT-IR and UV spectroscopic studies did not show any significant changes in the spectral properties of treated p-anisidine with respect to the control.
Thermodynamics and adsorption studies of rhodamine-b dye onto organoclayInnspub Net
Thermodynamics and adsorption studies were conducted with a dye of Rhoda mine-B (RB) on organoclay (OC). Adsorption of the dye was investigated with an initial dye concentration at pH 7±0.3, 298, 308 and 318 K. The adsorption experiments were carried out isothermally at three different temperatures. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used to describe the equilibrium data and the results were discussed in details. The thermodynamic parameters such as standard free energy (∆G°), entropy change (∆S°) and enthalpy (∆H°) were calculated for OC. These values showed that adsorption of RB on OC was a spontaneous and endothermic process.
A STUDY TO EVALUATE THE IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND ANTIANDROGENIC E...Dr. Pradeep mitharwal
The present paper deals with synthesis and characterization
of some new chromium (III) Schiff base complexes using microwave irradiation
technique as well as conventional heating. The S∩N donor benzothiazolines, 1-
(2-furanyl) ethanone benzothiazoline (Bzt1N
∩
SH), 1-(2-thienyl) ethanone
benzothiazoline (Bzt2N
∩
SH) and 1-(2-pyridyl) ethanone benzothiazoline
(Bzt3N
∩
SH) were prepared by the condensation of ortho-aminothiophenol with
respective ketones in ethanol.
Bioprocessing and Characterization of Polyhydroxyalkanoate Blends from Cassia...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on blending polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) with another biodegradable polymer called galactomannon to develop new biodegradable polymer blends. PHB was blended with galactomannon in different proportions and the blends were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The molecular weights of PHB and PHB-galactomannon copolymers were also determined and compared to literature values. The results indicate that blending PHB with galactomannon maintains the biodegradability and properties of PHB while modifying its properties, providing a potential method for developing new biodegradable polymers.
IRJET - Factorial Optimization and Peri-Kinetics of Pharmaceutical Effluent C...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimization and kinetics of coag-flocculation of pharmaceutical industry effluent using Pleurotus tuberregium sclerotium tuber. Key findings include:
1) The optimal coag-flocculation conditions for maximum TDSS removal were determined to be pH 13, coagulant dosage of 0.3g/l, and settling time of 40 minutes, achieving 98.68% removal efficiency.
2) Kinetic models were developed and applied to experimental data to determine aggregation rate constant (K) and coagulation period (τ1/2), with maximum values of 2.491E-04 l/g.min and 7E-02 min respectively.
3
Kocuria marina DAGII, a carotenoid producing bacterium, was able to decolorize the toxic triphenyl methane dye malachite green (MG). Experiments showed that MG decolorization decreased with higher initial MG concentrations and increased with higher inoculum sizes of K. marina. Statistical analysis indicated the initial MG concentration had a more significant effect on decolorization than inoculum size. The bacterium's carotenoid β-cryptoxanthin may be involved in the decolorization process.
Curcumin extract nanoparticles: preparation, characterization and antimicrobi...Innspub Net
In recent years, synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles have been increasingly investigated for different medicinal uses. In the present study, we aimed at the biosynthesis of zinc oxide using a curcumin extract. Although, toxic effects of curcumin derivative and zinc oxide nanoparticles in different concentration have been studied specifically on animal models besides the antibacterial activity of synthesized curcumin extract and zinc oxide nanoparticles. The aim of the study was to synthesize extract combined zinc oxide nanoparticles. Methods: The synthesized nanoparticles and extract were characterized for the particle size distribution, morphology, optical properties and surface charge by using UVvisible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), (TEM) and (SEM). Elemental composition and structural properties were studied by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). Results: The synthesized nanoparticles and curcumin were irregular shape and had a size distribution in the range of 50–100 nm. The in vitro toxicity effects of zinc oxide and extract showed no toxic effect with different concentration with antibacterial effect.
Simultaneous Determination of Curcumin and Gefitinib in Pure Form by Using UV...Sagar Savale
Plan: Development and Validation of a method for the UV simultaneous determination of curcumin and Gefitinib.
Preface: U.V Spectrophotometric method have been widely employed in determination of individual components in a mixture or fixed dose combination. For the ternary mixture containing Curcumin and Gefitinib, no spectrophotometric method for simultaneous evaluation has been reported so far. Thus our aim is to develop simultaneous equation method for estimation of the ternary mixture using U.V spectrophotometry.
Methodology: The method was validated as per ICH guidelines. The recovery studies confirmed the accuracy and precision of the method.
Outcome: It was successfully applied for the analysis of the drug in bulk and could be effectively used for the routine analysis.
The document summarizes the synthesis and characterization of a novel glycerol-based non-ionic gemini surfactant. Glycerol was first esterified with cotton seed oil, then reacted with 1,2,7,8-diepoxideoctane to form the gemini surfactant. The surfactant was characterized using FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR spectroscopy and SEM. Testing showed the surfactant had good solubilization and wetting properties.
Dynamic and Equilibrium Studies on the sorption of Basic dye (Basic Brown 4) ...madlovescience
Dynamic and Equilibrium Studies on the sorption of Basic dye (Basic Brown 4) onto Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes Prepared from Renewable Carbon Precursors
Performance of integrated process using fungal strain corialus versicalor mtcIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study on the degradation of three dyes (Quinoline Yellow, Eosin B, and Rose Bengal) using an integrated process of fungal degradation and electrochemical oxidation. The fungal strain Corialus versicalor was found to efficiently decolorize the dyes. Degradation was measured by monitoring chemical oxygen demand (COD), which decreased by over 90% for the treated effluents. Spectral analysis showed reductions in dye absorption after treatment. The integrated process demonstrates potential for treating and reusing textile dye wastewater.
BIOSORPTION OF ZINC (II) IONS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION USING BORASSUS FLABELLIFE...EDITOR IJCRCPS
The effective removal of heavy metals from the sugar industry effluent among the most important issue of the many industrialized
countries. Removal Zn2+ from aqueous solution where studied using palm fiber. Batch adsorption was performed as a function of
pH, initial metal ion concentration, equilibrium time and bio-sorbent dose. The optimum pH obtained from results found to be 5.
The maximum contact time for the equilibrium concentration is 180 minutes. The biosorbent dose of 6g. The maximum efficiency of
removal of metal ion by bio-mass is 79 %.The results are fit exactly by both Langmuir and freundlich isotherm model.
Keywords: Biomass; Biosorption; Isotherm; Kinetics; Removal of Zinc.
Uv radiation assisted photocatalytic transformation of azo dye direct yellow 9eSAT Journals
1. The document summarizes research on using a methylene blue immobilized resin (MBIR) Dowex-11 photocatalyst to transform the azo dye Direct Yellow-9 via UV-assisted photocatalysis.
2. Experiments were conducted to determine the optimum conditions for dye transformation, which achieved 94.60% transformation within 160 minutes. The process followed pseudo-first order kinetics with a rate constant of 1.43*10-2 min-1.
3. The research concludes that MBIR Dowex-11 is a low-cost, highly active photocatalyst that can efficiently catalyze the decolorization of azo dyes like Direct Yellow-9 via generation of reactive oxygen species
This document describes research on using γ-Fe2O3 nanopowder prepared by a low temperature combustion method to remove the toxic azo dye Eriochrome Black T from aqueous solution. Characterization of the nanopowder using powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed it had a hexagonal crystal structure with crystallite size of 30-40 nm and a porous, agglomerated morphology. Adsorption studies on a 10 ppm dye solution found that the maximum dye removal of 70% occurred with 40 mg of γ-Fe2O3 nanopowder over a contact time of 8 minutes.
IRJET- An Investigation Into the Efficacy of Fungal Biomass as a Low Cost...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that investigated the use of dead fungal biomass from Penicillium sp. as a low-cost bioadsorbent for removing lead from aqueous solutions. Batch experiments were conducted to determine the effect of initial lead concentration, adsorbent dose, and contact time on lead adsorption. The maximum adsorption of 78.03% was achieved under optimal conditions of 10 mg/L initial lead concentration, 1 g/L adsorbent dose, and 2 hours contact time. Characterization using SEM-EDX and FTIR analysis provided insights into the adsorption mechanism and surface properties of the fungal biomass that facilitated lead removal. The study demonstrated that dead Penicillium
This document summarizes a study on optimizing the adsorption of methylene blue dye onto sugarcane bagasse using a two-level factorial design. The researchers investigated the effects of contact time, initial dye concentration, shaking rate, and adsorbent dosage on the adsorption capacity of sugarcane bagasse. Their results showed the optimal conditions were 58 minutes contact time, 150 mg/L initial dye concentration, 250 rpm shaking rate, and 0.1 g adsorbent dosage. Under these conditions, the theoretical maximum adsorption capacity closely matched the experimental value. Statistical analysis confirmed the significance of these factors and optimal conditions in maximizing dye removal by sugarcane bagasse.
Studies on Biofield Treated p-Dichlorobenzene | Omicsonlinedeeptimishra10
The aim of present study was to evaluate the impact of biofield energy treatment on physical, thermal, and spectroscopic properties of p-dichlorobenzene.
Physical, Thermal and Spectroscopic Studies on Biofield Treated p-Dichloroben...albertdivis
This research article studied the effects of biofield treatment on para-dichlorobenzene (p-DCB). p-DCB is widely used as a chemical intermediate but has some limitations. X-ray diffraction analysis found an increase in crystallite size of the treated sample compared to the control. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed a reduction in the latent heat of fusion and melting point of the treated p-DCB. Thermogravimetric analysis found an increase in the maximum weight loss temperature of the treated sample, indicating increased thermal stability. However, UV-visible spectroscopy found no changes in the structural properties of the treated p-DCB. Overall, the study found that biofield treatment
Evaluation of Physical, Thermal and Spectroscopic Properties of Biofield Trea...rachelsalk
P-Hydroxyacetophenone (PHAP) is an aromatic ketone derivative that is mainly used in the manufacturing of various pharmaceuticals, flavours, fragrances, etc. In the present study, the impact of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment was analysed on various properties of PHAP viz. crystallite size, surface area, melting temperature, thermal decomposition, and spectral properties. The PHAP sample was divided into two parts; one was kept as control sample while another part was named as treated sample. The treated sample was given the biofield energy treatment and various parameters were analysed as compared to the control sample by X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface area analyser, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), ultravioletvisible (UV-VIS), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The XRD studies showed the decrease in crystallite size of the treated sample (61.25 nm) as compared to the control (84.18 nm); however the intensity of peaks in diffractogram was increased in treated sample. Besides, the surface area of treated sample was decreased by 41.17% as compared to the control. The TGA analysis revealed that onset temperature as well as Tmax (maximum thermal decomposition temperature) was increased in the treated sample. However, the latent heat of fusion (ΔH) was decreased from 124.56 J/g (control) to 103.24 J/g in the treated sample. The treated and control samples were also evaluated by UV-Vis and FT-IR spectroscopy and did not show any significant alteration in spectra of treated sample as compared to the respective control. Hence, the overall results suggest that there was an impact of biofield energy treatment on the physical and thermal properties of PHAP sample.
Evaluation of Physical, Thermal and Spectroscopic Properties of Biofield Trea...wilhelm mendel
P-Hydroxyacetophenone (PHAP) is an aromatic ketone derivative that is mainly used in the manufacturing of various pharmaceuticals, flavours, fragrances, etc. In the present study, the impact of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment was analysed on various properties of PHAP viz. crystallite size, surface area, melting temperature, thermal decomposition, and spectral properties. The PHAP sample was divided into two parts; one was kept as control sample while another part was named as treated sample. The treated sample was given the biofield energy treatment and various parameters were analysed as compared to the control sample by X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface area analyser, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), ultravioletvisible (UV-VIS), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The XRD studies showed the decrease in crystallite size of the treated sample (61.25 nm) as compared to the control (84.18 nm); however the intensity of peaks in diffractogram was increased in treated sample. Besides, the surface area of treated sample was decreased by 41.17% as compared to the control. The TGA analysis revealed that onset temperature as well as Tmax (maximum thermal decomposition temperature) was increased in the treated sample. However, the latent heat of fusion (ΔH) was decreased from 124.56 J/g (control) to 103.24 J/g in the treated sample. The treated and control samples were also evaluated by UV-Vis and FT-IR spectroscopy and did not show any significant alteration in spectra of treated sample as compared to the respective control. Hence, the overall results suggest that there was an impact of biofield energy treatment on the physical and thermal properties of PHAP sample.
Antibiogram Typing and Biochemical Characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae ...albertdivis
The Aim of the present study was to determine the impact of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield treatment on four MDR clinical lab isolates (LS) of K. pneumoniae (LS 2, LS 6, LS 7, and LS 14).
Physicochemical and Spectroscopic Characterization of Biofield Energy Treated...rachelsalk
The p-anisidine is widely used as chemical intermediate in the production of various dyes, pigments, and pharmaceuticals. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of biofield energy treatment on the physicochemical and spectroscopic properties of p-anisidine. The study was performed after dividing the sample in two groups; one was remained as untreated and another was subjected to Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment. Afterward, both the control and treated samples of p-anisidine were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface area analyzer, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis-derivative thermogravimetry (TGA-DTG), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The XRD analysis showed the increase in unit cell volume from 683.81 → 690.18 × 10-24 cm3 and crystallite size from 83.84→84.62 nm in the treated sample with respect to the control. The surface area analysis exhibited the significant increase (25.44%) in the surface area of treated sample as compared to control. The DSC thermogram of control p-anisidine showed the latent heat of fusion and melting temperature and 146.78 J/g and 59.41°C, respectively, which were slightly increased to 148.89 J/g and 59.49°C, respectively after biofield treatment. The TGA analysis showed the onset temperature of thermal degradation at 134.68°C in the control sample that was increased to 150.02°C after biofield treatment. The result showed about 11.39% increase in onset temperature of thermal degradation of treated p-anisidine as compared to the control. Moreover, the Tmax (temperature at which maximum thermal degradation occurs) was also increased slightly from 165.99°C (control) to 168.10°C (treated). This indicated the high thermal stability of treated p-anisidine as compared to the control. However, the FT-IR and UV spectroscopic studies did not show any significant changes in the spectral properties of treated p-anisidine with respect to the control.
Physicochemical and Spectroscopic Characterization of Biofield Energy Treated...wilhelm mendel
The p-anisidine is widely used as chemical intermediate in the production of various dyes, pigments, and pharmaceuticals. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of biofield energy treatment on the physicochemical and spectroscopic properties of p-anisidine. The study was performed after dividing the sample in two groups; one was remained as untreated and another was subjected to Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment. Afterward, both the control and treated samples of p-anisidine were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface area analyzer, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis-derivative thermogravimetry (TGA-DTG), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The XRD analysis showed the increase in unit cell volume from 683.81 → 690.18 × 10-24 cm3 and crystallite size from 83.84→84.62 nm in the treated sample with respect to the control. The surface area analysis exhibited the significant increase (25.44%) in the surface area of treated sample as compared to control. The DSC thermogram of control p-anisidine showed the latent heat of fusion and melting temperature and 146.78 J/g and 59.41°C, respectively, which were slightly increased to 148.89 J/g and 59.49°C, respectively after biofield treatment. The TGA analysis showed the onset temperature of thermal degradation at 134.68°C in the control sample that was increased to 150.02°C after biofield treatment. The result showed about 11.39% increase in onset temperature of thermal degradation of treated p-anisidine as compared to the control. Moreover, the Tmax (temperature at which maximum thermal degradation occurs) was also increased slightly from 165.99°C (control) to 168.10°C (treated). This indicated the high thermal stability of treated p-anisidine as compared to the control. However, the FT-IR and UV spectroscopic studies did not show any significant changes in the spectral properties of treated p-anisidine with respect to the control.
Resorcinol is widely used in manufacturing of several drugs and pharmaceutical products that are mainly used
for topical ailments. The main objective of this study is to use an alternative strategy i.e., biofield treatment to alter
the physical, spectral and thermal properties of resorcinol.
This document summarizes four research articles from the Office of Biological and Environmental Research.
The first article compares pretreatment processes using two ionic liquids to pretreat aspen and maple biomass for biofuel production. It finds one ionic liquid increased crystallinity while the other reduced it.
The second isolates five new Pseudomonas strains from soil that can metabolize pentose sugars, with genomes sequenced. This expands options for converting biomass into fuels and chemicals.
The third engineers poplar trees to produce less lignin using a bacterial enzyme, making the biomass easier to break down into sugars for biofuels. It reduces lignin by up to 30% while incorporating cleavable bonds into the lignin.
Acceleration of Lead Phytostabilization by Maize (Zea mays) in Association wi...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— Soil where shooting practices are conducted is extremely contaminated with heavy metals, exclusively by Pb, due to the bullets and bullet fragments. These extreme concentrations of Pb, generate an unfavourable surroundings for agriculture and human health through phytoaccumulation. This study was conducted to assess the possibility of particular bio-amendment, phytostabilization on the reduction of bioavailable Pb in such contaminated soil. Biomass (BM) produced from Gliricidiasepium was used to see its ability to be used in soil remediation together with Maize (Zea mays) as phytostabilizer. A pot experiment was conducted with Maizeby adding BM at three different percentages, 1, 2.5 and 5% (w/w). Soil without amendments served as the control and arranged in a complete randomized design. By maize, translocation rate of heavy metals into crop were determined. After sixth week, grown maize were harvested and analyzed followed by digestion with con.HNO3. The most significant immobilization (p<0.05)>TF in maize. For the treatment 5% BM, PF and TF for Pb are 1.22 and 0.15 respectively. Thereby maize can be considered as a potential phytostabilizer. At the same time efficiency of phytostabilizing nature of maizecan increase together with the application of soil amendment – BM.
Physical and Structural Characterization of Biofield Treated Imidazole Deriva...albertdivis
The Aim of present study was to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on two imidazole derivatives (i.e., imidazole and 2-methylimidazole) by various analytical methods.
Research by Mahendra Kumar Trivedi - Physical, Thermal and Spectroscopic Char...john henrry
Research on Trivedi Effect - The aim of present study was to evaluate the impact of Biofield treatment on physical, thermal and spectroscopic properties of MTA. MTA sample was divided into two groups that served as treated and control. The treated group received Mr. Mahendra Kumar Trivedi’s Biofield treatment.to read nmore visit http://www.academicroom.com/article/physical-thermal-and-spectroscopic-characterization-m-toluic-acid-impact-biofield-treatment-0
Thermal and Physical Properties of Biofield Treated Bile Salt and Proteose Pe...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
Bile salt (BS) and proteose peptone (PP) are important biomacromolecules being produced inside the human body. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of biofield treatment on physicochemical properties of BS and PP. The study was performed in two groups (control and treated). The control group remained as untreated, and biofield treatment was given to treated group. The control and treated BS and PP samples were characterized by particle size analyzer (PSA), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). PSA results showed increase in particle size (d50 and d99) of both treated BS and PP as compared to control. Surface area analysis showed minimal decrease by 1.59%, in surface area of treated BS as compared to control. However, the treated PP showed increase (8%) in surface area as compared to control. DSC characterization showed increase in melting temperature of treated BS as compared to control. Whereas, DSC thermogram of treated PP showed decrease in melting temperature with respect to control. Moreover, the DSC of control and treated PP showed presence of exothermic peaks which were possibly due to protein aggregation. The treated PP showed higher exothermic transition temperature as compared to control. XRD analysis revealed slight reduction in crystalline nature of BS as compared to control. On the other hand, XRD data of control and treated PP showed an amorphous nature. TGA analysis of treated BS showed maximum thermaldecomposition temperature at 22°C which was higher as compared to control sample (106°C). This could be due to biofield treatment which may enhance the thermal stability of treated BS with respect to control. However, the TGA thermogram of treated PP showed decrease in maximum thermal stability as compared to control. The overall results showed that biofield treatment has significantly altered the physical and thermal properties of BS and PP.
Thermal and Physical Properties of Biofield Treated Bile Salt and Proteose Pe...albertdivis
Bile salt (BS) and proteose peptone (PP) are important biomacromolecules being produced inside the human body. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of biofield treatment on physicochemical properties of BS and PP.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
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Estimating the Biodegradation Kinetics by Mixed Culture Degrading Pyrene (Pyr)AZOJETE UNIMAID
This document discusses the biodegradation kinetics of pyrene (Pyr) degradation by a mixed culture. Experiments were conducted to determine the optimal temperature, pH, and Pyr concentrations for degradation. Kinetics experiments were then carried out at 30°C and pH 7 using initial Pyr concentrations ranging from 10-700 ppm. The results showed Pyr concentrations between 100-700 ppm inhibited the mixed culture. Concentrations between 10-100 ppm did not inhibit growth. A first-order rate constant model best described the degradation kinetics, with the highest rate (0.0487 mg/Lh) at 20 ppm Pyr. On average, the mixed culture could degrade over 0.0696 p
This study investigated the use of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) biosynthesized using Spirulina platensis microalgae for removal of methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solutions. The IONPs were characterized through various analyses. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to determine the effects of pH, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, contact time, and temperature on MB removal. Maximum adsorption capacity of 312.5 mg/g was achieved at pH 10.4. Kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order rate equation model and equilibrium data fit the Langmuir isotherm model well. Thermodynamics indicated the endothermic nature of adsorption. Microwave-assisted
Influence of Biofield Treatment on Physicochemical Properties of Hydroxyethyl...albertdivis
Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) are widely explored as excipients to improve the solubility of poorly water soluble drugs and to improve self-life of dosage form. This work is an attempt to modulate the physicochemical properties of these cellulose derivatives using biofield treatment.
Similar to Isotopic Abundance Analysis of Biofield Treated Benzene, Toluene and p-Xylene Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) (20)
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
BREEDING METHODS FOR DISEASE RESISTANCE.pptxRASHMI M G
Plant breeding for disease resistance is a strategy to reduce crop losses caused by disease. Plants have an innate immune system that allows them to recognize pathogens and provide resistance. However, breeding for long-lasting resistance often involves combining multiple resistance genes
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
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during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
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Abnormal or anomalous secondary growth in plants. It defines secondary growth as an increase in plant girth due to vascular cambium or cork cambium. Anomalous secondary growth does not follow the normal pattern of a single vascular cambium producing xylem internally and phloem externally.
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...AbdullaAlAsif1
The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
2. Citation: Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Saikia G, et al. (2015) Isotopic Abundance Analysis of Biofield Treated Benzene, Toluene and
p-Xylene Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Mass Spectrom Purif Tech 1: 102. doi:10.4172/2469-9861.1000102
Page 2 of 6
Rcontrol
Isotopicabundanceratio(%)
RTreated Rcontrol
100 (1)
Where, RTreated and RControl are the ratio of intensity at PM+1 to PM in
mass spectra of treated and control samplesrespectively.
Resultsand Discussion
GC-MS Spectroscopy
The mass spectra of control and treated samples of benzene, toluene
and p-xylene are shown in (Figures 2-10).
GC-MS spectra of benzene: Base peak was observed at m/z=78 in
control and treated samples (T1 and T2) (Figure 2), whereas in T3
sample, the most intense peak was found at m/z=77 (Figure 3). The
intensity ratio of PM+1 and PM peaks are presented in (Table 2). Three
major peaks at m/z=50, 39 and 26 were observed in control benzene
sample due to degradation of benzene to C4H2, C3H3 and C2H2 ions.
Peak at m/z=50 in control was observed after leaving an ethylene
fragment from benzene. Benzene after breaking into two equal parts
showed peak at m/z=39 in control. Finally, acetylene was produced in
benzene fragmentation which was seen at m/z=26 in control. More
importantly the treated benzene samples were fragmented in to four
major peaks at m/z=63, 50, 39 and 26. Three peaks (except peak at m/
z=63) were same for both treated and control samples of benzene. This
peak at m/z=63 was responsible for leaving one methyl group after ring
opening (due to C5H3) [27].
Isotopic abundance ratio of 13C/12C, or 2H/1H (PM+1/PM) in
Trivedi Effect®, which known to alter the physical, structural and atomic
properties in various metals [14-16] and ceramics [17,18] in material
science. Additionally, biofield treatment has been studied in the field
of microbiology [19,12], biotechnology [20,21], and agriculture [22-
24]. We have reported that biofield treatment has substantial altered
the atomic, structural and physical properties in silicon carbides [25]
and carbon allotropes [26]. Based on the outstanding results achieved
by biofield treatment on metals and ceramics, an attempt was made to
evaluate the effect of biofield treatment on isotopic abundance ratio of
either 13C/12C or 2H/1H (i.e., PM+1/PM) in treated samples of benzene,
toluene and p-xylene as compared tocontrol.
Experimental
Benzene was procured from Qualigens Fine Chemicals, India.
Toluene was procured from Merck India and p-xylene was procured
from Research lab,India.
Biofield treatment modalities
Benzene derivatives (Benzene, Toluene and p-xylene) were taken
in this experiment for biofield treatment. The compounds were divided
into two parts named as control and treated. No treatment was given
to this set. The second set (T1, T2, and T3) of benzene derivatives was
handed over to Mr. Trivedi for biofield energy treatment under
standard laboratory conditions. Mr. Trivedi provided the biofield
treatment through his energy transmission process to second sets of
samples without touching the samples. After treatment, the treated
samples were stored at standard conditions for GC-MS analysis as per
the standard protocol. An optimum precautionary measure was taken
throughout the experiment. The experimental results in treated groups
were analysed and compared with the untreated (control)set.
GC-MS spectroscopy
The gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis was
performed on Perkin Elmer/auto system XL with Turbo mass, USA,
having detection limit up to 1 picogram. For GC-MS analysis the treated
sample was further divided into three parts as T1, T2 and T3. The GC-
MS data was obtained in the form of % abundance vs. mass to charge
ratio (m/z), which is known as mass spectrum. The isotopic abundance
ratio of 13C/12C or 2H/1H (PM+1/PM) was expressed by its deviation in
treated samples as compared to the control. The percentage change in
PM+1/PM isotopic ratio was calculated on a percentage scale. The
values PM+1/PM of treated samples were calculated from the following
formula:
CH3 CH3
Benzene
Mwt. 78
Toluene
Mwt. 92
CH3
p-Xylene
Mwt. 106
Figure 1: Structure of benzene, toluene and p-xylene.
Figure 2: GC-MS spectra of control and treated (C and T1) samples of benzene.
Mass Spectrom Purif Tech
ISSN: 2469-9861 MSO, an open access journal
Volume 1 • Issue 1 • 1000102
3. Citation: Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Saikia G, et al. (2015) Isotopic Abundance Analysis of Biofield Treated Benzene, Toluene and
p-Xylene Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Mass Spectrom Purif Tech 1: 102. doi:10.4172/2469-9861.1000102
Page 3 of 6
control and treated benzene was calculated and presented in the
(Figure 4). In the bar diagram, the isotopic abundance ratio of PM+1/
PM of treated benzene ring was decreased up to 42.14% after biofield
treatment as compared to control. In mass spectrum, number of stable
fragments were increased by one (3→4 peaks from control to treated)
in treated sample of benzene as compared to control. The decreased
isotopic abundance ratio of PM+1/PM in treated benzene (Figure 4)
samples may be due to decrease µ (reduced mass) and binding energy
in molecules with lighterisotopes.
GC-MS spectra of toluene: Molecular ion peak was observed at
m/z=92 in both control and as well as treated samples with different
intensity ratio (Figures 5-6). The intensity ratio of PM peak and PM+1
peak are given in (Table 3). Other than the base peak, four major peaks
at m/z=63, 51, 39, and 26 were observed for both control and treated
samples of toluene due to C5H3, C4H2, C3H3 and C2H2 ions, respectively.
Peak at m/z=63 was observed due to fragmentation of toluene to C5H3
and ethylene. Peak at m/z=51 was observed after leaving an ethylene and
methyl fragment during the process of toluene fragmentation. One low
intensity peak at m/z=77 was observed due to the formation of benzyl
ion (C6H5) which was further degraded to propa-1,2-diene radicals and
acetylene, responsible for the intense peak at m/z=39 and m/z=26 and
respectively. Fragmentation pattern and number of fragmented peaks
were same for control and treated toluene samples. Isotopic abundance
ratio of 13C/12C, or 2H/1H (PM+1/PM) of control and treated toluene
was calculated and presented as bar diagram in the Figure 7. In the
bar diagram, the isotopic abundance ratio of PM+1/PM of treated
toluene was increased significantly up to 531.61% (in T1) after biofield
treatment as compared to control. Atoms taking part in chemical bonds
with higher isotopic number might have higher binding energy with
increased µ (reduced mass) and vice versa. Thus the increased isotopic
abundance ratio of PM+1/PM in toluene might increase the reduced
mass and binding energy after biofield treatment that may enhance the
stability of toluene significantly[28].
GC-MS spectra of p-xylene: Molecular ion peak was observed at
m/z=106 in both control and treated samples with different intensity
ratio (Figures 8-9). The intensity ratio of PM+1 and PM peaks are given
in (Table 4). Other than the molecular ion peak (at m/z=106), six major
peaks at m/z=91, 77, 63, 51, 39, and 26 were observed in both control
and treated samples of p-xylene in the mass spectrum due to C7H7,
C6H5, C5H3, C4H2, C3H3 and C2H2 ions, respectively. We have already
discussed about the origin of all six peaks following the degradation
pattern of benzene and toluene for both control and treated in toluene.
Figure 3: GC-MS spectra of treated (T2 and T3) samples of benzene.
Figure 4: Percent change in isotopic abundance ratio of (PM+1/PM) in
treated samples of benzene (T1, T2 and T3).
Compound
(M.wt.)
Mixed with petrol
(%)
Environment
(ppb)
WHO permissible limit
(ppb)
World production (million
tons)
Benzene(78) 1-2 0.6-106 10 8-10
Toluene (92) 5-8 6-350 700 5-10
p-xylene (106) 7-10 0.6-178 500 10-15
Mass Spectrom Purif Tech
ISSN: 2469-9861 MSO, an open access journal
Volume 1 • Issue 1 • 1000102
Table 1: Benzene, toluene and p-xylene compounds with production, utility and pollution data.
Parameter Control T1 T2 T3
Peak Intensity at m/z=78 (PM) 100 100 100 26
Peak Intensity at m/z=79 (PM+1) 26.59 26.36 19 4
Ratio of peak intensity (PM+1/PM) at m/z=79 to m/z= 78 0.27 0.26 0.19 0.15
Table 2: GC-MS isotopic abundance analysis result of benzene.
Parameter Control T1 T2 T3
Peak Intensity at m/z=92 (PM) 60.45 21.80 71.41 72.94
Peak Intensity at m/z=93 (PM+1) 8.32 17.24 10.33 14.84
Ratio of peak intensity (PM+1/PM) at m/z=92 to m/z=93 0.13 0.79 0.14 0.20
Table 3: GC-MS isotopic abundance analysis result of toluene.
4. Citation: Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Saikia G, et al. (2015) Isotopic Abundance Analysis of Biofield Treated Benzene, Toluene and
p-Xylene Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Mass Spectrom Purif Tech 1: 102. doi:10.4172/2469-9861.1000102
Page 4 of 6
Fragmentation pattern and number fragmented peaks were same (total
7 peaks) for control and treated p-xylene samples. Isotopic abundance
ratio of 13C/12C, or 2H/1H (PM+1/PM) of control and treated p-xylene
were calculated and presented in the Figure 10. In the bar diagram, the
isotopic abundance ratio of PM+1/PM oftreated p-xylene was increased
up to 134.34% (for T1) after biofield treatment as compared to control.
Increased isotopic abundance ratio of PM+1/PM in treated samples of
p-xylene may increase binding energy of respective bonds which might
increase chemical stability of p-xylene. This suggested that, 12C and 1H
atoms in treated toluene and p-xylene probably transformed into 13C
and 2
H, respectively by capturing one neutron thereby increased the
ratio. The inter-conversion of 13
C and 12
C can be possible if a nuclear
level reaction including the neutron and proton occurr after biofield
treatment. Thus, it is assumed that biofield treatment possibly induced
the nuclear level reactions, which may lead to alter the 13
C/12
C in
treated benzene, toluene and p-xylene samples. Possibly, in benzene,
toluene and p-xylene molecules, various bonds might present such as
12C-12C, 1H-12C, 13C-12C, 2H-12C, 1H-13C, 2H-13C and 13C-13C. Reduced
mass is calculated and presented in (Table 5). It is seen from the table
that µ (reduced mass) of normal 12C-12C and 1H-12C bond was 6 and
0.923, respectively. It showed that reduced mass is increased in case of
heavier isotope (i.e., 13
C-13
C=6.5, 2
H-13
C=1.04). It may enhance the
bond strength, stability, and binding energy of toluene and p-xylene
molecules [29].
Conclusions
In summary, the biofield treatment has significantly changed the
isotopic ratio of (PM+1/PM) in benzene, toluene and p-xylene. Benzene
molecule with lower isotopic ratio of (PM+1/PM), might have lower
stability due to the decreased µ (reduced mass) and binding energy in
molecules with lighter isotopes. In case of toluene and p-xylene, the
isotopic abundance ratio of (PM+1/PM) treated samples increased
significantly as compared to control. The increased isotopic abundance
may increase the binding energy of the chemical bonds in toluene and
p-xylene, with increased µ(reduced mass). The observed fragmentation
pattern and number of fragmented peaks in mass spectra were same for
control and treated toluene and p-xylene samples. These nuclear level
transformations of 12C→13C or 1H→2H, were observed which probably
induced through biofield treatment. Benzene was less frequently
Figure 5: GC-MS spectra of control and treated (C and T1) samples of
toluene.
Figure 6: GC-MS spectra of treated (T2 and T3) samples of toluene.
Parameter Control T1 T2 T3
Peak Intensity at m/z=106 (PM) 78.74 76.63 80.36 81.87
Peak Intensity at m/z=107 (PM+1) 12.15 27.71 15.51 22.64
Ratio of peak intensity (PM+1/PM) at m/z=107 to m/z=106 0.15 0.36 0.19 0.27
Table 4: GC-MS isotopic abundance analysis result of p-xylene.
Isotopes Bonds Isotope type Reduced mass (m m /(m + m )
A B A B
12
C-12
C Lighter 6.00
13
C-12
C Heavier 6.26
1
H-12
C Lighter 0.923
1
H-13
C Heavier 0.929
2
H-13
C Lighter 1.04
13
C-13
C Heavier 6.5
2
H-12
C Lighter 1.71
Table 5: Possible isotopic and non-isotopic bonds and calculated values of µ in
A B
benzene, toluene and p-xylene. m : Mass of atom A; m : Mass of atom B; Here, A
may be C or H and so on.
1 0 0
0
%changein
PM+1
531.61 Toluene (treated)
6 0 0
5 0 0
4 0 0
3 0 0
2 0 0
62.49
15.53
T 1 T 2
T 3
Figure 7: Percent change in isotopic abundance ratio of (PM+1/PM) in treated
samples of toluene (T1, T2 andT3).
Mass Spectrom Purif Tech
ISSN: 2469-9861 MSO, an open access journal
Volume 1 • Issue 1 • 1000102
5. Citation: Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Saikia G, et al. (2015) Isotopic Abundance Analysis of Biofield Treated Benzene, Toluene and
p-Xylene Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Mass Spectrom Purif Tech 1: 102. doi:10.4172/2469-9861.1000102
Page 5 of 6
Figure 8: GC-MS spectra of control and treated (C and T1) samples of
p-xylene.
79.21
0
60
30
120
90
150
%changein
PM+1
Xylene (treated)
134.34
25.08
T1 T2 T3
Figure 10: Percent change in isotopic abundance ratio of (PM+1/PM) in
treated samples of p-xylene (T1, T2 andT3).
degraded bio-chemically than substituted aromatics i.e., toluene and
p-xylene. The decreased isotopic ratio of (PM+1/PM) of benzene after
biofield treatment might reduce its stability which could be helpful for
biodegradation of benzene in bioremediation of benzene contaminated
aquifers. On the contrary increased isotopic ratio of (PM+1/PM) in
toluene and p-xylene may increase the stability of toluene and p-xylene
may be useful as ingredient ofgasoline.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge the whole team of Sophisticated
Analytical Instrument Facility (SAIF), Nagpur and MGV Pharmacy College, Nasik
for providing the instrumental facility. We are very grateful for the support of Trivedi
Science, Trivedi Master Wellness and Trivedi Testimonials in this research work.
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Citation: Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Saikia G, et al. (2015)
Isotopic Abundance Analysis of Biofield Treated Benzene, Toluene and p-
Xylene Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Mass
Spectrom Purif Tech 1: 102. doi:10.4172/2469-9861.1000102
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