The document discusses blood grouping and cross matching for compatibility testing prior to blood transfusion. It describes identifying the patient and blood samples, performing ABO and Rh typing of the recipient and donor blood, testing the patient's serum for clinically significant antibodies, and conducting the serological cross match. The steps of cross matching involve incubating the patient's serum with the donor's red blood cells to check for agglutination, which would indicate incompatibility. Proper documentation, avoiding problematic samples, and performing forward and reverse grouping are also outlined.

2. Presentation :
Blood Grouping
&
Cross Match (Compatibility Testing)
Presenter
Iqbal Hussain

3.  Selection of safest blood components for transfusion
 With acceptable donor’s red cell survival rates
 Without destruction of recipient’s red cells
 Confirms ABO compatibility
 Cross matching between patient’s serum and donor’s cells
will detect antibodies to other blood groups, if present.
Purpose
Compatibility Testing

4. 1. Identification of patient & its sample
o patient full name & hospital registration #
o name of requesting physician
o date & time of sample collection
o initials of phlebotomist
o information clearly written on requisition form and sample
2. ABO & Rh of recipient and donor blood
3. Test for clinically significant red cell antibodies on
patient serum
Steps in pre-transfusion testing
Compatibility Testing

5. 1. Identification of patient & its sample
o patient full name & hospital registration #
o name of requesting physician
o date & time of sample collection
o initials of phlebotomist
o information clearly written on requisition form and sample
2. ABO & Rh of recipient and donor blood
3. Test for clinically significant red cell antibodies on patient
serum
4. Performance of serological cross match
Steps in pre-transfusion testing
Compatibility Testing

6. Pre-transfusion testing procedure
Compatibility Testing
Donor Unit Testing
ABO grouping:
Rh grouping
TTD (Transfusion transmitted disease ) testing for mandatory
markers
Recipient Testing
ABO grouping:
Rh grouping,
Cross match

7. Patient serum
2 drops
Incubation
37oC, 1 hr
Donor RBC
1 drop,
5% Centrifuge
2 drops AHG
Mix properly
Agglutination =
incompatible
No agglutination
= compatible
Cross Matching Procedure
Compatibility Testing

8. Compatibility Testing
Phase Detects
Saline phase ABO incompatibilities
AHG phase Rh,
Points to remember:
 Preserve recipients serum & donor red cell segment for a week.
However, fresh sample of the patient is needed after 48 hrs of
transfusion
 Do not withdraw sample from the IV line
 Infuse red blood cells within 4 hours
Cross Matching Procedure

9.  All record to be initialed by the technician
performing the test
 Result to be entered in blood grouping
register, cross matching report proforma,
donor and master donor record register
Compatibility Testing
Documentation

10.  Incomplete requisition forms
 Haemolyzed samples
 EDTA and clotted sample
oPlasma prevents detection of complement
dependent antibodies
oFibrin clots, which may form, can be mistaken for
agglutination
Compatibility Testing
Problems In Cross Matching

11. Main Methods Of Grouping
• The forward grouping
• suggests the presence or absence of A and B antigens
in RBCs,
• whereas reverse grouping indicates the presence or
absences of anti-A and anti-B in serum
• In this method, a glass slide or white tile support is
divided into three parts, as for each part, a drop of
donor or recipient blood is mixed with anti-A, anti-B
and anti-D separately.

12. Blood grouping chart