A hygienic certificate refers to practices that help maintain health and prevent the spread of diseases, according to the World Health Organization. It encompasses various forms of hygiene including personal, home, medical, and food hygiene, emphasizing the importance of cleanliness as a preventive measure against infectious diseases. Proper hygiene practices, which differ across cultures, are crucial for public health and quality assurance in the production of food and other products.

1. Hygienic Certificate
What is Hygienic Certificate?
"Hygienist" redirects here. For specific kinds of hygienist, see Industrial
hygienist and Dental hygienist.
For the social movement, see Social hygiene. For the community in the United States,
see Hygiene, Colorado.
Poster to raise awareness about the importance of clean water for good hygiene, for
use in Islamic countries.
Hygiene is a series of practices performed to preserve health. According to the World
Health Organization (WHO), "Hygiene refers to conditions and practices that help to
maintain health and prevent the spread of diseases." Personal hygiene refers to
maintaining the body's cleanliness. Hygiene activities can be grouped into the
following: home and everyday hygiene, personal hygiene, medical hygiene, sleep
hygiene and food hygiene. Home and every day hygiene includes hand washing,
respiratory hygiene, food hygiene at home, hygiene in the kitchen, hygiene in the
bathroom, laundry hygiene and medical hygiene at home.
Many people equate hygiene with 'cleanliness,' but hygiene is a broad term. It includes
such personal habit choices as how frequently to take a shower or bath, wash hands,
trim fingernails, and wash clothes. It also includes attention to keeping surfaces in the
home and workplace clean, including bathroom facilities. Some regular hygiene
practices may be considered good habits by the society, while the neglect of hygiene
can be considered disgusting, disrespectful, or threatening.
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2. Definition and overview
Washing one's hands, a form of hygiene, is the most effective way to prevent the spread of infectious
diseases
Hygiene is a practice related to lifestyle, cleanliness, health and medicine. In medicine and everyday life,
hygiene practices are employed as preventive measures to reduce the incidence and spreading of germs
leading to disease.
Hygiene practices vary from one culture to another.
In the manufacturing of food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and other products, good hygiene is a critical
component of quality assurance.
The terms cleanliness and hygiene are often used interchangeably, which can cause confusion. In general,
hygiene refers to practices that prevent spread of disease-causing organisms. Cleaning processes
(e.g., handwashing) remove infectious microbes as well as dirt and soil, and are thus often the means to
achieve hygiene.
Other uses of the term are as follows: body hygiene, personal hygiene, sleep hygiene, mental
hygiene, dental hygiene, and occupational hygiene, used in connection with public health.
Home and everyday hygiene
Home hygiene overview
Home hygiene pertains to the hygiene practices that prevent or minimize the spread of disease at home
and other everyday settings such as social settings, public transport, the workplace, public places, etc.
Hygiene in a variety of settings plays an important role in preventing the spread of infectious diseases. It
includes procedures used in a variety of domestic situations such as hand hygiene, respiratory hygiene,
food and water hygiene, general home hygiene (hygiene of environmental sites and surfaces), care of
domestic animals, and home health care (the care of those who are at greater risk of infection).
At present, these components of hygiene tend to be regarded as separate issues, although based on the
same underlying microbiological principles. Preventing the spread of diseases means breaking the chain
of infection transmission. Simply put, if the chain of infection is broken, infection cannot spread.
"Targeted hygiene" is based on identifying the routes of pathogen spread in the home and introducing
hygiene practices at critical times to break the chain of infection. It is using a risk-based approach based
on Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP).

3. The main sources of infection in the home are people (who are carriers or are infected), foods
(particularly raw foods), water, pets and domestic animals. Sites that accumulate stagnant water—such as
sinks, toilets, waste pipes, cleaning tools, face cloths, etc. readily support microbial growth and can
become secondary reservoirs of infection, though species are mostly those that threaten "at risk"
groups. Pathogens (potentially infectious bacteria, viruses etc.—colloquially called "germs") are
constantly shed from these sources via mucous membranes, feces, vomit, skin scales, etc. Thus, when
circumstances combine, people are exposed, either directly or via food or water, and can develop an
infection.