ISLAMIYAT RESEARCH REPORT-1.pdf

Free Education and Its Importance
RESEARCH REPORT
Submitted to:
Ms. Sumaira Nawaz
Submitted by:
Muhammad Shahid (22-ENC-01)
Umair Mushtaq (22-ENC-01)
Muhammad Raza (22-ENC-19)
Department of Electronic Engineering
University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila.

2
Abstract:
Free education is education funded through government spending or charitable
organizations rather than tuition funding. Many models of free higher education have
been proposed. Primary school and other comprehensive or compulsory education is
free in many countries (often including secondary education). Tertiary education is
also free in certain countries, including post-graduate studies in the Nordic countries.
History
In the Islamic Golden Age a tradition of free madrasa-based education arose.
Free education has long been identified with "sponsored education"; for example,
during the Renaissance, rich dignitaries commonly sponsored the education of young
men as patrons.
Thomas Jefferson proposed "establishing free schools to teach reading, writing, and
arithmetic, and from these schools those of intellectual ability, regardless of
background or economic status, would receive a college education paid for by the
state."
In the United States, Townsend Harris founded the first free public institution of
higher education, the Free Academy of the City of New York (today the City College
of New York), in 1847; it aimed to provide free education to the urban poor,

3
immigrants and their children. Its graduates went on to receive 10 Nobel Prizes, more
than any other public university. During the late 19th century, the United States
government introduced compulsory education as free or universal education, which
extended across the country by the 1920s.
In 1944 U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt signed the Serviceman's
Readjustment Act, also known as the GI Bill of Rights, into law. The GI Bill allowed
World War II veterans to attend universities at no cost to them.
A report regarding free higher education was prepared by President Truman in 1947,
however, no action was taken, according to what was written in the report. Therefore,
it never became a reality. One probable reason could be the ongoing Cold War at
that time, which made President Truman shift his focus from the report to the war-
defense spending.
Governments typically fund compulsory education through taxes.
Aggravated truancy can be prosecuted. Homeschooling, private or parochial
schooling usually offer legal alternatives.
With the start of many free internet-based learning institutions such as edX
(founded in 2012) and MITx (announced in 2011), anyone in the world with
Internet access can take free education-courses. In many countries,
the policy for the merit system has not yet caught up with these recent advances in
education technology.
After the 2011–13 Chilean student protests, tuition-free college was a major
campaign promise of Chilean president Michelle Bachelet in 2013. After some years
marshaling support and funding, the graduated law was passed in 2018, and as of
2019 covers tuition at participating schools for families in the bottom 60% of
earnings nation-wide.

4
Importance Of Education
Education is a key to political stability and socio-economic development of a nation.
Unfortunately, there are diverse systems of education providing several types of
education leading to stratified education system. Education brings political stability
by realizing the people their national rights and duties and thus through such
awareness leads to harmony, participation, and cooperation. Education shapes the
personality of the people to play part in the society. Education is a fundamental asset
to empower in terms of human rights and gender equality. Education facilitates the
individual to survive in the labor market. There is need to eradicate class-based
educational streams to develop unified national education system as promised in
Constitution of Pakistan to guarantee the development of society. Education has
emerged as a business venture and caught the attention of private sector, which has
negative impact on the quality of learning and research.
Many students do not attend college because they cannot afford it. A study shows
that eligible and skilled students who are worried about the increasing cost of
college are 12 to 16 times more likely to quit college
According to the World Bank (1997)., “comparative advantages among nations
come less from natural resources or cheap labour and more from technical
innovations and the competitive use of knowledge”. Thus, education has cascading
effects: countries with greater human capital development are more likely to have
higher rates of economic growth and income. Therefore, proper investment in

5
education will help to combat global poverty as well as reduce the economic gap
between rich and poor nations.
Apart from the general benefits of education for development, girls’ education in
particular has been shown to have substantial economic and social benefits. Research
suggests that “gender inequality in education directly affects economic growth by
lowering the average level of human capital” (Klasen 2002: 1). This indicates that
investment in girls’ education will increase the average level of human capital in the
population, which will eventually contribute to the process of economic growth. On
a societal level, studies have shown that communities with a high proportion of
educated mothers have less health problems. In addition, the number of schooling
years contributes positively to empowering women and raising their awareness
regarding childbearing, personal and community health (Oxal 1997: 4). Thus,
education may contribute to lower infant and maternal mortality rates. Furthermore,
education promotes greater women’s participation in the labour market and increases
the likelihood that their children will participate in formal education. And
considering the devastation caused by HIV/AIDS, women’s education is a key to
reducing the spread of the disease by educating women in family planning and
reproductive rights (World Bank 2009). In conclusion, women’s education can
contribute to social and cultural changes that have a positive impact on the health
and livelihood of the community. Despite these facts, women continue to have lower
education rates than men. While the ratios of literacy rates vary among people,
women face significantly reduced educational opportunities in the poorest countries
(Oxal 1997: 10). The reasons may vary, such as social or cultural views, the cost of
education, or the economic constraints of families that require their daughters to stay
home and assist in household chores. Nonetheless, if negative attitudes towards
women’s education and the constraints that work against their incorporation into the

6
education system can be overcome, the benefits can be significant for families as
well as for society as a whole (Oxal 1997: 1). Furthermore, education is instrumental
in promoting equal opportunities and higher income levels amongst the entire
population. Economic growth, per se, does not necessarily imply the reduction in
economic inequality. Combating poverty necessitates having equal opportunities in
economic activities and more equitable income distribution. While the past 20 years
have witnessed a marked decrease in global poverty rates, inequality in many regions
has increased. Among developing regions, inequality is highest in Latin America and
sub-Saharan Africa, and it is increasing in Asia as well (UNESCO 2008: 14). While
education on its own cannot solve the problem of economic inequality, it is one
useful tool in promoting equal opportunities for all, including children from
marginalized social or economic backgrounds and women. February 2009 6 “Unless
compensating policies are introduced, especially targeting children from the least
advantaged backgrounds,” contends UNESCO, “existing socioeconomic
inequalities could even be reinforced because of poor education quality, low
achievement, high dropout rates, differentiated school systems and limited access to
higher education levels” (UNESCO 2008: 19). Where education is considered as part
of a broader tool to promote equal opportunities, the effects are likely to be more
profound. Corresponding policies, such as promoting equal employment
opportunities are necessary if the “potential equalizing benefits of education
expansion are to materialize” (UNESCO 2008: 23). Thus, education is one tool that
can help the poor and marginalized to contribute to and benefit from economic
growth.

7
Education in Islam
Education has been emphasized in Islam. The first verse of the Qur’an to be revealed
to the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) indicates the importance of education in Islam;
the verse started with the word “Iqr’a”, it is a command that means ‘read’ in Arabic,
and that implies the concepts of ‘learning’, ‘exploring’ and ‘seeking enlightenment'.
This demonstrates that reading (knowledge) is the way to approach the Creator of all
that exists. Verse 96/1-5 states:
"Read! In the Name of your Lord who has created (all that exists). He has created
man from a clot (a piece of thick coagulated blood). Read! And your Lord is the
Most Generous. Who has taught (the writing) by the pen.
He has taught man that which he knew not. "
Hence, Muslims believe that Allah created humanity and commanded that they seek
knowledge in order to become stronger in their faith.
This is also demonstrated in the following verses:
“Allah grants wisdom to whom He pleases and to whom wisdom is granted indeed
he receives an overflowing benefit.”
(Surah 2/269)
“Those truly fear God, among His Servants, who have knowledge: for God is
Exalted in Might, Oft-Forgiving.”
(Surah 35/28)
“Are those equal, those who know and those who do not know? It is those who are
endowed with understanding that receive admonition.”

8
(Surah 39/9)
The hadith of the Prophet (PBUH) also emphasize the value of knowledge. As the
following hadith narrated by Abu Hurairah notes:
"When a man dies, his acts come to an end, but three, recurring charity, or
knowledge (by which people) benefit, or a pious son, who prays for him
(the deceased)."
(Sahih Muslim: Book 12, Hadith 4005).
The Quran states that individuals bear a responsibility towards the community; Verse
5/2 states:
“And help one another in goodness and piety, and do not help one another in sin
and aggression; and be careful of (your duty to) Allah”
(Surah 2/269)
Therefore, there is no doubt that learning the Qur’an and understanding its social and
economic implications would contribute to the achievement of justice and social
equity. This is also apparent from Surah 2/269 mentioned above, which promotes
the importance of wisdom/knowledge for Muslims. The importance of education for
the betterment of society was also emphasized by the Prophet (PBUH) who asserted
that “for a Muslim to fulfil their role to serve humanity, they must acquire knowledge
for the common good: ….If anyone acquires knowledge of things by which Allah's
good pleasure is sought, but acquires it only to get some worldly advantage, he will
not experience the arf, i.e. the odour, of Paradise”. (Narrated by AbuHurairah,
Translation of Sunan Abu-Dawud, Knowledge (Kitab Al-Ilm), Book 25, Number
3656) The previous verses and a hadith indicate the importance of knowledge and

9
equity in Islam. Indeed, the acquisition of knowledge and the use of this knowledge
for the betterment of humanity are seen as sacred duties for Muslims.
In Islam, the duty of seeking knowledge and learning is obligatory for every Muslim.
Islam affirms the right to education for all without gender discrimination. For
example, The Holy Quran addresses all people and indicates that people will be
judged by their knowledge and understanding. In addition to the emphasis on
knowledge for all Muslims in the Qur’an, women’s education is emphasized in many
of the hadiths of the Prophet Mohammed (PBUH). He encouraged the education of
members of the most marginalized communities including slave girls. The Prophet
said: “'He who has a slave-girl and teaches her good manners and improves her
education and then manumits and marries her, will get a double reward; (narrated by
Abu Musa Al-Ashari) This approach was followed to eradicate slavery in the early
days of Islam, but at the same time indicates the importance of girl’s education in
the Prophet’s (PBUH) thinking. In Islam, the welfare of orphans is also emphasized.
Muslims are encouraged to provide for the physical, social, and psychological needs
of orphans, including their education as part of equipping them with the means to
achieving a decent livelihood. The Qur’an states:
"They ask you, (O Muhammad), what they shall spend. Say: that which you spend
for good (must go) to parents and near kindred and orphans and the needy and the
wayfarer. And whatsoever good you do, lo! Allah is Aware of it."
(Surah 2/215)
Furthermore, the principles of charity in Islam offer a way through which Muslims
can support education programmes that will empower the disadvantaged sections of
society. Waqf, apart from zakat and sadaqah, is one way that Muslims engage in
ongoing charity (Sadaqa Jareyah). Waqf can be in the form of paying for or declaring

10
a building or land as a communal space, with schools and training centres falling
within this category. Thus, Islam offers many forms of charity that Muslims can
observe in order to promote education projects for the disadvantaged in developing
countries. In line with the recent calls of international institutions for universal
education, Islam has been advocating education as a social necessity for over 1400
years. In addition, Islam encourages individuals to focus their efforts on the
disadvantaged especially and provide them with greater access to educational
opportunities.
World’s Efforts
In Argentina, education is free since 1949 in every public university, not only for
Argentine students, but also for international students willing to study in Argentina.
Free education is financed by the Ministry of Education.
In Bangladesh, article 17 of Constitution of Bangladesh provides that all children
receive free and compulsory education. Primary and secondary education is financed
by the state and free of charge in public schools. The government provides free
textbooks to all primary and secondary-level students. In 2022, 347,016,277 free
textbooks have been distributed among 41,726,856 students across the country. The
government provides free school meals to 400,000 children in 2,000 schools across
16 subdistricts.
In Brazil, free education is offered by the Ministry of Education, which offers
scholarships for graduate degrees, masters, doctoral and post-doctoral for Brazilians

11
and immigrants who have Brazilian citizenship. The best universities and research
centers are public institutions, financed by either the local state (state universities)
or the federal government (federal universities). Graduate students can get paid if
they qualify for the incentive, but competition is extremely fierce. There has been a
proliferation in the last 10 years of private universities which are interested in
providing professional training to their undergraduates. These private colleges are
not interested in nurturing research centers since it is not part of their business model
to get involved with research.
There are examples of steps towards free education being taken across the world
primarily in those nations developing rapidly, such as China.
In European Union countries such as France and Malta, tuition is usually free for
European students, and in Germany, tuition is free for all European and international
students. In Scotland, university tuition is free for all Scottish nationals and is
discounted for all European students, except from students coming from other parts
of the United Kingdom.
In Fiji the government announced in 2013 it would cover the costs of primary and
secondary school education, equivalent to 250 Fiji dollars per year per student.
In Iran, most prestigious universities are called governmental universities which
offer free education for students who pass a very competitive entrance exam with
high scores. Graduates from these universities are obliged to serve the country for as
many years as they studied for their degree, in order to get their diploma.
In Mauritius, the government provides free education to its citizens from pre-primary
to tertiary levels. Since July 2005, the government also introduced free transport for
all students.

12
In New Zealand, the Labour government will introduce three years of free post-
school study or training. From January 1, 2018, new students will have one year free
for entering study or training. From 2021, those starting tertiary education would get
two years free, and from 2024 three years. The overall cost of the package is $6
billion. Labour has also pledged to increase student allowances by $50 a week, and
to restore post-graduate students' eligibility for student allowances.
In the Philippines, public primary and secondary schools are free of tuition. The 1935
Constitution provided for universal primary education. Primary education was made
free under the 1973 Constitution, while the 1987 Constitution extended free
education to the secondary level. Free public tertiary education has been enacted in
2017.
In Russia, prior to the break-up of the Soviet Union, tuition was free for everyone
obtaining sufficient grades. Since 1991, if a student obtains sufficient grades, he or
she is still eligible for a free education (on a competitive basis) in state or private
universities, but he/she can also pay for studying if grades are above minimal
threshold, but not enough to be enrolled into desired university for free.
In Sri Lanka, free education is provided by the government at different levels.
Government funded schools such as national schools, provincial schools and Piriven
provided primary and secondary education free, while assisted schools and semi-
governmental schools provided the same at subsidized rates. At the university level,
the universities provide undergraduate courses free, however, this totals only about
10% for those qualified for university entrance. Grants and scholarships are provided
for a limited number of study allowances. Dr. C. W. W. Kanangra who was the
Minister of Education made education free for all Sri Lankan students in 1940 s.
Kanangra’s significant achievements in areas of education have led him to being
commonly referred to as the Father of Free Education in Sri Lanka.

13
In Thailand, free education began around in 1996.
Trinidad and Tobago offers free tertiary education to its citizens up to the
undergraduate level at accredited public and select private institutions. Postgraduate
degrees are paid up to 50% by the government at accredited institutions. This benefit
is given to the citizens under a programme called Government Assisted Tuition
Expenses Programme and it is managed by the Funding and Grants Administration
Division of the Ministry of Tertiary Education and Skills Training.
In the United States, a variety of financial aid programs provide grants and student
loans, mostly to low-income students, for any accredited college or university.
Various proposals at the state and federal level have been made to make either
community colleges or all colleges and universities free for students at all income
levels. In March 2022, the U.S. state of New Mexico waived tuition for in-state
students at all income levels and at all public state and tribal colleges and
universities, if registered for six credit-hours and earning a minimum 2.5 GPA.
Uruguay adopted free, compulsory, and secular education in 1876, after a reform led
by José Pedro Varela during the Lorenzo Latorre dictatorship. The University of the
Republic follows the same principles, although graduates must pay a yearly
contribution.
In Tanzania, the government introduced a fee free education for all the government
schools in 2016. Government would pay the fees; however, parents were required to
pay for the school uniform and other materials.
The Article 13 of International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
ensures the right to free education at primary education and progressive introduction
of it at secondary and higher education as the right to education. E.G. At the
University of Oslo, there is no tuition fee except a small semester fee of NOK(600)

14
(US$74). From 2013 in Northern Europe, Estonia started providing free higher
education as well. Sweden, until the early 21st century, provided free education to
foreign students but changes have been introduced to charge fees to foreign students
from outside the European community. Denmark also has universal free education,
and provides a monthly stipend, the "Staten’s Uddannelsesstøtte" or "SU", to
students over 18 years of age or students who are under 18 and attending a higher
education. Bachelor and master's degree programmes in Denmark are offered in
either Danish or English depending on the programme or
university. Argentina, Brazil, Cuba, Poland, Czech
Republic, Greece, Hungary, Lebanon, Turkey, Sri
Lanka and Uruguay provide free education at all levels, including college and
university for citizens.
Pakistan’s Actions
Pakistan has taken many actions for free education for poor and needy students. For
primary and secondary students’ education is free in Government schools as well as
some PEEF Schools also provide free education to poor students. Many of
universities offers free education for deserving students as well as Government of
Pakistan provide free scholarships to competent students. Government also provides
needbased scholarships to poor and needy students as well as some special
scholarships for special persons and backward area’s students.

15
Here is list of UET Taxila scholarships:

16
FREE EDUCATION PLATEFORMS
Here are some famous free Education platforms listed below:
YouTube
Availability of free, high-quality, and informative videos online on platforms like
YouTube are an intuitive addition to modern learning environments. Educators,
students, and parents all agree on the effectiveness of online videos as a teaching-
learning tool. The best thing about YouTube videos is that they can easily be
integrated into a variety of educational systems especially online education. Video-
assisted learning is a new trend in the education industry as it provides students an
interesting way to learn and understand complex concepts and subjects
In the recent global lockdown due to coronavirus pandemic, educational and
eLearning related YT channels have gained a huge number of YouTube subscribers
as students around the globe were asked to attend classes from home.
Since there are a lot of online learning tools available to make online education
accessible and easier, YouTube is one of them. There are 2 billion active users on
YT and 500 hours of video content are uploaded on this largest video sharing
platform every minute. This shows that video content has a great appeal and attracts
more users than any other type of content. This is why YouTube could be a great
tool you can benefit from in online learning. It can play a significant role in making
the learning process effective and enriching. When the learning experience is
memorable and effective, retention and engagement rate are increased to boost the
overall effectiveness of an online lecture or course.

17
The use of YT videos in the class can be handy for teachers and fun for learners.
Students are more engaged with visually motivating activities and are more likely to
concentrate when watching videos rather than reading walls of text in the books and
notes. For your information, here we have explained some benefits of using
YouTube as a learning material resource for your online education.
Facebook Groups
Facebook is a social networking site created in 2004 which has since obtained over
a billion users, and it has the potential to facilitate learning in the classroom. With
the widespread use of Facebook in society, it simply makes sense to look into ways
it might be used in higher education. In fact, a number of studies have been done by
scholars in different disciplines regarding the use of Facebook (in general and in
academia). These include studies by scholars in library science, education, media
and communication, psychology, management information systems, business,
political science, marketing, instructional technology, and commerce and
accounting. Students arrive at school wired and are willing and eager to use
technology, but higher education has a well-established trend toward non-adoption
of modern technologies. A variety of studies on the use of Facebook, however,
indicate that there are a wide number of potential benefits to using Facebook as an
educational tool. There are four interrelated potential benefits: creating a sense of
community and promoting collaboration, enhancing communication between
instructors and students, developing computer literacy and language skills, and
incorporating current student culture into the learning environment.

18
WhatsApp
WhatsApp is already the default means of person-to-person communication in many
countries. But all these advantages make it the perfect tool for virtual education and
learning as well. Millions of students in both developed and developing countries
now use WhatsApp for educational purposes – to learn remotely, connect with
teachers and classmates, and enhance their knowledge and skills. Online classes
through WhatsApp almost eliminate the need for face-to-face lectures, ensuring the
safety of everyone involved without compromising the quality of instruction or the
learning ability of students. These are vital advantages in a post-COVID world where
physical classrooms and face-to-face learning are now rarer than ever before.
In addition to offering an accessible, easy-to-use, and low-connectivity platform for
teachers, WhatsApp is also an excellent tool for communitybased learning. Around
the world, non-profit groups leverage WhatsApp to disseminate free learning
resources to marginalized children. They often deploy WhatsApp content in multiple
formats to provide broader and more equitable learning opportunities for children
who lack learning and development resources.
Zoom
The value of eLearning is being recognized by more organizations, since it is a cost-
effective way to train large numbers of people. It can produce remarkable results by
not only decreasing training costs, but also improving performance. Students
involved in video communications are more motivated and interested in the topic

19
and are reported to have prominent levels of achievement in critical thinking and
problem-solving when compared to students physically in the classroom.
On the Internet
eLearning can combine several different delivery methods, including webbased
courses, collaboration software, and video conferencing. eLearning can also mix
various event-based activities, including face-to-face classrooms, self-paced
learning, and live eLearning using video conferencing. eLearning is not about
technology, it’s about learning, using technology.
Producing learning content is time consuming, whether for online or classrooms.
With eLearning, each time a course is accessed the return on investment improves,
since the production costs are divided by the number of users. There is also the cost
of building space, utilities, and teacher salaries to consider. Using one teacher and
holding a class using video conferencing results in reaching students in classrooms,
at distant sites, and at home for a much lower cost.
Online education has become an option in recent years, particularly with the
development of free MOOCs (massive open online courses) from providers such as
Khan Academy (High School) and Higher Education, through providers such as
edX, Coursera, Udacity, Future Learn and Alison. Free education has become
available through several websites with some resembling the courses of study of
accredited universities. Online education faces barriers such as institutional
adoption, license or copyright restrictions, incompatibility, and educator awareness
of available resources.

20
Due to the extensive requirements of resources for online education, many open
community projects have been initiated. Specifically, the Wikimedia Foundation has
developed a project devoted to free online educational resources, Wikiversity, and
recently, several other sites for specific topics have developed.
Christian Leaders Institute offers tuition free college level ministry education.
Students can take any classes free of charge, but are encouraged to help support the
mission of the institution by making donations to this 501 (c)3 United States Charity.
The Islamic Open University (IOU), a distance-learning higher education institution,
offers tuition-free graduate and undergraduate degrees. A very modest registration
fee is charged per semester, which is based on the human development index and
thus varies from country to country. The IOU is offering one million scholarships
for African youths by 2020.
Niddah’s Vidyalaya has started an initiative named Freedom College towards
providing tuition-free education in Sri Lanka.
In Pakistan AIOU Islamabad provide free and distance learning option for poor and
deserving students.
Some other societies are also playing key role to provide free education to all
students irrespective of any distinction like color creed or race. It will be unjust if
we wouldn’t discuss Umeed E Subah society’s work because its framework is
designed in such a way that it provides free education in every area without any
charges to poor and deserving students. many other societies are contributing to this
regard without showing their name publicly.
Role in Electronics Engineering
Free education has very importance in electronics engineering department. By these
modern means of education, we can learn a lot of education free of cost as well as

21
we can solve our problems by communicating with other engineers anywhere in
world. World is making progress with extremely high speed so our research and
development related work can only compete with world with this online research
and free education helps a lot in this regard.
Free Open-Source Software (FOSS) has gained momentum in higher education due
to several benefits such as cost, license management flexibility, access to source
code, security, and stability etc. Presently, a plethora of open-source software tools
and resource related to EE can be deployed in teaching and learning process of EE
education. In this communication, a short exposition of Free Open-Source Software
useful in electronics engineering education and research is presented. A brief
outlook of FOSS packages, their web addresses and major highlights are also
presented.
In the education, software tools and simulator are used for enhancing the teaching
activities in various domains of electrical and electronics engineering. Generally,
these software packages are available in student’s version, academic purpose and
commercial version, industry version [1-6].
It is well evident that popular commercial mathematical application package,
MATLAB, is well integrated horizontally and vertically across various engineering
disciplines and supports a wide variety of courses in specific disciplines [7-14].
Besides MATLAB, traditionally a number of commercial textual and graphical
software packages such as OrCAD Pspice, Multisim, TINA, powerSim, Circuit
Maker, Circuit Logix, LTSpice, Protil now known as Altium, logic works, Mathcad,
Mathematica, Tanner, Xilinx, Visio, LABVIEW, HP VEE, Simulink, System View,
EDX Signal Pro, RIDE, OPNET, STK, Disyllabic support the electronics
engineering education and industry [1, 3, 4, 6, 15-20]. Mostly, these packages are
incredibly powerful, flexible, and usually well documented and supported. academic

22
institution. Truly speaking, most of the institutions do not have sufficient resource
to buy enough software package licenses for all the students. Free open-source
software tools have achieved a sufficient maturity and can be seriously considered
as alternative to proprietary software to be used in higher education academic
institution both as education and research tools.
Since the last decade, the use of FOSS tool has gained considerable attention in
science and engineering education in different fields of various disciplines across the
globe. A review of electronics engineering design free software tools is presented in
reference. The reference presents a framework for integrating free open-source tools
and resource as teaching resources for an electronic engineering undergraduate
program for improving the learning outcomes of the students. In articles free
alternatives to MATLAB for undergraduate EE curricula are also discussed.

23

24

25

26
Conclusion
The study investigated the socio-economic status of students to afford higher
education in Pakistan and findings suggested that families with an average
socioeconomic status are urging and sending their children to earn money due to
continuous increasing poverty. Majority of educated parents are motivated to send
their all children to acquire education as they are well aware of importance of
education. Present study also tried to evaluate the perception of respondents about
education system of Pakistan. Unfortunately, due to diverging challenges study
indicated education system of Pakistan is an average and not up to mark. Study
examined the perception of student about free education including other basic social
institution and suggested that free education is playing a positive role in personal

27
development and to somehow a satisfactory role in professional development. As
findings relevant to the institution of government indicated average role of
government and suggested the need of more practical steps for development of free
education. Findings suggested that family institution is playing two contradictory
roles, on one hand it is supporting and contributing to education of their child but on
other hand there is discrimination is educating girl child. As the enormous number
of females are acquiring higher education and opted various professions. But still
male child is priority by the parents in acquisition of education and participation in
income generation activities. Study indicated miscalculated expectations from
education by the policy makers, revision of curriculum, faulty examination system,
increasing regional disparity and diverse systems of educations as major challenges
to education system. On priority bases the authorities responsible for provision of
education should resolve these problems to develop a strong free education system
for the nation so that both poor as well as elite class have same opportunities for their
better future and no talent lost due to poverty.
The role of open source in electronics industry is broadening, paving a career path
for enthusiast. There is an increasing demand for electronics engineers who are
experienced in open-source technologies, mainly due to a change in development
towards a more social and collaborative development environment.

ISLAMIYAT RESEARCH REPORT-1.pdf

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to ISLAMIYAT RESEARCH REPORT-1.pdf

Similar to ISLAMIYAT RESEARCH REPORT-1.pdf (18)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

ISLAMIYAT RESEARCH REPORT-1.pdf