2. Introduction to loT
• IoT (Internet of Things) refers to the connection of various
physical devices and objects to the internet
• IoT technology is used in various fields such as home
automation, healthcare, transportation, manufacturing, and
agriculture
3. What is Internet of Things?
• The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a network of physical
devices, vehicles, buildings, and other objects that are
embedded with sensors, software
• collect and exchange data with other devices and systems over
the internet.
4. What is internet
• In the IoT, the internet refers to the network infrastructure that
connects IoT devices and allows them to exchange data and
communicate with each other.
• This network can include various types of connections, such as
Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and satellite.
• it enables devices to be connected across vast distances, and it
allows for the collection, storage, and processing of large
amounts of data generated by these devices.
5. Whats is things in iot
• In the IoT, "things" refers to the physical devices and
objects that are embedded with sensors, software and
connectivity capabilities that enable to collect and
exchange data over the internet.
•Examples
• Connected cars.
• Smart appliances.
• Connected security systems.
• Smart agriculture equipment.
• Connected healthcare monitors.
• Connected manufacturing equipment.
• Connected cities.
6. Popularity of loT applications
smarthome
Wearables
Smart city
Smart grid
Industrial
internet
Connected
car
Connected
health
Smart retail
smart supply
chain
2%
100%
6%
2%
19%
25%
28%
34%
63%
7. Future of loT
1.ncreased device connectivity
2.Integration of 5G, AI, and edge computing
3.Enhanced performance, speed, and security
4.Challenges such as security risks, data privacy,
8. M2M and loT
M2M loT
Machines
Hardware-based
Vertical applications
Deployed in a closed system
Machines communicating with machines
Usually uses non-IP protocol
Can use the cloud, but not required to
Machines use point-to-point communication, usually
embedded in hardware
Sensors
Software-based
Horizontal applications
Connects to a larger network
Machines communicating with machines, humans with
machines, machines with humans
Uses IP protocol
Uses the cloud
Devices use IP networks to communicate
Back and forth communication
9. IOT Architecture
• The architecture of an Internet of Things (IoT)
system typically includes the following layers:
• Layer 1: Physical Devices
• Layer2:Connectivity
• Layer 3: Edge Computing
• Layer 4: Data Accumulation
• Layer 6: Application
• Layer 7: Collaboration and
Processes
10. Role of Cloud in loT
The cloud plays a critical role in the Internet of Things (IoT) by
providing a scalable, flexible, and secure infrastructure for
storing, processing, and analyzing the vast amounts of data
generated by IoT devices.
11. Advantages of using Cloud in loT
• Increased data storage:
• Mobility:
• Scalability:
• Data Storage
12. Cloud Topologies
• Public Cloud: In this topology. a third party
• Public clouds are typically operated by large service providers such as
Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, or Google Cloud
Platform
• The features of public cloud are:
• High scalability
• Pay as you use
• Cost-effective
13. Private Cloud:
Private cloud topology refers to the arrangement of
resources and components within a private cloud
environment.
The features of private cloud are:
Most secure
Good performance
High reliability
14. Hybrid Cloud:
Hybrid cloud is a combination of the public and private clouds.
The features of hybrid cloud are:
High scalability
Very secure
Improved cost
High reliability
Easy transition
15. Physical and Link Layer Protocol
The data link layer is the protocol layer in a program that handles the moving of data
into and out of a physical link in a network.
• Bluetooth:
• ZigBee:
• Z-wave:
• Wi-Fi:
• Cellular:
16. Network Layer _
This layer, also known as the network layer, accepts and delivers
packets for the network. It includes the powerful
Transport Layer
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol
(UDP), identify applications communicating with each other by means
of port numbers.
17. Application Layer
This is the highest layer of protocol where users are mostly
interacting while prototyping an IoT
projects. Commonly used protocols are: http, SMTP, MQTT,
DNS, DHCP, CoAP etc.
