The document discusses modelling the information sharing process in military coalitions. It outlines the motivation, which is that coalitions require partners to share information but barriers like culture can impede sharing. It also describes findings from a case study that showed information sharing resembles a market where source and recipient both initiate exchange. The authors are developing an agent-based simulation model to further study how trust and social networks impact information sharing in coalitions.

1. Modelling Information Sharing Process in Military Coalitions Tim Grant & Gijs van den Heuvel Netherlands Defence Academy (NLDA) [email_address] Tel: +31 76 527 3261 Mob: +31 638 193 749

8. Motivation (6) Grant & vd Heuvel: Modelling information sharing process in coalitions 4 May 10 Tarin Kowt, Afghanistan October 2009 (Photo Gijs van den Heuvel)

15. Related literature (3) Grant & vd Heuvel: Modelling information sharing process in coalitions 4 May 10 9. Evaluate 1. Generate 2. Transform 3. Enable 4. Use internally 5. Transfer 6. Add value 7. Use professionally 8. Use personally Simard, 2006 Organization (Performance / Supply)  (Market / Demand)  Forestry Metals & Minerals Energy Earth Sciences Natural Resources

16. Related literature (4) Grant & vd Heuvel: Modelling information sharing process in coalitions 4 May 10 Postma, 2010

19. Any questions? Grant & vd Heuvel: Modelling information sharing process in coalitions 4 May 10

20. What we are doing now (1) Network Source Recipient Recipient’s context Source’s context push pull task transfer Grant, 2010 (forthcoming) Complete model: 4 May 10 Grant & vd Heuvel: Modelling information sharing process in coalitions Encoding message Encoding query Decoding result Decoding instruction Observations Feed Forward Decision (Hypothesis) Action (Test) Feed Forward Cultural Traditions Genetic Heritage New Information Previous Experience Feed Forward Unfolding Interaction With Environment Unfolding Interaction With Environment Observations Feed Forward Decision (Hypothesis) Action (Test) Feed Forward Cultural Traditions Genetic Heritage New Information Previous Experience Feed Forward Unfolding Interaction With Environment Unfolding Interaction With Environment Observations Feed Forward Decision (Hypothesis) Action (Test) Feed Forward Cultural Traditions Genetic Heritage New Information Previous Experience Feed Forward Unfolding Interaction With Environment Unfolding Interaction With Environment

21. What we are doing now (2) 4 May 10 Grant & vd Heuvel: Modelling information sharing process in coalitions Agent network: Network Source Recipient Encoding message Encoding query Decoding result Recipient’s context Source’s context Decoding instruction Grant, 2010 (forthcoming) Agent Set Filter Prototypes Actuators Sensors Observing Acting Sensemaking Expected Situation Situation not recognised Retrieve alternative COA Expectations Actions Plans Observation Environment Selected Plan Signal Assessors Planners Decisionmakers Sensemakers New/modified Prototype Control of planning Prototypes Observed prototypes Control of Sensemaking Goals Deciding Unexpected situation Orienting Planning Grant & Kooter, 2005

22. What we are doing now (3) Grant & vd Heuvel: Modelling information sharing process in coalitions 4 May 10 Root class Simulation layer Agent class ... ... its OODA-RR components (processes) ... & their data-structures (information network) Teams whose norms agents adopt by membership (social network) (Technical) networks thru which agents share information

23. What we are doing now (4) Habitat Herman Benny Brenda Anne Albert Rover-1 Rover-2 Team A decentralised Rest centralised (3) create plan (4) allocate tasks Benny dies ! 4 May 10 Grant & vd Heuvel: Modelling information sharing process in coalitions (1) spacesuit fails (2) notify of failure (5) bring Benny (6) I don’t take orders from you!

24. Any (more) questions? Grant & vd Heuvel: Modelling information sharing process in coalitions 4 May 10