The World Health Organization’s (WHO) first-ever report on the health of refugees and migrants in Europe shows increasing vulnerability to both communicable and noncommunicable diseases such as diabetes, depression, and anxiety once individuals enter their host country. Refugees and migrants also present with cancer at more advanced stages.
Although European countries are implementing a strategy and action plan for refugee and migrant health, the report called for greater progress in making health systems responsive to displaced populations, including by ensuring culturally and linguistically appropriate care as well as access to basic preventive care. Migrants make up 10 percent of Europe’s population; 7 percent are refugees.
Health and Disaster Risk- A contribution by the United Nations to the consultation leading to the third UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction.
The World Health Organization’s (WHO) first-ever report on the health of refugees and migrants in Europe shows increasing vulnerability to both communicable and noncommunicable diseases such as diabetes, depression, and anxiety once individuals enter their host country. Refugees and migrants also present with cancer at more advanced stages.
Although European countries are implementing a strategy and action plan for refugee and migrant health, the report called for greater progress in making health systems responsive to displaced populations, including by ensuring culturally and linguistically appropriate care as well as access to basic preventive care. Migrants make up 10 percent of Europe’s population; 7 percent are refugees.
Health and Disaster Risk- A contribution by the United Nations to the consultation leading to the third UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction.
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Brian Doherty: EU Action for Regional Health SecurityTHL
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Reported measles cases for the period November 2020—October 2021 (data as of 02 December 2021).A monthly summary of the epidemiological data on selected vaccine-preventable diseases in the WHO European Region
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Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
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WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
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India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
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CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
The Promise: CRISPR offers exciting possibilities:
Gene Therapy: Correcting genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis.
Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
The Peril: Ethical concerns demand attention:
Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
The Path Forward: Responsible development is crucial:
International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
Prioritize Safety and Ethics: Safety and ethical principles must be paramount.
CRISPR offers a powerful tool for a better future, but responsible development and addressing ethical concerns are essential. By prioritizing safety, fostering open dialogue, and ensuring equitable access, we can harness CRISPR's power for the benefit of all. (2998 characters)
1. WHO Health Emergencies Programme
at country level
Investing for a safe and
healthy Ukraine
Dr Jarno Habicht
WHO Representative
WHO Country Office – Ukraine
2. The European Region is vulnerable to
health threats
Infectious diseases and measles epidemics•
Outbreaks of West Nile Virus (WNV) and•
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF)
Natural disasters (earthquakes, floods,•
forest fires, landslides)
Man• -made disasters (chemical or radiation
leaks)
Armed conflicts and spill over from•
neighbouring emergencies
3. Health emergencies affect
lives and livelihoods
In a typical year, Europe
suffers economic losses
of € 10 billion* from
disasters and
emergencies, and
hundreds of people die
or become severely ill
March 2018.* Estimate quoted in EFDRR. High-Level Dialogue Communiqué from 2017. European Forum for Disaster Risk
Reduction, Istanbul, 26–28 March 2017.
4. 15 European
countries and
areas have
been
identified by
WHO for
priority action
1All references to Kosovo in this document should be understood to be in
the context of United Nations Security Council resolution 1244 (1999)
5. Ukraine is prone to specific health threats
• Conflict in eastern Ukraine
resulting violence, poverty and
displacement
• Very low vaccine coverage and
vulnerability to vaccine-
preventable disease outbreaks,
including measles and polio
• Chemical, environmental and
nuclear hazards
Ukraine flood hazard map
data.euro.who.int/e-atlas/europe
6. IHR core capacities: what and why?
Structures, skills and people needed for•
health system to prepare for, detect
and respond to health emergencies
Legal obligation under the• International
Health Regulations of 2005 (IHR)
Capacities all WHO Member States•
committed to build, maintain and
report on annually
7. All countries report on 13 capacities
1. Legislation and financing
2. IHR Coordination and National Focal Point (NFP) functions
3. Zoonotic events and the human–animal interface
4. Food safety
5. Laboratory
6. Surveillance
7. Human resources
8. National Health Emergency Framework
9. Health service provision
10. Risk communication
11. Points of entry
12. Chemical events
13. Radiation emergencies
8. Why must Ukraine strengthen its
IHR core capacities?
1. Protect lives and livelihoods
2. Achieve best value-for-money
health investment
3. Show leadership & commitment
4. Observe legal obligations under
IHR treaty
5. Meet GPW13 goals, help
achieve UHC and other SDG
goals
9. Health emergency capacity:
a “best buy” health investment
• Many emergencies are
preventable, or can be mitigated
• Well-prepared countries see
fewer deaths and less disruption
Analysis by WHO shows $ 1 spent on health
emergency capacity produces a return of $ 8.30*
*WHO. A Healthier Humanity: The WHO Investment Case for 2019–2023, pp. 24–28. Geneva: World Health
2018.
10. WHO’s “Triple Billion” is every country’s
2023 target*
• 1 billion more people benefiting from UHC
• 1 billion more people better protected
from health emergencies
• 1 billion more people enjoying better
health and well-being
*WHO General Programme of Work for 2019–2023 (GPW 13)
12. All countries committed to the Action Plan
to Improve Public Health Preparedness and
Response in the WHO European Region
VISION
GOAL
A WHO European Region where the impact of
health emergencies is prevented or minimized
Strengthen and maintain adequate capacities in
the European Region to effectively prevent,
prepare for, detect and respond to public health
threats and to provide assistance to affected
countries, when necessary, through three strategic
pillars
14. “Two sides of the same coin”
• Strengthening health emergency capacity strengthens health
system resilience and UHC
• Strengthening health systems strengthens capacity to
prepare and respond to emergencies
15. WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE?
Ukraine's road to stronger health emergency capacities
@WHO/Jaqueline Christensen @WHO/Mihail Grigorev @WHO/Margarita Spasenovska @WHO/Jerome Flayosc
17. Ukraine making some progress
• With broad health reform focusing on primary health care,
opportunity for WHO and health authorities to shift from emergency
response to longer term capacity strengthening
• Some key recommendations from the 2015 assessment of Ukraine’s
IHR core capacities implemented. Ukraine has a National Public
Health Institute
• BUT… Ukraine’s capacities still limited, especially given the threats
it faces. Ukraine’s self-assessment 2018 puts IHR implementation
below the European Region average
18. How do Ukraine’s capacities need to be
strengthened?
Key areas for capacity
strengthening
Recommendation
Long-term strategy for
IHR / health emergency
capacities
Conduct Joint External Evaluation (JEE) to benchmark capacities
and identify gaps. Develop National Action Plan on Public Health
Emergency Preparedness. Get government to approve Plan and
fund it
Issues already identified Focus on risk communication, chemical events, and health
service provision identified in 2019 self-assessment
Human resources Address high turnover of public health staff with long-term
workforce strategy to capitalize on limited available resources
Leadership Increase knowledge, commitment and vision on IHR
implementation across public health workforce
19. WHO in action in Ukraine
• In 2017–2018, WHO and partners supported around 2.5 million people
in eastern Ukraine with medical supplies for primary, secondary care
and surgery
• WHO and partners work with Ukraine national immunization programme
to prevent future epidemics / outbreaks of measles, mumps, rubella and
polio
• Support is provided to build trauma care, laboratory, infection prevention
and control, and emergency risk communication capacities
20. Conclusion: the opportunity is there
• Crucial for Ukraine to hold JEE then follow up by a developing a
multisectoral National Action Plan on Public Health Emergency
Preparedness
– Shows political commitment and leadership
– Basis for finding resources
• WHO and partners offer advice and technical support but domestic
resources are key
– Health emergency capacity is part of UHC: needs to be sustainable
• Long-term well-funded strategy on health emergency capacities will
save lives and protect Ukraine’s economy
21. WHO Health Emergencies Programme in the European Region
http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/emergencies
WHO Country Office for Ukraine
http://www.euro.who.int/en/countries/ukraine
Thank you
22. WHO Health Emergencies
Programme in the
European Region
http://www.euro.who.int/e
n/health-topics/health-
emergencies
WHO Country Office for
Ukraine
http://www.euro.who.int/e
n/countries/ukraine
Thank you