This document summarizes a methodology for estimating corrosion rates on pipelines by comparing data from multiple in-line inspections. It involves three steps: 1) Filtering and adjusting inspection data to account for reporting thresholds and potential biases. 2) Determining average corrosion growth rates between inspections based on filtered populations. 3) Calculating individual corrosion growth rates for defects based on mean depths in surrounding areas. The methodology aims to provide quick yet realistic estimates of corrosion progression to inform pipeline integrity management strategies. A case study demonstrates the robustness of the approach.
This document discusses the selection of pipe materials for water distribution networks. It outlines a methodology for comparing ductile cast iron (DCI) pipes and polyethylene (PE) pipes based on quantitative and qualitative parameters. Quantitative parameters like initial investment costs and whole-life costs are analyzed. Qualitative parameters like environmental impact, corrosion resistance, durability, and operational experience are also evaluated and rated for each material. The methodology is intended to help objectively evaluate pipe materials for specific network applications and diameters. While PE is generally better for smaller diameters and DCI for larger, each project requires analyzing multiple factors to determine the optimal material.
The Tekes project Structural integrity of Ni-base alloy welds (SINI) was carried out at Aalto University and VTT during the period from 2010 to 2014. In nuclear industry applications, the degradation of Ni-base alloy dissimilar metal welds (DMWs), both in pressurised water reactor (PWR) and in boiling water reactor (BWR) plants, is an extensive international problem. The project participates with ongoing international cooperation in USA (Electric Power Research Institute EPRI, Alloy 690/52/152 PWSCC Research Collaboration) and in Japan (Tohoku University) for the conduction of new Ni-base alloy research. The research need is actual, especially because indications have been found in the DMWs in the reactor pressure vessel nozzle of BWRs similar to Finnish BWR designs and European pressurised water reactor (EPR PWR) -plant under construction contains a large number of varying and new types of dissimilar metal welds of which no previous experience is available.
The main focus of the project was to investigate the weldability of Alloy 690 base metal corresponding filler metal Alloy 52 and the properties of the welded joint. Comparable reactor pressure vessel (RPV) safe-end weld joint was made by narrow-gap tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding with Alloy 52 filler metal for research purposes. Also prototypical BWR reactor pressure vessel (RPV) safe-end weld joint was made with Alloy 82/182 filler metals. Determination of the mechanical properties and characterization of the microstructures of the welded joints were conducted. Crack initiation tests in autoclave were made in different environments. After PINC (Program for the Inspection of Nickel Alloy Components) round-robin program new PARENT (Program to Assess Reliability of Emerging Non-destructive Techniques for Dissimilar Metal Welds) round-robin program was started where VTT participated. Based on the PINC results, new non-destructive testing methods were developed to enhance the reliability of detection and accuracy of sizing of flaws in nickel-based alloy dissimilar metal welds.
Separate reports:
1. Holmström, P. (2012), The effect of mismatch on the mechanical properties of a dissimilar metal weld. M.Sc. Thesis, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland, 162 p. + app. 4 p.
2. Mouginot, R. and Hänninen, H. (2013), Microstructures of nickel-base alloy dissimilar metal welds. Aalto University publication series SCIENCE + TECHNOLOGY, 5/2013, https://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/handle/123456789/9006, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland, 178 p.
3. Keinänen, H. (2013), Computational estimation of the risk of hot cracking in narrow gap welding. Research report VTT-R-08369-13, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland, 27 p. + app. 10 p.
This poem discusses how people have different abilities and needs despite wanting to enjoy the same activities. While some people can walk, see, breathe, hear, and play without assistance, the poem introduces several children who require tools like a special chair, glasses, medicine, and a hearing aid to do the same things. However, the last line reveals that despite these differences, we are all similar in wanting to have fun and be included.
Paper published in The Journal of Pipeline Engineering: A practical Approach to Pipeline Corrosion Modelling: Part 2 - Short-term integrity forecasting
Done by Group: Wakrag_rock8
School: Al Wakra Independent School for Girls
Composites Module: Students discover what composite materials are and test them to learn their advantages over pure materials. Finally, at the end of the workshop, they design new composite materials.
This project: Fighting corrosion in oil pipeline.
Corrosion inspection in oil and gas pipelinedia_dean
This document discusses the causes of corrosion in pipelines in Australia. It identifies three major causes: 1) Pitting corrosion, which occurs when pipes made of ductile iron are buried in soil, damaging the protective oxide scale; 2) Stress corrosion cracking, where cracks nucleate and propagate under tensile stress in a corrosive environment; and 3) Galvanic corrosion, which occurs via ion flow when two dissimilar metals are connected in an electrolyte. Corrosion costs Australia $13 billion annually and has caused major accidents by rupturing gas pipelines. Identifying the causes of corrosion is important for reducing hazards and costs to the oil and gas industry.
Corrosion is a major issue for oil and gas pipelines that can reduce strength and cause leaks over time. To monitor corrosion, pipelines are inspected using inline inspection tools like pigs and cathodic protection monitoring. Ultrasonic and magnetic flux leakage pigs can detect internal and external corrosion defects to assess pipeline integrity and prevent failures. Inspection data is analyzed to guide pipeline maintenance and management programs to protect pipelines and prevent accidents.
This document discusses the selection of pipe materials for water distribution networks. It outlines a methodology for comparing ductile cast iron (DCI) pipes and polyethylene (PE) pipes based on quantitative and qualitative parameters. Quantitative parameters like initial investment costs and whole-life costs are analyzed. Qualitative parameters like environmental impact, corrosion resistance, durability, and operational experience are also evaluated and rated for each material. The methodology is intended to help objectively evaluate pipe materials for specific network applications and diameters. While PE is generally better for smaller diameters and DCI for larger, each project requires analyzing multiple factors to determine the optimal material.
The Tekes project Structural integrity of Ni-base alloy welds (SINI) was carried out at Aalto University and VTT during the period from 2010 to 2014. In nuclear industry applications, the degradation of Ni-base alloy dissimilar metal welds (DMWs), both in pressurised water reactor (PWR) and in boiling water reactor (BWR) plants, is an extensive international problem. The project participates with ongoing international cooperation in USA (Electric Power Research Institute EPRI, Alloy 690/52/152 PWSCC Research Collaboration) and in Japan (Tohoku University) for the conduction of new Ni-base alloy research. The research need is actual, especially because indications have been found in the DMWs in the reactor pressure vessel nozzle of BWRs similar to Finnish BWR designs and European pressurised water reactor (EPR PWR) -plant under construction contains a large number of varying and new types of dissimilar metal welds of which no previous experience is available.
The main focus of the project was to investigate the weldability of Alloy 690 base metal corresponding filler metal Alloy 52 and the properties of the welded joint. Comparable reactor pressure vessel (RPV) safe-end weld joint was made by narrow-gap tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding with Alloy 52 filler metal for research purposes. Also prototypical BWR reactor pressure vessel (RPV) safe-end weld joint was made with Alloy 82/182 filler metals. Determination of the mechanical properties and characterization of the microstructures of the welded joints were conducted. Crack initiation tests in autoclave were made in different environments. After PINC (Program for the Inspection of Nickel Alloy Components) round-robin program new PARENT (Program to Assess Reliability of Emerging Non-destructive Techniques for Dissimilar Metal Welds) round-robin program was started where VTT participated. Based on the PINC results, new non-destructive testing methods were developed to enhance the reliability of detection and accuracy of sizing of flaws in nickel-based alloy dissimilar metal welds.
Separate reports:
1. Holmström, P. (2012), The effect of mismatch on the mechanical properties of a dissimilar metal weld. M.Sc. Thesis, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland, 162 p. + app. 4 p.
2. Mouginot, R. and Hänninen, H. (2013), Microstructures of nickel-base alloy dissimilar metal welds. Aalto University publication series SCIENCE + TECHNOLOGY, 5/2013, https://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/handle/123456789/9006, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland, 178 p.
3. Keinänen, H. (2013), Computational estimation of the risk of hot cracking in narrow gap welding. Research report VTT-R-08369-13, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland, 27 p. + app. 10 p.
This poem discusses how people have different abilities and needs despite wanting to enjoy the same activities. While some people can walk, see, breathe, hear, and play without assistance, the poem introduces several children who require tools like a special chair, glasses, medicine, and a hearing aid to do the same things. However, the last line reveals that despite these differences, we are all similar in wanting to have fun and be included.
Paper published in The Journal of Pipeline Engineering: A practical Approach to Pipeline Corrosion Modelling: Part 2 - Short-term integrity forecasting
Done by Group: Wakrag_rock8
School: Al Wakra Independent School for Girls
Composites Module: Students discover what composite materials are and test them to learn their advantages over pure materials. Finally, at the end of the workshop, they design new composite materials.
This project: Fighting corrosion in oil pipeline.
Corrosion inspection in oil and gas pipelinedia_dean
This document discusses the causes of corrosion in pipelines in Australia. It identifies three major causes: 1) Pitting corrosion, which occurs when pipes made of ductile iron are buried in soil, damaging the protective oxide scale; 2) Stress corrosion cracking, where cracks nucleate and propagate under tensile stress in a corrosive environment; and 3) Galvanic corrosion, which occurs via ion flow when two dissimilar metals are connected in an electrolyte. Corrosion costs Australia $13 billion annually and has caused major accidents by rupturing gas pipelines. Identifying the causes of corrosion is important for reducing hazards and costs to the oil and gas industry.
Corrosion is a major issue for oil and gas pipelines that can reduce strength and cause leaks over time. To monitor corrosion, pipelines are inspected using inline inspection tools like pigs and cathodic protection monitoring. Ultrasonic and magnetic flux leakage pigs can detect internal and external corrosion defects to assess pipeline integrity and prevent failures. Inspection data is analyzed to guide pipeline maintenance and management programs to protect pipelines and prevent accidents.
Simulation and Modelling of Pipeline Corrosion and Integrity Management in Oi...ijtsrd
In this research work, Monte Carlo Simulation and degradation models were used to predict the corrosion rate and reliability of crude oil pipelines. Discrete random numbers simulated from Inline Inspection Data were used to predict the corrosion rate using Linear and Power Law Model. The mean time for failure MTFF was estimated with the degradation models. The result of the study shows that the degradation models and Monte Carlo simulation can predict the corrosion rate of the pipelines to an accuracy of between 83.05-98.33 and 84.24- 97.94 respectively. From the plot the lowest degradation recorded was 1.67 Power law and highest 16.95 Power Law , for Linear Model Law, the lowest value recorded was 2.11 while the highest is 15.23 . In comparison to the value obtained from Monte Carlo Simulation 2.01 lowest and 15.76 highest , all the values fall between 1.67 to16.95 . Thus, RMSE of between 1.67 and 16.95 was recorded for the degradation models. Therefore, the statistical models give the expected number of failures. The results of the statistical models can be used in reliability analysis, risk analysis, and optimum maintenance decisions. Nse Peter Essang "Simulation and Modelling of Pipeline Corrosion and Integrity Management in Oil and Gas Industry" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21411.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/gas-engineering/21411/simulation-and-modelling-of-pipeline-corrosion-and-integrity-management-in-oil-and-gas-industry/nse-peter-essang
The document presents a novel approach to predicting corrosion rate in buried steel pipes using a modified artificial neural network (MANN) coupled with Monte Carlo simulation. Input parameters like soil pH, temperature, and atmospheric temperature were assumed to be normally distributed based on experimental data. The MANN was used to establish relationships between these inputs and corrosion penetration rate (CPR) output, deriving polynomial equations. Monte Carlo simulation then estimated CPR probabilities for different scenarios using the MANN equations. Results from over 125,000 simulations showed 80% correlation with experimental data and reliably estimated negative CPR values for nickel-coated samples, agreeing with actual weight gain. The approach provides an accurate and flexible means for predicting pipe corrosion rates.
IRJET- Determination of Time Period and Evaluation of Seismic Response of...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study that compares different approaches for determining the time period of a multi-story building, including codal, analytical software, and experimental methods. An analytical model and scaled steel experimental model of a 5-story building are developed. Time periods calculated from the different approaches are compared. Dynamic analysis is then conducted using the different time periods to determine seismic response parameters like base shear, displacement, and drift. Finally, the effects of the different time periods on structural design of beams and columns are evaluated. The experimental approach resulted in the lowest time period and highest seismic demands, requiring the largest beam and column sections. In general, the experimental method produced the most conservative estimates of time period and structural response.
CUI PAPER Bahrain v2 - 7April2015 (2)- edited 02 November 2015 ShortGary Penney
This document describes a project to develop a fitness-for-service (FFS) tool for inspecting corrosion under insulation (CUI) using long range ultrasonic testing (LRUT). The project is being conducted in phases: Phase 1 evaluated LRUT performance on a test loop with simulated CUI defects. Future phases will develop an FFS tool directly using LRUT data and better understand factors affecting LRUT performance. The document provides background on CUI and details the design of the Phase 1 experiment, which involved constructing a test loop and evaluating LRUT detection of multiple CUI defects by experienced operators.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A Review on Recent Trends in Non Destructive Testing Applicationsvivatechijri
The field of NDT is a very large and interdisciplinary field that plays a critical role in inspection of
crucial component. These test may fail due to either the fault in the equipment used, the miss application of the
methods or the However, these techniques generally require considerable operator skill and interpreting test
results. This paper presents the reviews of different works in the area of NDT and tries to find out recent and
trends available in industries and other fields in order to minimize the total equipment cost, minimize damages
and maximize the safety of machines, structures and materials
LONGEVITY ASSESSMENT AND LIFE SPAN ENHANCEMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING STRUCTURESIRJET Journal
The document reviews various methods for assessing the longevity and enhancing the lifespan of civil engineering structures, focusing on techniques for condition assessment using non-destructive testing (NDT) and structural health monitoring (SHM). It provides an overview of different investigations that have been conducted on structures like buildings, bridges, roads, tunnels and dams. While much research has examined damage detection in bridges, the document notes that little work has analyzed condition assessment specifically for building structures.
In this paper study of Gas Tungsten Arc Welding
(GTAW) process used for Aerospace application, the
material used is Maraging steel (MDN250).The weld
defects are a major concern leading to rework, higher costs
and thus affecting the delivery schedule of the job. The
process starts with Welding of long seams and circular
seams in the job, and subsequently carrying out the NDT to
find any defects during welding. A number of defects are
being observed in the welding Process. Defects in welding
may be found out in two methods, i.e. by Radiographic
Tests and by Ultrasonic Tests. The paper deals with an
application of Six Sigma DMAIC (Define–MeasureAnalyze-Improve-Control)
methodology in an industry
which provides a framework to identify, quantify and
eliminate sources of variation in an operational process in
question, to optimize the operation variables. Six Sigma
improves the process performance of the critical
operational process, leading to better utilization of
resources, decreases variations & maintains consistent
quality of the process output.
Substation earthing system design optimisation through the application of qua...Power System Operation
Introduction
A new safety paradigm is evolving, driven by Work
Health & Safety legislation and the explicit requirement
to demonstrate due diligence in managing risk
imposed upon staff and the public. Power system
asset owners are increasingly being required to
demonstrate compliance with the ISO 31000 risk
management standard, which requires reduction
of residual risk to as low as reasonably practicable
(ALARP). Thus, standards committees and asset
owners alike are being required to redevelop existing
Applications of Deep Learning in Construction IndustryGaurav Verma
These slides are based on the following two research questions:
1) What are the possible areas where Deep Learning can be applied in Construction Industry?
2) What are the problems associated with the application of Deep Learning in Construction Industry?
This document reviews reliability prediction methods for electronic devices. It classifies common methods into three categories: bottom-up statistical methods using failure data, top-down similarity analysis methods based on external failure databases, and bottom-up physics-of-failure methods. Several specific methods are described in detail, including how they calculate failure rates at the component and board level using statistical models or physical failure models. The methods each have advantages and limitations in addressing objectives like determining reliability requirements or providing inputs for safety analysis. A combined use of the methods is recommended to best manage reliability over the product development process.
IRJET- Harmonic Analysis of Cantilever Beam with and without CracksIRJET Journal
The document discusses the harmonic analysis of cantilever beams with and without cracks using finite element analysis software SAP2000. Cantilever steel and concrete beam models were developed with varying crack depths and locations. Modal analysis was performed to determine the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the beams. The results show that the presence of cracks, especially those closer to the fixed end, reduce the natural frequencies of beams compared to uncracked beams. Deeper cracks produce a larger decrease in natural frequency. Cracked beams also experience greater displacement under harmonic loads than uncracked beams due to the reduction in stiffness caused by cracks. The study aims to evaluate how crack parameters like depth and location influence vibration characteristics of beams.
IRJET- Non-Destructive Test Application in Civil InfrastructureIRJET Journal
This document discusses non-destructive testing (NDT) methods for assessing the condition of civil infrastructure. It reviews 13 NDT techniques including ultrasonic pulse velocity, surface hardness, impact-echo, ground penetrating radar, and others. For each technique it discusses the applications, advantages, accuracy, limitations, instrumentation, and standards. The goal of the techniques is to allow engineers to evaluate infrastructure for strength, damage, and needed maintenance in a non-destructive manner. Understanding which techniques are suitable and how to properly conduct NDT surveys is important for accurately assessing structural conditions.
The inspiration driving CNC machining undertakings is to make explicit shapes or surface
characteristics for a thing. In view of math and surface completion determinations, conditions for machining
assignments have for the most part been chosen. Assembling ventures endeavor to make high phenomenal things
at decay cost to stay serious inside the market. This exploration zeroed in on growing the advantage of benefit
on PC mathematical control (CNC) by enhancing machining boundaries by processing activities. In this
exploration, the profundity of cut, cutting velocity and feed rate on the aluminum amalgam work piece by the
utilization of carbide unit, embed shaper, HSS were utilized to enhance the advantage of CNC processing
measures by advancing machining boundaries picked to be assessed in this investigation by utilizing Taguchi's
System approach including symmetrical exhibit. The Taguchi strategy is utilized to notice the impact of cycle
boundaries and to look at a portion of the decrease speed, feed and profundity with acknowledgment of the
essential machinability part, surface end. The surface completion has been portrayed as quality attributes and is
accepted to be straightforwardly identified with efficiency.
This document provides a review of the Component Operational Experience Degradation and Ageing Program (CODAP) from 2011-2014. CODAP is an international database operated by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency that collects operational experience on failures and degradation of passive metallic components in nuclear power plants. The summary includes:
- CODAP involves 14 countries and has collected over 4,500 events on pipe failures. It provides a valuable library of operational experience.
- CODAP ensures high data quality and completeness through a quality assurance program. It also includes a knowledge database with technical information on components and degradation mechanisms.
- CODAP data has been used by member countries to identify degradation issues, inform inspection programs
Structural Health Monitoring: Review and practiceIRJET Journal
Structural health monitoring (SHM) aims to monitor infrastructure for degradation but has seen limited practical application. The document discusses reasons for this, including:
1) Sensors can malfunction requiring redundancies and maintenance which increases costs.
2) Electronics have shorter lifespans than structures, requiring frequent replacements.
3) Engineers lack education on SHM, making owners reluctant to rely on the approaches.
While research has advanced algorithms and technologies, reliability and adoption of SHM in assessing structural conditions remains a challenge limiting widespread use in infrastructure management.
Challenges and solutions for improved durability of materials - Concrete in m...Sirris
The document discusses challenges and solutions for improving the durability of materials, specifically reinforced concrete in marine environments. It covers monitoring and modeling of reinforced concrete durability, costs of maintenance in complex marine environments, technologies like structural health monitoring (SHM) that can optimize maintenance, and challenges like fatigue, chloride ingress, and spatial variability that require further progress. The document provides examples of applications of SHM to grouted joints in offshore wind turbines and monitoring of stresses and chlorides in concrete structures.
This article describes a computerized model called the Corrosion Assessment Algorithm (CAA) that was developed to assess corrosion risk in pipelines. The CAA software incorporates factors related to microbiologically influenced corrosion and can distinguish risk of corrosion from cost of corrosion. It uses a questionnaire approach to input data on the pipeline system and subsystems. The software then calculates corrosion risk percentages and compares how risk may change with modifications to the pipeline. Two case studies are presented that demonstrate how the CAA software can evaluate risk levels for internal and external pipeline systems and compare the effects of different mitigation measures.
Corrosion monitoring involves using probes to directly and continuously measure corrosion rates in industrial processes. There are several techniques including corrosion coupons, electrical resistance probes, and linear polarization resistance sensors. These techniques provide both direct online measurements of metal loss over time as well as indirect insights into process conditions that can influence corrosion. By monitoring corrosion rates, facilities can better understand corrosion problems, evaluate prevention methods, and reduce costs from plant downtime and early equipment failure.
Simulation and Modelling of Pipeline Corrosion and Integrity Management in Oi...ijtsrd
In this research work, Monte Carlo Simulation and degradation models were used to predict the corrosion rate and reliability of crude oil pipelines. Discrete random numbers simulated from Inline Inspection Data were used to predict the corrosion rate using Linear and Power Law Model. The mean time for failure MTFF was estimated with the degradation models. The result of the study shows that the degradation models and Monte Carlo simulation can predict the corrosion rate of the pipelines to an accuracy of between 83.05-98.33 and 84.24- 97.94 respectively. From the plot the lowest degradation recorded was 1.67 Power law and highest 16.95 Power Law , for Linear Model Law, the lowest value recorded was 2.11 while the highest is 15.23 . In comparison to the value obtained from Monte Carlo Simulation 2.01 lowest and 15.76 highest , all the values fall between 1.67 to16.95 . Thus, RMSE of between 1.67 and 16.95 was recorded for the degradation models. Therefore, the statistical models give the expected number of failures. The results of the statistical models can be used in reliability analysis, risk analysis, and optimum maintenance decisions. Nse Peter Essang "Simulation and Modelling of Pipeline Corrosion and Integrity Management in Oil and Gas Industry" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21411.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/gas-engineering/21411/simulation-and-modelling-of-pipeline-corrosion-and-integrity-management-in-oil-and-gas-industry/nse-peter-essang
The document presents a novel approach to predicting corrosion rate in buried steel pipes using a modified artificial neural network (MANN) coupled with Monte Carlo simulation. Input parameters like soil pH, temperature, and atmospheric temperature were assumed to be normally distributed based on experimental data. The MANN was used to establish relationships between these inputs and corrosion penetration rate (CPR) output, deriving polynomial equations. Monte Carlo simulation then estimated CPR probabilities for different scenarios using the MANN equations. Results from over 125,000 simulations showed 80% correlation with experimental data and reliably estimated negative CPR values for nickel-coated samples, agreeing with actual weight gain. The approach provides an accurate and flexible means for predicting pipe corrosion rates.
IRJET- Determination of Time Period and Evaluation of Seismic Response of...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study that compares different approaches for determining the time period of a multi-story building, including codal, analytical software, and experimental methods. An analytical model and scaled steel experimental model of a 5-story building are developed. Time periods calculated from the different approaches are compared. Dynamic analysis is then conducted using the different time periods to determine seismic response parameters like base shear, displacement, and drift. Finally, the effects of the different time periods on structural design of beams and columns are evaluated. The experimental approach resulted in the lowest time period and highest seismic demands, requiring the largest beam and column sections. In general, the experimental method produced the most conservative estimates of time period and structural response.
CUI PAPER Bahrain v2 - 7April2015 (2)- edited 02 November 2015 ShortGary Penney
This document describes a project to develop a fitness-for-service (FFS) tool for inspecting corrosion under insulation (CUI) using long range ultrasonic testing (LRUT). The project is being conducted in phases: Phase 1 evaluated LRUT performance on a test loop with simulated CUI defects. Future phases will develop an FFS tool directly using LRUT data and better understand factors affecting LRUT performance. The document provides background on CUI and details the design of the Phase 1 experiment, which involved constructing a test loop and evaluating LRUT detection of multiple CUI defects by experienced operators.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A Review on Recent Trends in Non Destructive Testing Applicationsvivatechijri
The field of NDT is a very large and interdisciplinary field that plays a critical role in inspection of
crucial component. These test may fail due to either the fault in the equipment used, the miss application of the
methods or the However, these techniques generally require considerable operator skill and interpreting test
results. This paper presents the reviews of different works in the area of NDT and tries to find out recent and
trends available in industries and other fields in order to minimize the total equipment cost, minimize damages
and maximize the safety of machines, structures and materials
LONGEVITY ASSESSMENT AND LIFE SPAN ENHANCEMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING STRUCTURESIRJET Journal
The document reviews various methods for assessing the longevity and enhancing the lifespan of civil engineering structures, focusing on techniques for condition assessment using non-destructive testing (NDT) and structural health monitoring (SHM). It provides an overview of different investigations that have been conducted on structures like buildings, bridges, roads, tunnels and dams. While much research has examined damage detection in bridges, the document notes that little work has analyzed condition assessment specifically for building structures.
In this paper study of Gas Tungsten Arc Welding
(GTAW) process used for Aerospace application, the
material used is Maraging steel (MDN250).The weld
defects are a major concern leading to rework, higher costs
and thus affecting the delivery schedule of the job. The
process starts with Welding of long seams and circular
seams in the job, and subsequently carrying out the NDT to
find any defects during welding. A number of defects are
being observed in the welding Process. Defects in welding
may be found out in two methods, i.e. by Radiographic
Tests and by Ultrasonic Tests. The paper deals with an
application of Six Sigma DMAIC (Define–MeasureAnalyze-Improve-Control)
methodology in an industry
which provides a framework to identify, quantify and
eliminate sources of variation in an operational process in
question, to optimize the operation variables. Six Sigma
improves the process performance of the critical
operational process, leading to better utilization of
resources, decreases variations & maintains consistent
quality of the process output.
Substation earthing system design optimisation through the application of qua...Power System Operation
Introduction
A new safety paradigm is evolving, driven by Work
Health & Safety legislation and the explicit requirement
to demonstrate due diligence in managing risk
imposed upon staff and the public. Power system
asset owners are increasingly being required to
demonstrate compliance with the ISO 31000 risk
management standard, which requires reduction
of residual risk to as low as reasonably practicable
(ALARP). Thus, standards committees and asset
owners alike are being required to redevelop existing
Applications of Deep Learning in Construction IndustryGaurav Verma
These slides are based on the following two research questions:
1) What are the possible areas where Deep Learning can be applied in Construction Industry?
2) What are the problems associated with the application of Deep Learning in Construction Industry?
This document reviews reliability prediction methods for electronic devices. It classifies common methods into three categories: bottom-up statistical methods using failure data, top-down similarity analysis methods based on external failure databases, and bottom-up physics-of-failure methods. Several specific methods are described in detail, including how they calculate failure rates at the component and board level using statistical models or physical failure models. The methods each have advantages and limitations in addressing objectives like determining reliability requirements or providing inputs for safety analysis. A combined use of the methods is recommended to best manage reliability over the product development process.
IRJET- Harmonic Analysis of Cantilever Beam with and without CracksIRJET Journal
The document discusses the harmonic analysis of cantilever beams with and without cracks using finite element analysis software SAP2000. Cantilever steel and concrete beam models were developed with varying crack depths and locations. Modal analysis was performed to determine the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the beams. The results show that the presence of cracks, especially those closer to the fixed end, reduce the natural frequencies of beams compared to uncracked beams. Deeper cracks produce a larger decrease in natural frequency. Cracked beams also experience greater displacement under harmonic loads than uncracked beams due to the reduction in stiffness caused by cracks. The study aims to evaluate how crack parameters like depth and location influence vibration characteristics of beams.
IRJET- Non-Destructive Test Application in Civil InfrastructureIRJET Journal
This document discusses non-destructive testing (NDT) methods for assessing the condition of civil infrastructure. It reviews 13 NDT techniques including ultrasonic pulse velocity, surface hardness, impact-echo, ground penetrating radar, and others. For each technique it discusses the applications, advantages, accuracy, limitations, instrumentation, and standards. The goal of the techniques is to allow engineers to evaluate infrastructure for strength, damage, and needed maintenance in a non-destructive manner. Understanding which techniques are suitable and how to properly conduct NDT surveys is important for accurately assessing structural conditions.
The inspiration driving CNC machining undertakings is to make explicit shapes or surface
characteristics for a thing. In view of math and surface completion determinations, conditions for machining
assignments have for the most part been chosen. Assembling ventures endeavor to make high phenomenal things
at decay cost to stay serious inside the market. This exploration zeroed in on growing the advantage of benefit
on PC mathematical control (CNC) by enhancing machining boundaries by processing activities. In this
exploration, the profundity of cut, cutting velocity and feed rate on the aluminum amalgam work piece by the
utilization of carbide unit, embed shaper, HSS were utilized to enhance the advantage of CNC processing
measures by advancing machining boundaries picked to be assessed in this investigation by utilizing Taguchi's
System approach including symmetrical exhibit. The Taguchi strategy is utilized to notice the impact of cycle
boundaries and to look at a portion of the decrease speed, feed and profundity with acknowledgment of the
essential machinability part, surface end. The surface completion has been portrayed as quality attributes and is
accepted to be straightforwardly identified with efficiency.
This document provides a review of the Component Operational Experience Degradation and Ageing Program (CODAP) from 2011-2014. CODAP is an international database operated by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency that collects operational experience on failures and degradation of passive metallic components in nuclear power plants. The summary includes:
- CODAP involves 14 countries and has collected over 4,500 events on pipe failures. It provides a valuable library of operational experience.
- CODAP ensures high data quality and completeness through a quality assurance program. It also includes a knowledge database with technical information on components and degradation mechanisms.
- CODAP data has been used by member countries to identify degradation issues, inform inspection programs
Structural Health Monitoring: Review and practiceIRJET Journal
Structural health monitoring (SHM) aims to monitor infrastructure for degradation but has seen limited practical application. The document discusses reasons for this, including:
1) Sensors can malfunction requiring redundancies and maintenance which increases costs.
2) Electronics have shorter lifespans than structures, requiring frequent replacements.
3) Engineers lack education on SHM, making owners reluctant to rely on the approaches.
While research has advanced algorithms and technologies, reliability and adoption of SHM in assessing structural conditions remains a challenge limiting widespread use in infrastructure management.
Challenges and solutions for improved durability of materials - Concrete in m...Sirris
The document discusses challenges and solutions for improving the durability of materials, specifically reinforced concrete in marine environments. It covers monitoring and modeling of reinforced concrete durability, costs of maintenance in complex marine environments, technologies like structural health monitoring (SHM) that can optimize maintenance, and challenges like fatigue, chloride ingress, and spatial variability that require further progress. The document provides examples of applications of SHM to grouted joints in offshore wind turbines and monitoring of stresses and chlorides in concrete structures.
This article describes a computerized model called the Corrosion Assessment Algorithm (CAA) that was developed to assess corrosion risk in pipelines. The CAA software incorporates factors related to microbiologically influenced corrosion and can distinguish risk of corrosion from cost of corrosion. It uses a questionnaire approach to input data on the pipeline system and subsystems. The software then calculates corrosion risk percentages and compares how risk may change with modifications to the pipeline. Two case studies are presented that demonstrate how the CAA software can evaluate risk levels for internal and external pipeline systems and compare the effects of different mitigation measures.
Corrosion monitoring involves using probes to directly and continuously measure corrosion rates in industrial processes. There are several techniques including corrosion coupons, electrical resistance probes, and linear polarization resistance sensors. These techniques provide both direct online measurements of metal loss over time as well as indirect insights into process conditions that can influence corrosion. By monitoring corrosion rates, facilities can better understand corrosion problems, evaluate prevention methods, and reduce costs from plant downtime and early equipment failure.