There are three main types of Islamic financing modes: participatory, sale-based, and rent-based. Participatory modes include mudarabah (equity finance where profit is shared but loss is borne by the capital owner), musharakah (similar to mudarabah but both partners share profit and loss), and diminishing partnership (where the financier gradually sells their share of an asset to the beneficiary). Sale-based modes include murabahah (cost-plus sale), istisna (manufacturing something for future delivery), and salam (advance payment for future delivery of goods). Rent-based modes include ijarah (leasing of assets) and tawaruq (purchasing an
Islamic Banking (IB)Definition:Islamic banking can be defined as: a form of modern banking based on Islamic legal concepts using risk- sharing as its main method excluding financing based on fixed pre- determined return.
the presentation will help you in understanding diffrent terms of islamic banking. also it will help you in finding the answers of your critics about islamic banking.
It is well known that interest-based banks accept deposits of different maturities, paying different rates of interest on different kinds of deposits. Islamic banks do not pay interest on deposits. How Islamic banks operate different kinds of deposits
Islamic Banking (IB)Definition:Islamic banking can be defined as: a form of modern banking based on Islamic legal concepts using risk- sharing as its main method excluding financing based on fixed pre- determined return.
the presentation will help you in understanding diffrent terms of islamic banking. also it will help you in finding the answers of your critics about islamic banking.
It is well known that interest-based banks accept deposits of different maturities, paying different rates of interest on different kinds of deposits. Islamic banks do not pay interest on deposits. How Islamic banks operate different kinds of deposits
Mudarabah is a special kind of partnership where one partner providers the capital (rabb-ul-maal) to the other (mudarib) for investment in a commercial enterprise.
Insurance has become a need of businesses and individuals for mitigating risks and losses and lessening the impact of catastrophes on their lives and wealth.
When Islamic banking started functioning in the 1970s, it also required a Shar¯ı´ah-compliant alternative to conventional insurance, considered against the Shar¯ı´ah tenets due to the involvement of Riba, Gharar and gambling. To fill the gap in the cycle of Islamic finance, the system of Takaful has been developed and a large number of Takaful companies are providing services in various regions of the world.
This slide program explains in the light of Quran and Hadith that Riba transactions are prohibited in Islam. It provides replies to the questions raised about prohibition of Riba.
Mudarabah is a special kind of partnership where one partner providers the capital (rabb-ul-maal) to the other (mudarib) for investment in a commercial enterprise.
Insurance has become a need of businesses and individuals for mitigating risks and losses and lessening the impact of catastrophes on their lives and wealth.
When Islamic banking started functioning in the 1970s, it also required a Shar¯ı´ah-compliant alternative to conventional insurance, considered against the Shar¯ı´ah tenets due to the involvement of Riba, Gharar and gambling. To fill the gap in the cycle of Islamic finance, the system of Takaful has been developed and a large number of Takaful companies are providing services in various regions of the world.
This slide program explains in the light of Quran and Hadith that Riba transactions are prohibited in Islam. It provides replies to the questions raised about prohibition of Riba.
Financial Instrument that play a role to bring input resourse for output financial participation. It is the method to structure the capital base for a transaction or a project.
The concept of musharakah and mudarabah envisaged in the books of Islamic Fiqh generally presumes that these contracts are meant for initiating a joint venture whereby all the partners participate in the business right from it’s inception and continue to be partners upto the end of the business when all the assets are liquidated . One can hardly find in the traditional books of Islamic Fiqh the concept of a running business where partners join and leave the enterprise without affecting in any way the continuity of the business. Obviously, the classical books of Islamic Fiqh were written in an environment where the large scale commercial enterprises were not in vogue and the commercial activities were not so complex as they are today. Therefore, they did not generally dwell upon the question of such a running business.
Financial Assets: Debit vs Equity Securities.pptxWrito-Finance
financial assets represent claim for future benefit or cash. Financial assets are formed by establishing contracts between participants. These financial assets are used for collection of huge amounts of money for business purposes.
Two major Types: Debt Securities and Equity Securities.
Debt Securities are Also known as fixed-income securities or instruments. The type of assets is formed by establishing contracts between investor and issuer of the asset.
• The first type of Debit securities is BONDS. Bonds are issued by corporations and government (both local and national government).
• The second important type of Debit security is NOTES. Apart from similarities associated with notes and bonds, notes have shorter term maturity.
• The 3rd important type of Debit security is TRESURY BILLS. These securities have short-term ranging from three months, six months, and one year. Issuer of such securities are governments.
• Above discussed debit securities are mostly issued by governments and corporations. CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSITS CDs are issued by Banks and Financial Institutions. Risk factor associated with CDs gets reduced when issued by reputable institutions or Banks.
Following are the risk attached with debt securities: Credit risk, interest rate risk and currency risk
There are no fixed maturity dates in such securities, and asset’s value is determined by company’s performance. There are two major types of equity securities: common stock and preferred stock.
Common Stock: These are simple equity securities and bear no complexities which the preferred stock bears. Holders of such securities or instrument have the voting rights when it comes to select the company’s board of director or the business decisions to be made.
Preferred Stock: Preferred stocks are sometime referred to as hybrid securities, because it contains elements of both debit security and equity security. Preferred stock confers ownership rights to security holder that is why it is equity instrument
<a href="https://www.writofinance.com/equity-securities-features-types-risk/" >Equity securities </a> as a whole is used for capital funding for companies. Companies have multiple expenses to cover. Potential growth of company is required in competitive market. So, these securities are used for capital generation, and then uses it for company’s growth.
Concluding remarks
Both are employed in business. Businesses are often established through debit securities, then what is the need for equity securities. Companies have to cover multiple expenses and expansion of business. They can also use equity instruments for repayment of debits. So, there are multiple uses for securities. As an investor, you need tools for analysis. Investment decisions are made by carefully analyzing the market. For better analysis of the stock market, investors often employ financial analysis of companies.
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
If you're dreaming of owning a home in California's rural or suburban areas, a USDA loan might be the perfect solution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers these loans to help low-to-moderate-income individuals and families achieve homeownership.
Key Features of USDA Loans:
Zero Down Payment: USDA loans require no down payment, making homeownership more accessible.
Competitive Interest Rates: These loans often come with lower interest rates compared to conventional loans.
Flexible Credit Requirements: USDA loans have more lenient credit score requirements, helping those with less-than-perfect credit.
Guaranteed Loan Program: The USDA guarantees a portion of the loan, reducing risk for lenders and expanding borrowing options.
Eligibility Criteria:
Location: The property must be located in a USDA-designated rural or suburban area. Many areas in California qualify.
Income Limits: Applicants must meet income guidelines, which vary by region and household size.
Primary Residence: The home must be used as the borrower's primary residence.
Application Process:
Find a USDA-Approved Lender: Not all lenders offer USDA loans, so it's essential to choose one approved by the USDA.
Pre-Qualification: Determine your eligibility and the amount you can borrow.
Property Search: Look for properties in eligible rural or suburban areas.
Loan Application: Submit your application, including financial and personal information.
Processing and Approval: The lender and USDA will review your application. If approved, you can proceed to closing.
USDA loans are an excellent option for those looking to buy a home in California's rural and suburban areas. With no down payment and flexible requirements, these loans make homeownership more attainable for many families. Explore your eligibility today and take the first step toward owning your dream home.
US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
what is the future of Pi Network currency.DOT TECH
The future of the Pi cryptocurrency is uncertain, and its success will depend on several factors. Pi is a relatively new cryptocurrency that aims to be user-friendly and accessible to a wide audience. Here are a few key considerations for its future:
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram if u want to sell PI COINS.
1. Mainnet Launch: As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, Pi was still in the testnet phase. Its success will depend on a successful transition to a mainnet, where actual transactions can take place.
2. User Adoption: Pi's success will be closely tied to user adoption. The more users who join the network and actively participate, the stronger the ecosystem can become.
3. Utility and Use Cases: For a cryptocurrency to thrive, it must offer utility and practical use cases. The Pi team has talked about various applications, including peer-to-peer transactions, smart contracts, and more. The development and implementation of these features will be essential.
4. Regulatory Environment: The regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies is evolving globally. How Pi navigates and complies with regulations in various jurisdictions will significantly impact its future.
5. Technology Development: The Pi network must continue to develop and improve its technology, security, and scalability to compete with established cryptocurrencies.
6. Community Engagement: The Pi community plays a critical role in its future. Engaged users can help build trust and grow the network.
7. Monetization and Sustainability: The Pi team's monetization strategy, such as fees, partnerships, or other revenue sources, will affect its long-term sustainability.
It's essential to approach Pi or any new cryptocurrency with caution and conduct due diligence. Cryptocurrency investments involve risks, and potential rewards can be uncertain. The success and future of Pi will depend on the collective efforts of its team, community, and the broader cryptocurrency market dynamics. It's advisable to stay updated on Pi's development and follow any updates from the official Pi Network website or announcements from the team.
Introduction to Indian Financial System ()Avanish Goel
The financial system of a country is an important tool for economic development of the country, as it helps in creation of wealth by linking savings with investments.
It facilitates the flow of funds form the households (savers) to business firms (investors) to aid in wealth creation and development of both the parties
how to sell pi coins on Bitmart crypto exchangeDOT TECH
Yes. Pi network coins can be exchanged but not on bitmart exchange. Because pi network is still in the enclosed mainnet. The only way pioneers are able to trade pi coins is by reselling the pi coins to pi verified merchants.
A verified merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell it to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
how can i use my minded pi coins I need some funds.DOT TECH
If you are interested in selling your pi coins, i have a verified pi merchant, who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
Because the core team has announced that pi network will not be doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges like huobi, bitmart and hotbit can get pi is by buying from miners.
Now a merchant stands in between these exchanges and the miners. As a link to make transactions smooth. Because right now in the enclosed mainnet you can't sell pi coins your self. You need the help of a merchant,
i will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant below. 👇 I and my friends has traded more than 3000pi coins with him successfully.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
what is the best method to sell pi coins in 2024DOT TECH
The best way to sell your pi coins safely is trading with an exchange..but since pi is not launched in any exchange, and second option is through a VERIFIED pi merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and pioneers and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive amounts before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade pi coins with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
2. There are basically three modes of Islamic financing are:
Participatory modes:
1. Mudarabah
2. Musharakah
3. Diminishing partnership
Sale modes:
1. Murabahah
2. Istisna
3. Salam
•
Rent based modes:
1. Ijarah (Leasing)
2. Tawaruq
3. Mudarabah:
•It simply means equity finance.
•This is a contract between two parties a capital owner and
investment manager. Profit is distributed between two parties in
accordance with the ratio that they agree upon at the time of
contract.
•Financial loss is borne by the capital owner. The loss to the manager
being the opportunity cost of his own labor which failed to generate
any income from him.
4. Capacities of Mudarabah:
•Amen (Trustee).
•Wakeel (Agent).
•Shareek (Partner).
•Ajeer (Employee).
Collective Mudarabah:
It means a joint pool created by many investors and handled over to a single Mudharib
who is normally a juristic person.
Relationship:
It creates two different relationships:
•Relationship between investors which is Shirkah or Partnership.
•Relationship of all the investors with Mudharib which is Mudharabah.
Mudarabah:
5. Musharakah:
•This contract is similar to that of the Mudarabah with the
difference that in the case of musharakah both partners
participate in the management and provision of capital and
also share the profit and loss equally.
•Profits are distributed between partners in accordance with
agreed ratio but the loss must be distributed in proportion to
the share of each in the total capital.
6. Rules of Musharakah:
•Assets of musharakah are jointly owned in proportion to the capital of each partner.
•Ratio of the profit distribution must be agrees at the time of the execution of the contract.
•Profit is based on the agreement of the parties but loss is always subject to the ratio of investment.
Management of Musharakah:
•Each partner has right to take part in management.
•the partners may point a managing partner by mutual consent.
Application of Musharakah:
•Investment accounts- depositors are sleeping partners and bank also invest its own funds.
•Stock companies.
•Bank invests its funds with an importer/exporter.
Musharakah:
7. Diminishing Partnership:
This is a contract between the financer (the bank)
and a beneficiary in which the two agree to enter
into a partnership to own an asset as described
above but on the condition that the financier will
gradually sell his share to the beneficiary at an
agreed price and in accordance with an agreed
schedule.
8. It is a particular kind of sale and not a
mode of financing in its origin. Where
the transaction is done on a “cost plus
profit” basis i.e. the seller discloses the
cost to the buyer and adds a certain profit
to it to arrive at the final selling price.
Murabahah:
9. Banking Murabahah:
•The sequence of their execution is extremely important to make the transaction Shariah
complaint.
•It is a bunch of contracts completed in steps and ultimately suffices the financial needs
of the client.
Steps in Murabahah:
•A mutual understanding to conduct a business at a later stage.
•Client specifies a property belonging to a third party bank can accept or refuse.
• Bank takes undertaking from client to purchase the property subsequently to the banks
purchases of the property.
•Client becomes the agent of the bank to purchase a property on the behalf of the bank.
•Property is purchased by the bank either directly or via its agent (client) and liability is
assumed by the bank.
•Client purchases property from the bank. This is the Murabahah bit.
Murabahah:
10. Ijarah:
The term Ijarah is used in two situations:
•To employ the services of a person on wages.
•Paying rent for the use of an asset or property defined
as “LAND” in Islamic Economics
It literally means “To give something on rent”.
11. Ijarah as a mood of financing:
•Ijarah is Islamic alternative to Leasing.
•Risk and rewards of ownership lie with the owner.
•Late payment penalty cannot be charged to the income of the Lessor.
Rules of Ijarah:
•Since owner of the leased asset remains with the lessor.
•All the rights and liabilities relating to ownership are borne by the lessor.
•The lessee is responsible for damage to the asset caused by fraud or negligence.
•Rent may only be charged after delivery of the asset to the lessee in a usable condition.
•Insurance is a cost related to ownership of the assets and must be borne by the lessor.
Applications of Ijarah:
•For long and medium term fixed asset financing like plant, equipment, generators and etc.
•Retail products like care financing, durable financing and etc.
Ijarah:
12. Istisna:
•In this contract the customer give an order to the
producer to manufacture a specific commodity for the
purchase.
•It is also defined as “It is sale transaction where
commodity is transacted before it comes into existence”.
•Price must be fixed but need not to be paid in advance.
13. It is defined as “Price is in cash but the supply of goods is deferred”.
It is also defined as “Seller undertakes to supply specific goods to the buyer
at a future date in exchange of an advanced price fully paid at the spot”.
Purpose of Salam:
•To meet the need of small farmers who need money to grow their
crops and to feed their family up to the time of harvest.
•To meet the need of traders for import and export business.
Salam:
14. To purchase a commodity on
credit and sell at the spot to a
third party at a loss with the
objective of acquiring cash.
Tawaruq: