ISO/IEC 17025 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories is the main ISO/IEC standard used by testing and calibration laboratories. In most countries, ISO/IEC 17025 is the standard for which most labs must hold accreditation in order to be deemed technically competent. In many cases, suppliers and regulatory authorities will not accept test or calibration results from a lab that is not accredited. Originally known as ISO/IEC Guide 25, ISO/IEC 17025 was initially issued by ISO/IEC in 1999. There are many commonalities with the ISO 9000 standard, but ISO/IEC 17025 is more specific in requirements for competence and applies directly to those organizations that produce testing and calibration results and is based on somewhat more technical principles. Laboratories use ISO/IEC 17025 to implement a quality system aimed at improving their ability to consistently produce valid results. It is also the basis for accreditation from an accreditation body.
There have been three releases; in 1999, 2005 and 2017. The most significant changes between the 1999 and 2005 release were a greater emphasis on the responsibilities of senior management, explicit requirements for continual improvement of the management system itself, and communication with the customer. It also aligned more closely with the 2000 version of ISO 9001
ISO/IEC 17025 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories is the main ISO/IEC standard used by testing and calibration laboratories. In most countries, ISO/IEC 17025 is the standard for which most labs must hold accreditation in order to be deemed technically competent. In many cases, suppliers and regulatory authorities will not accept test or calibration results from a lab that is not accredited. Originally known as ISO/IEC Guide 25, ISO/IEC 17025 was initially issued by ISO/IEC in 1999. There are many commonalities with the ISO 9000 standard, but ISO/IEC 17025 is more specific in requirements for competence and applies directly to those organizations that produce testing and calibration results and is based on somewhat more technical principles. Laboratories use ISO/IEC 17025 to implement a quality system aimed at improving their ability to consistently produce valid results. It is also the basis for accreditation from an accreditation body.
The PPT explain about the NABL and accreditation process according to the ISO 17025. And how you will get benefited with the NABL/ISO 17025 accreditation for your Lab.
ISO/IEC 17025 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories is the main ISO/IEC standard used by testing and calibration laboratories. In most countries, ISO/IEC 17025 is the standard for which most labs must hold accreditation in order to be deemed technically competent. In many cases, suppliers and regulatory authorities will not accept test or calibration results from a lab that is not accredited. Originally known as ISO/IEC Guide 25, ISO/IEC 17025 was initially issued by ISO/IEC in 1999. There are many commonalities with the ISO 9000 standard, but ISO/IEC 17025 is more specific in requirements for competence and applies directly to those organizations that produce testing and calibration results and is based on somewhat more technical principles. Laboratories use ISO/IEC 17025 to implement a quality system aimed at improving their ability to consistently produce valid results. It is also the basis for accreditation from an accreditation body.
The PPT explain about the NABL and accreditation process according to the ISO 17025. And how you will get benefited with the NABL/ISO 17025 accreditation for your Lab.
Accreditation is the independent, third-party evaluation of a conformity assessment body (such as certification body, inspection body or laboratory) against recognised standards, conveying formal demonstration of its impartiality and competence to carry out specific conformity assessment tasks (such as certification, inspection and testing)
Accreditation bodies are established in many economies with the primary purpose of ensuring that conformity assessment bodies are subject to oversight by an authoritative body. Accreditation bodies, that have been peer evaluated as competent, sign regional and international arrangements to demonstrate their competence. These accreditation bodies then assess and accredit conformity assessment bodies to the relevant standards.
These standards are guidelines on how to document the processes in specific industries. The goal is consistency and a set of complete, easy to follow instructions. ISO 9000 is a set of five guideline standards that define the requirements for an effective quality management system.
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ISO 17025 Certification In Oman, laboratories must be ISO 17025 certified in order to test and calibrate their equipment. This is one of the management systems that the International Organization for Standardization published in 2000.
Cloud computing security or, more simply, cloud security refers to a broad set of policies, technologies, applications, and controls utilized to protect virtualized IP, data, applications, services, and the associated infrastructure of cloud computing. It is a sub-domain of computer security, network security, and, more broadly, information security.
Security issues associated with the cloud
Cloud computing and storage provide users with capabilities to store and process their data in third-party data centers Organizations use the cloud in a variety of different service models (with acronyms such as SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS) and deployment models (private, public, hybrid, and community).
Security concerns associated with cloud computing are typically categorized in two ways: as security issues faced by cloud providers (organizations providing software-, platform-, or infrastructure-as-a-service via the cloud) and security issues faced by their customers (companies or organizations who host applications or store data on the cloud). The responsibility is shared, however, and is often detailed in a cloud provider's "shared security responsibility model" or "shared responsibility model." The provider must ensure that their infrastructure is secure and that their clients’ data and applications are protected, while the user must take measures to fortify their application and use strong passwords and authentication measures.
When an organization elects to store data or host applications on the public cloud, it loses its ability to have physical access to the servers hosting its information. As a result, potentially sensitive data is at risk from insider attacks. According to a 2010 Cloud Security Alliance report, insider attacks are one of the top seven biggest threats in cloud computing. Therefore, cloud service providers must ensure that thorough background checks are conducted for employees who have physical access to the servers in the data center. Additionally, data centers are recommended to be frequently monitored for suspicious activity.
A fire marshal's duties vary by location. Fire marshals may carry a weapon, wear a badge, wear a uniform or plain clothes, can drive marked or unmarked cars, and make arrests pertaining to arson and related offenses, or, in other localities, may have duties entirely separate from law enforcement, including building- and fire-code-related inspections. In many areas, the fire marshal is responsible for enforcing laws concerning flammable materials
Accreditation is the independent, third-party evaluation of a conformity assessment body (such as certification body, inspection body or laboratory) against recognised standards, conveying formal demonstration of its impartiality and competence to carry out specific conformity assessment tasks (such as certification, inspection and testing)
Accreditation bodies are established in many economies with the primary purpose of ensuring that conformity assessment bodies are subject to oversight by an authoritative body. Accreditation bodies, that have been peer evaluated as competent, sign regional and international arrangements to demonstrate their competence. These accreditation bodies then assess and accredit conformity assessment bodies to the relevant standards.
These standards are guidelines on how to document the processes in specific industries. The goal is consistency and a set of complete, easy to follow instructions. ISO 9000 is a set of five guideline standards that define the requirements for an effective quality management system.
What are the Advantages of ISO 17025 certification in Oman? What are the Req...rakshithmv1
ISO 17025 Certification In Oman, laboratories must be ISO 17025 certified in order to test and calibrate their equipment. This is one of the management systems that the International Organization for Standardization published in 2000.
Cloud computing security or, more simply, cloud security refers to a broad set of policies, technologies, applications, and controls utilized to protect virtualized IP, data, applications, services, and the associated infrastructure of cloud computing. It is a sub-domain of computer security, network security, and, more broadly, information security.
Security issues associated with the cloud
Cloud computing and storage provide users with capabilities to store and process their data in third-party data centers Organizations use the cloud in a variety of different service models (with acronyms such as SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS) and deployment models (private, public, hybrid, and community).
Security concerns associated with cloud computing are typically categorized in two ways: as security issues faced by cloud providers (organizations providing software-, platform-, or infrastructure-as-a-service via the cloud) and security issues faced by their customers (companies or organizations who host applications or store data on the cloud). The responsibility is shared, however, and is often detailed in a cloud provider's "shared security responsibility model" or "shared responsibility model." The provider must ensure that their infrastructure is secure and that their clients’ data and applications are protected, while the user must take measures to fortify their application and use strong passwords and authentication measures.
When an organization elects to store data or host applications on the public cloud, it loses its ability to have physical access to the servers hosting its information. As a result, potentially sensitive data is at risk from insider attacks. According to a 2010 Cloud Security Alliance report, insider attacks are one of the top seven biggest threats in cloud computing. Therefore, cloud service providers must ensure that thorough background checks are conducted for employees who have physical access to the servers in the data center. Additionally, data centers are recommended to be frequently monitored for suspicious activity.
A fire marshal's duties vary by location. Fire marshals may carry a weapon, wear a badge, wear a uniform or plain clothes, can drive marked or unmarked cars, and make arrests pertaining to arson and related offenses, or, in other localities, may have duties entirely separate from law enforcement, including building- and fire-code-related inspections. In many areas, the fire marshal is responsible for enforcing laws concerning flammable materials
"Hygienist" redirects here. For specific kinds of hygienist, see Industrial hygienist and Dental hygienist.
For the social movement, see Social hygiene. For the community in the United States, see Hygiene, Colorado.
Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) Specialist Certification.pdfdemingcertificationa
Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA; often written with "failure modes" in plural) is the process of reviewing as many components, assemblies, and subsystems as possible to identify potential failure modes in a system and their causes and effects. For each component, the failure modes and their resulting effects on the rest of the system are recorded in a specific FMEA worksheet. There are numerous variations of such worksheets. An FMEA can be a qualitative analysis, but may be put on a quantitative basis when mathematical failure rate models are combined with a statistical failure mode ratio database. It was one of the first highly structured, systematic techniques for failure analysis. It was developed by reliability engineers in the late 1950s to study problems that might arise from malfunctions of military systems. An FMEA is often the first step of a system reliability study.
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national
standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is
normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a
subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on
that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison
with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC
Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member
bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the
subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
ISO 16059 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 106, Dentistry, Subcommittee
SC 3, Terminology.
ISO 13485 Medical devices -- Quality management systems -- Requirements for regulatory purposes is a voluntary standard, published by International Organization for Standardization (ISO) for the first time in 1996, and contains a comprehensive quality management system for the design and manufacture of medical devices. The latest version of this standard supersedes earlier documents such as EN 46001 (1993 and 1996) and EN 46002 (1996), the previously published ISO 13485 (1996 and 2003), and ISO 13488 (also 1996).
The current ISO 13485 edition was published on 1 March 2016.
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Human resource management (HRM or HR) is the strategic approach to the effective and efficient management of people in a company or organization such that they help their business gain a competitive advantage. It is designed to maximize employee performance in service of an employer's strategic objectives. Human resource management is primarily concerned with the management of people within organizations, focusing on policies and systems. HR departments are responsible for overseeing employee-benefits design, employee recruitment, training and development, performance appraisal, and reward management, such as managing pay and employee-benefits systems. HR also concerns itself with organizational change and industrial relations, or the balancing of organizational practices with requirements arising from collective bargaining and governmental laws.
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ISO 16061:2015 specifies general requirements for instruments to be used in association with non-active surgical implants. These requirements apply to instruments when they are manufactured and when they are resupplied after refurbishment.
This International Standard also applies to instruments which may be connected to power-driven systems, but does not apply to the power-driven systems themselves.
With regard to safety, this International Standard gives requirements for intended performance, design attributes, materials, design evaluation, manufacture, sterilization, packaging, and information supplied by the manufacturer.
This International Standard is not applicable to instruments associated with dental implants, transendodontic and transradicular implants, and ophthalmic implants.
Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) is a process level improvement training and appraisal program. Administered by the CMMI Institute, a subsidiary of ISACA, it was developed at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU). It is required by many U.S. Government contracts, especially in software development. CMU claims CMMI can be used to guide process improvement across a project, division, or an entire organization. CMMI defines the following maturity levels for processes: Initial, Managed, Defined, Quantitatively Managed, and Optimizing. Version 2.0 was published in 2018 (Version 1.3 was published in 2010, and is the reference model for the remaining information in this wiki article). CMMI is registered in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office by CMU.
In general, compliance means conforming to a rule, such as a specification, policy, standard or law. Compliance has traditionally been explained by reference to the deterrence theory, according to which punishing a behavior will decrease the violations both by the wrongdoer (specific deterrence) and by others (general deterrence). This view has been supported by economic theory, which has framed punishment in terms of costs and has explained compliance in terms of a cost-benefit equilibrium (Becker 1968). However, psychological research on motivation provides an alternative view: granting rewards (Deci, Koestner and Ryan, 1999) or imposing fines (Gneezy Rustichini 2000) for a certain behavior is a form of extrinsic motivation that weakens intrinsic motivation and ultimately undermines compliance.
AS9100 is a widely adopted and standardized quality management system for the aerospace industry. It was released in October, 1999, by the Society of Automotive Engineers and the European Association of Aerospace Industries.
AS9100 replaces the earlier AS9000 and fully incorporates the entirety of the current version of ISO 9001, while adding requirements relating to quality and safety. Major aerospace manufacturers and suppliers worldwide require compliance and/or registration to AS9100 as a condition of doing business with them.
Product certification or product qualification is the process of certifying that a certain
product has passed performance tests and quality assurance tests, and meets
qualification criteria stipulated in contracts, regulations, or specifications (sometimes
called "certification schemes" in the product certification industry).
Most product certification bodies (or product certifiers) are accredited to or aligned with
ISO/IEC 17065 Conformity assessment -- Requirements for bodies certifying products,
processes and services (previously ISO/IEC Guide 65:1996) an international standard
for ensuring competence in those organizations performing product, process and service
certifications. The organizations that perform this accreditation are called Accreditation
Bodies, and they themselves are assessed by international peers against the ISO 17011
standard. In India Product certification is being monitored by BUREAU OF INDIAN
STANDARDS.
Examples of some certification schemes include the Safety Equipment Institute for
protective headgear, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
Telecommunication Certification Body (TCB) program for radio communication devices,
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Energy Star program, the International
Commission on the Rules for the Approval of Electrical Equipment Product Safety
Certification Body Scheme (IEECE CB Scheme), MAS (Materials Analytical Services)
Certified Green IEQ program, and the Greenguard Environmental Institute Indoor Air
Quality program. Certification schemes are typically written to include both the
performance test methods that the product must be tested to, as well as the criteria that
the product must meet to become Certified.
The ISO 14064 standard (initially published in 2006 and updated in 2018) is part of the ISO 14000 series of International Standards for environmental management. The ISO 14064 standard provides governments, businesses, regions and other organisations with a complementary set of tools for programs to quantify, monitor, report and verify greenhouse gas emissions. The ISO 14064 standard supports organisations to participate in both regulated and voluntary programs such as emissions trading schemes and public reporting using a globally recognised standard.
Structure of Standard
The Standard is published in three parts:
• ISO 14064-1:2018 specifies principles and requirements at the organization level for quantification and reporting of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and removals. It includes requirements for the design, development, management, reporting and verification of an organization's GHG inventory.
• ISO 14064-2:2019 specifies principles and requirements and provides guidance at the project level for quantification, monitoring and reporting of activities intended to cause greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions or removal enhancements. It includes requirements for planning a GHG project, identifying and selecting GHG sources, sinks and reservoirs relevant to the project and baseline scenario, monitoring, quantifying, documenting and reporting GHG project performance and managing data quality.
• ISO 14064-3:2019 specifies principles and requirements and provides guidance for those conducting or managing the validation and/or verification of greenhouse gas (GHG) assertions. It can be applied to organizational or GHG project quantification, including GHG quantification, monitoring and reporting carried out in accordance with ISO 14064-1 or ISO 14064-2.
BS 99001 Quality Management in the Built Environment sector.pdfdemingcertificationa
Quality management ensures that an organization, product or service consistently functions well. It has four main components: quality planning, quality assurance, quality control and quality improvement. Quality management is focused not only on product and service quality, but also on the means to achieve it. Quality management, therefore, uses quality assurance and control of processes as well as products to achieve more consistent quality. Quality control is also part of quality management. What a customer wants and is willing to pay for it, determines quality. It is a written or unwritten commitment to a known or unknown consumer in the market. Quality can be defined as how well the product performs its intended function.
Holographic interferometry (HI) is a technique which enables static and dynamic
displacements of objects with optically rough surfaces to be measured to optical
interferometric precision (i.e. to fractions of a wavelength of light). These
measurements can be applied to stress, strain and vibration analysis, as well as to
non-destructive testing and radiation dosimetry. It can also be used to detect
optical path length variations in transparent media, which enables, for example,
fluid flow to be visualised and analyzed. It can also be used to generate contours
representing the form of the surface.
Holography is the two-step process of recording a diffracted light field scattered
from an object, and performing image rendering. This process can be achieved
with traditional photographic plates or with a digital sensor array, in digital
holography. If the recorded field is superimposed on the 'live field' scattered from
the object, the two fields will be identical. If, however, a small deformation is
applied to the object, the relative phases of the two light fields will alter, and it is
possible to observe interference. This technique is known as live holographic
interferometry.
It is also possible to obtain fringes by making two recordings of the light field
scattered from the object on the same recording medium. The reconstructed light
fields may then interfere to give fringes which map out the displacement of the
surface. This is known as 'frozen fringe' holography.
The form of the fringe pattern is related to the changes in surface position or air
compaction.
ISO 26000:2010 Guidance on social responsibility is an international standard providing guidelines for social responsibility (SR, often CSR - corporate social responsibility). It was released by the International Organization for Standardization on 1 November 2010 and its goal is to contribute to global sustainable development by encouraging business and other organizations to practice social responsibility to improve their impacts on their workers, their natural environments and their communities.
A third-party inspection agency (TPIA or TPI) is a business organization, complying with the ISO 17020 standards. Third-party inspection or "Category A" is the most stringent of the 3 categories of inspection organization that the standard specifies. Such organizations are third-party inspection agencies that must not be involved in any activities other than inspection and testing. Based on this requirement, the third-party inspection agency must not be involved in design, procurement, fabrication, construction, or installation. All companies and parties such as buyers, sellers, engineering companies, plant owners must have access to these agencies and use their services. Confidentiality, independence, impartiality, and integrity are important conditions for being a third-party Inspection agency.
The Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (C-TPAT) is a voluntary supply-chain security program led by U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) focused on improving the security of private companies' supply chains with respect to terrorism. The program was launched in November 2001 with seven initial participants, all large U.S. companies. As of December 1, 2014, the program had 10,854 members. The 4,315 importers in the program account for approximately 54% of the value of all merchandise imported into the U.S.
Companies who achieve C-TPAT certification must have a documented process for determining and alleviating risk throughout their international supply chain. This allows companies to be considered low risk, resulting in expedited processing of their cargo, including fewer customs examinations
ISO 13485 Medical devices -- Quality management systems -- Requirements for regulatory purposes is a voluntary standard, published by International Organization for Standardization (ISO) for the first time in 1996, and contains a comprehensive quality management system for the design and manufacture of medical devices. The latest version of this standard supersedes earlier documents such as EN 46001 (1993 and 1996) and EN 46002 (1996), the previously published ISO 13485 (1996 and 2003), and ISO 13488 (also 1996).
Contemporary climate change includes both global warming and its impacts on Earth's weather patterns. There have been previous periods of climate change, but the current rise in global average temperature is more rapid and is primarily caused by humans. Burning fossil fuels adds greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, most importantly carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane. Smaller contributions come from agriculture, industrial processes, and forest loss. Greenhouse gases warm the air by absorbing heat radiated by the Earth, trapping the heat near the surface. Greenhouse gas emissions amplify this effect, causing the Earth to take in more energy from sunlight than it can radiate back into space.
Due to climate change, deserts are expanding, while heat waves and wildfires are becoming more common. Increased warming in the Arctic has contributed to melting permafrost, glacial retreat and sea ice loss. Higher temperatures are also causing more intense storms, droughts, and other weather extremes. Rapid environmental change in mountains, coral reefs, and the Arctic is forcing many species to relocate or become extinct. Climate change threatens people with food and water scarcity, increased flooding, extreme heat, more disease, and economic loss. Human migration and conflict can also be a result. The World Health Organization (WHO) calls climate change the greatest threat to global health in the 21st century. Even if efforts to minimise future warming are successful, some effects will continue for centuries. These include sea level rise, and warmer, more acidic oceans.
Many of these impacts are already felt at the current 1.2 °C (2.2 °F) level of warming. Additional warming will increase these impacts and may trigger tipping points, such as the melting of the Greenland ice sheet. Under the 2015 Paris Agreement, nations collectively agreed to keep warming "well under 2 °C". However, with pledges made under the Agreement, global warming would still reach about 2.7 °C (4.9 °F) by the end of the century. Limiting warming to 1.5 °C will require halving emissions by 2030 and achieving net-zero emissions by 2050.
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This insightful presentation is designed to equip entrepreneurs with the essential knowledge and tools needed to accurately value their businesses. Understanding business valuation is crucial for making informed decisions, whether you're seeking investment, planning to sell, or simply want to gauge your company's worth.
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Implicitly or explicitly all competing businesses employ a strategy to select a mix
of marketing resources. Formulating such competitive strategies fundamentally
involves recognizing relationships between elements of the marketing mix (e.g.,
price and product quality), as well as assessing competitive and market conditions
(i.e., industry structure in the language of economics).
1. ISO 17025 NABL Consultancy
What is ISO 17025 NABL Consultancy?
ISO/IEC 17025 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration
laboratories is the main ISO/IEC standard used by testing and calibration laboratories.
In most countries, ISO/IEC 17025 is the standard for which most labs must hold
accreditation in order to be deemed technically competent. In many cases, suppliers and
regulatory authorities will not accept test or calibration results from a lab that is not
accredited. Originally known as ISO/IEC Guide 25, ISO/IEC 17025 was initially issued
by ISO/IEC in 1999. There are many commonalities with the ISO 9000 standard, but
ISO/IEC 17025 is more specific in requirements for competence and applies directly to
those organizations that produce testing and calibration results and is based on
somewhat more technical principles. Laboratories use ISO/IEC 17025 to implement a
quality system aimed at improving their ability to consistently produce valid results. It is
also the basis for accreditation from an accreditation body.
There have been three releases; in 1999, 2005 and 2017. The most significant changes
between the 1999 and 2005 release were a greater emphasis on the responsibilities of
senior management, explicit requirements for continual improvement of the
management system itself, and communication with the customer. It also aligned more
closely with the 2000 version of ISO 9001
The 2005 version of the standard comprises five elements; Normative References,
Terms and Definitions, Management Requirements, and Technical Requirements.
Management requirements are primarily related to the operation and effectiveness of
the quality management system within the laboratory. Technical requirements include
factors that determine the correctness and reliability of the tests and calibrations
performed in the laboratory.
The 2017 version of ISO/IEC 17025 has modified this structure to be Scope, Normative
References, Terms and Definitions, General Requirements, Structural Requirements,
Resource Requirements, Process Requirements, and Management System
Requirements. General Requirements and Structural Requirements are related to the
organization of the laboratory itself. Resource Requirements cite those issues related to
the people, plant, and other organizations used by the laboratory to produce its
technically valid results. Process Requirements are the heart of this version of the
standard in describing the activities to ensure that results are based on accepted
science and aimed at technical validity. Management System Requirements are those
steps taken by the organization to give itself quality management system tools to
support the work of its people in the production of technically valid results.
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2. Predecessors
Some national systems (e.g. UKAS M10 in the UK) were the forerunners of ISO/IEC 17025:1999 but
could also be exceedingly prescriptive. ISO/IEC 17025 allows laboratories to carry out procedures in
their own ways, but require the laboratory to justify using a particular method.
In common with other ISO quality standards, ISO/IEC 17025 requires continual improvement.
Additionally, the laboratory will be expected to keep abreast of scientific and technological advances
in relevant areas.
In common with other accreditation standards of the ISO 17000 series (and unlike most ISO
standards for management systems), assessment of the laboratory is normally carried out by the
national organization responsible for accreditation. Laboratories are therefore "accredited" under
ISO/IEC 17025, rather than "certified" or "registered" by a third-party service as is the case with ISO
9000 quality standard.
In short, accreditation differs from certification by adding the concept of a third party (Accreditation
Body (AB)) attesting to technical competence within a laboratory in addition to its adherence and
operation under a documented quality system, specific to a Scope of Accreditation.
Accreditation bodies
In order for accreditation bodies to recognize each other's accreditations, the International
Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation (ILAC) worked to establish methods of evaluating
accreditation bodies against another ISO/CASCO standard (ISO/IEC Guide 58 - which became
ISO/IEC 17011). Around the world, regions such as the European Community, the Asia-Pacific, the
Americas and others, established regional cooperations to manage the work needed for such mutual
recognition. These regional bodies (all working within the ILAC umbrella) include European
Accreditation Cooperation (EA), the Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation (APLAC),
Southern African Development Community Cooperation in Accreditation (SADCA) and the Inter-
American Accreditation Cooperation (IAAC).
The first laboratory accreditation bodies to be established were National Association of Testing
Authorities (NATA) in Australia (1947) and TeLaRC in New Zealand (1973). Most other bodies are
based on the NATA/TELARC model include UKAS in the UK, FINAS in Finland and DANAK in
Denmark to name a few.
In the U.S. there are several, multidisciplinary accreditation bodies that serve the laboratory
community. These bodies accredit testing and calibration labs, reference material producers, PT
providers, product certifiers, inspection bodies, forensic institutions and others to a multitude of
standards and programs. These ILAC MRA signatory accreditation bodies carry identical acceptance
across the globe. It does not matter which AB is utilized for accreditation. The MRA arrangement
was designed with equal weight across all economies. ABs include:
• The ANSI-ASQ National Accreditation Board (ANAB)|ANSI-ASQ National Accreditation Board
• The American Association for Laboratory Accreditation (A2LA)
• Perry Johnson Laboratory Accreditation (PJLA)
• American Industrial Hygiene Association
• International Accreditation Service, Inc. (IAS)
• National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP) - technically part of the US
government and only accredits a few narrow disciplines
• American Society of Crime Laboratory Directors-Laboratory Accreditation Board (ASCLD-
LAB) which is now ANAB (see above).
In Canada, there are two accreditation bodies:
3. • Standards Council of Canada
• The Canadian Association for Laboratory Accreditation
The accreditation of calibration laboratories is the shared responsibility of the Standards Council of
Canada (SCC) Program for the Accreditation of Laboratories-Canada (PALCAN), and the National
Research Council of Canada (NRC) Calibration Laboratory Assessment Service (CLAS). The CLAS
program provides quality system and technical assessment services and certification of specific
measurement capabilities of calibration laboratories in support of the Canadian National
Measurement System.
In other countries there is often only one Accreditation Body. Typically these bodies encompass
accreditation programs for management systems, product certification, laboratory, inspection,
personnel and others:
• National Association of Testing Authorities (NATA) (Australia)
• Comité français d'accréditation (COFRAC) (France)
• DAkkS (Germany)
• National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL) (India)
• Komite Akreditasi Nasional (KAN) (Indonesia)
• Irish National Accreditation Board (INAB) (Ireland)
• Accredia - The Italian Accreditation Body (Italy)
• Dutch Accreditation Council (RVA) (The Netherlands)
• International Accreditation New Zealand (IANZ) (New Zealand)
• Korea Laboratory Accreditation Scheme (KOLAS) (South Korea)
• Bureau of Accreditation (BoA) (Vietnam)
• BiH Institute for Accreditation (BATA) (Bosnia & Hercegovina)
• Spanish Association for Standardization and Certification (AENOR) (Spain)
The principal requirements of the standard are illustrated below:
Fire safety
The threat from fire carries one of the highest risks to loss of life, and the potential to damage property or
shut down a business. The facilities management department will have in place maintenance, inspection,
and testing for all of the facility's fire safety equipment and systems, keeping records and certificates of
compliance.
4. Understanding the principles of continual improvement
Operational
The facilities management department has responsibilities for the day-to-day running of the building;
these tasks may be outsourced or carried out by directly employed staff. This is a policy issue, but due to
the immediacy of the response required in many of the activities involved the facilities manager will often
require daily reports or an escalation procedure.
Some issues require more than just periodic maintenance, for example, those that can stop or hamper the
productivity of the business or that have safety implications. Many of these are managed by the facilities
management "help desk" that staff is able to be contacted either by telephone or email. The response to
help desk calls is prioritized but may be as simple as too hot or too cold, lights not working, photocopier
jammed, coffee spills, or vending machine problems.
Help desks may be used to book meeting rooms, car parking spaces, and many other services, but this
often depends on how the facilities department is organized. Facilities may be split into two sections,
often referred to as "soft" services such as reception and post room, and "hard" services, such as the
mechanical, fire, and electrical services.