HEALTH

1. SUBJECT:SIMPLE DIAGNOSIS
LECTURE:HUSSEIN ALI NOR
Compatibility Testing (cross matching)

2. Experiment in which an unknown (patient)
serum and (donor) red cells are tested for the
detection of unexpected antibodies which are
directed against antigens found on the cells
Negative results indicate compatibility
Compatibility Testing:

3. Purpose
Selection of safest blood components for
transfusion
With acceptable donor’s red cell survival rates
Without destruction of recipient’s red cells
Contin…

4. Compatibility testing
Confirms ABO compatibility
Detects clinically significant unexpected
antibodies
 Compatibility testing:

5. Major cross match: Test donor cells with
recipient’s serum to detect antibodies in
patient
Minor cross match: Test donor serum with
recipient’s red cells to detect antibodies in
donor plasma
Types of cross match:

6. Major & minor cross matching:
Contin….

7. 1. Identification of patient & its sample
opatient full name & hospital registration
oname of requesting Clinician
odate & time of sample collection
oinitials of Technician
oinformation clearly written on requisition form
and sample
Steps in Cross-Matching:

8. 1. ABO & Rh of recipient and donor blood
2. Test for clinically significant red cell
antibodies on patient serum.
Contin…

9. 4. Selection of appropriate unit of blood
ABO & Rh compatible
Expiration date
Contin….

10. 5.Performance of serological cross match
6.Labeling of component with patient
identification details
Contin….

11. 7.Issue after verification of patient identity
alongwith compatibility report & reaction form
Contin….

12. Donor Unit Testing
ABO grouping
Rh grouping: Rh (D)
Pre-transfusion testing procedure:

13. Recipient Testing
ABO grouping: Forward
Rh grouping
Cross match
Contin…

14. Cross matching should be performed at
following phases
oSaline phase at room temperature
oAHG phase
Cross Matching Procedure:

15. Detects only IgM antibody, reactive at 22oC.
Clinically significant IgG antibody reactive at
37oC not detected
Immediate Spin Technique (IST):

16. Immediate Spin Technique (IST):
Contin…..

17. Conventional AHG-Cross match:
Conventional AHG-Cross match:

18. Cross matching: Clinical Urgency:
Clinical urgency :

19. Selection of alternative blood group for
transfusion:

20. Expired / contaminated reagents
Improper cell concentration (cell : serum ratio)
Labeling errors
Improper washing of red cells before forward
grouping
Equipment – Improper centrifugation
Dirty glass wares
Poor Documentation
Technical Problems:
Normal sample Hemolysed

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