1. The document outlines various Islamic modes of financing including mudarabah (passive partnership), musharakah (active partnership), diminishing partnership, murabahah (sales contract at a profit markup), ijara (leasing), leasing ending in purchase of the leased asset, istisna, and salam. 2. Islamic banks utilize these modes on both the liability (resource mobilization) and asset (resource utilization) sides. On the liability side, mudarabah is most frequently used to attract investment deposits where profit is shared. On the asset side, both fixed return modes like murabahah and leasing and variable return modes like mudarabah and musharakah are used, though