The document presents a project investigating the properties of polypropylene fibre-modified bitumen for road applications. It discusses the objectives, work plan, literature review on previous studies, description of materials used including polypropylene fibre and bitumen, test methodology, results from aggregate and bitumen testing, and plans for further tests and analysis. The project aims to study how adding polypropylene fibres to bitumen affects its properties to enhance road pavement design and durability. Various tests were conducted on aggregates and bitumen samples with and without fibre addition, and results were presented and analyzed.

1. Presentation on Project entitled-
INVESTIGATION ON
PROPERTIES OF POLYPROPYLENE
FIBRE – MODIFIED BITUMEN FOR
ROAD APPLICATION
Presented By:
Ashutosh Sharma (141528)
Asu Singh (141529)
Rajeshwar Pratap Singh (141585)
Shoubhagya Singh Tomar (141609)
Under the guidance of:
Mr. Krishna Murari
Assistant Professor
[Civil Engineering Department]

2. Contents to be covered
 About the project
 Work Plan & Weightage
 Literature Review
 About Materials
 Methodology
 Results
 References

3. About the project
 OBJECTIVE OF PROJECT
Enhancing the bituminous road pavement design for the longer
durability
 STUDY THE EFFECTS OF ADDTION OF POLYPROPYLENE FIBRE TO
BITUMEN AND ANALYSE ITS PROPERTIES

4. WORK PLAN
Discussion on the project (1 week)
Study of various research papers and articles related to
project (2 weeks)
Material required listing and work scheduling (2 weeks)
Materials Ordered (1.5 weeks)
Performance of Various Test ( 15 – 16 weeks) (assumed)
Result, Analysis and Conclusion (2 – 3 weeks)

5. Work Weightage
Discussion on the project
Study of various research papers and articles related to project
Material required and work scheduling
Material Ordered
Performance of Various test
Result, Analysis and Conclusion

6. Literature Review
 Hejazi, S.M. et al (2008) evaluated kinds of loom materials on
asphalt behaviour. They concluded that between tested materials,
glass fibres, because of high young modulus and polypropylene,
because of low melting point, can increase compress stability of
flexible asphalt.
 Firouzei, F. et al (2012) in their studies concluded that by adding
propylene fibres and cement to asphalt mixtures, flow decreases
and unit weight increased.
 Maurer, Dean, A. et al (2006) in a research showed that using fibres
such as polypropylene can effect on reduction of flexible asphalt's
cracks.
 Abdul-Rahim et al (2005) in a laboratory study concluded that
application of polypropylene causes increasing of asphalt stability

7. ABOUT MATERIALS
 It is a linear structure based
on the monomer CnH2n. It is
manufactured from propylene
gas in presence of a catalyst
such as titanium chloride.
Polypropylene Fibre

8. Physical Properties of Polypropylene
Fibre

Tensile strength (gf/den) 3.5 to 5.5
Elongation (%) 40 to 100
Abrasion resistance Good
Moisture absorption (%) 0 to 0.05
Softening point (ºC) 140
Melting point (ºC) 165
Chemical resistance Generally excellent
Relative density 0.91
Thermal conductivity 6.0 (with air as 1.0)
Electric insulation Excellent
Resistance to mildew, moth Excellent

9. Advantages of Polypropylene Fibres
 PP is a light fibre, its density (.91 gm/cm³) is the lowest of all
synthetic fibres.
 It does not absorb moisture. This means the wet and dry properties
of the fibre are identical. Low moisture regain is not considered a
disadvantage because it helps in quick transport of moisture as is
required in special applications like babies’ ever-dry nappies.
 It has excellent chemical resistance. PP fibres are very resistant to
most acids and alkalis.
 The thermal conductivity of PP fibre is lower than that of other
fibres and may be used in applications as thermal wear.

10. Bitumen
 Bitumen is the residue or by-product when the crude
petroleum is refined. A wide variety of refinery processes, such
as the straight distillation process, solvent extraction process
etc. may be used to produce bitumen of different consistency
and other desirable properties.
 Bituminous materials or asphalts are extensively used for
roadway construction, primarily because of their excellent
binding characteristics and water proofing properties and
relatively low cost.

11. Requirements of Bitumen
 The bitumen should not be highly temperature susceptible:
during the hottest weather the mix should not become too
soft or unstable, and during cold weather the mix should not
become too brittle causing cracks.
 The viscosity of the bitumen at the time of mixing and
compaction should be adequate. This can be achieved by use
of cutbacks or emulsions of suitable grades or by heating the
bitumen and aggregates prior to mixing.
 There should be adequate affinity and adhesion between the
bitumen and aggregates used in the mix.

12. Aggregates
 Aggregate is a collective term for the mineral materials
such as sand, gravel, and crushed stone that are used
with a binding medium (such as water, bitumen,
Portland cement, lime, etc.) to form compound
materials.

13.  Aggregates, which account for 60 to 75 percent of the total
volume of the concrete, divided into two distinct categories.
 Coarse Aggregate
Aggregate size more than 4.75 mm
Gravels constitute the majority of coarse aggregate used in
concrete with crushed stone making up most of the
remainder

14.  Fine Aggregate
 Aggregate size less than 4.75mm
 Fine aggregate processing consists of natural sand or crushed
stone with most particles passing through a sieve
 Aggregate processing consists of crushing, screening, and
washing the aggregate to obtain proper cleanliness and
gradation.
 Once processed the aggregates are handled and washing the
aggregate to obtain proper cleanliness gradation.
 Once processed, the aggregate are handled and stored in a way
that minimizes segregation and degradation and degradation
and prevents contamination.
 Aggregates strongly influence concrete’s freshly mixed and
hardened properties, mixture proportions and economy

15. Physical Properties of Aggregate
 Strength
 Hardness
 Toughness
 Durability
 Porosity
 Water Absorption

16. METHODOLOGY
 Penetration Test
It measures the hardness or softness of bitumen by
measuring the depth in tenths of a millimetre to
which a standard loaded needle will penetrate
vertically in 5 seconds. BIS had standardised the
equipment and test procedure.
 Ductility Test
Ductility is the property of bitumen that permits it to
undergo great deformation or elongation. Ductility
is defined as the distance in cm, to which a standard
sample or briquette of the material will be elongated
without breaking.
Test for Bitumen

17.  Softening Point Test
Softening point denotes the temperature
at which the bitumen attains a particular
degree of softening under the
specifications of test. The test is
conducted by using Ring and Ball
apparatus.
 Flash and Fire Point Test
At high temperatures depending upon the
grades of bitumen materials leave out
volatiles. And these volatiles catches fire
which is very hazardous and therefore it is
essential to qualify this temperature for
each bitumen grade.

18. Test for Aggregates
 Crushing Test
One of the model in which pavement material
can fail is by crushing under compressive stress.
A test is standardized by IS:2386 part-IV and
used to determine the crushing strength of
aggregates.
 Abrasion Test
Abrasion test is carried out to test the hardness
property of aggregates and to decide whether
they are suitable for different pavement
construction works. Los Angeles abrasion test is
a preferred one for carrying out the hardness
property and has been standardized in India
(IS:2386 part-IV).

19.  Impact Test
The aggregate impact test is carried out to evaluate
the resistance to impact of aggregates. Aggregates
passing 12.5 mm sieve and retained on 10 mm sieve
is filled in a cylindrical steel cup of internal dia 10.2
mm and depth 5 cm which is attached to a metal
base of impact testing machine.
 Soundness Test
Soundness test is intended to study the resistance of
aggregates to weathering action, by conducting
accelerated weathering test cycles. The Porous
aggregates subjected to freezing and thawing are
likely to disintegrate prematurely.

20.  Shape Test
 Flakiness Index
The flakiness index is defined as the percentage by
weight of aggregate particles whose least
dimension is less than 0.6 times their mean size.
Test procedure had been standardized in India
(IS:2386 part-I).
 Elongation Index
The elongation index of an aggregate is defined as
the percentage by weight of particles whose
greatest dimension (length) is 1.8 times their mean
dimension. This test is applicable to aggregates
larger than 6.3 mm. This test is also specified in
(IS:2386 Part-I). However, there are no recognized
limits for the elongation index.

21. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
S. No. Test Name Result
1. Los Angles Abrasion Value 9.02%
2. Aggregate Impact Test Value 16.57%
3. Aggregate Crushing Value 20.83 %
4. Flakiness Index Value 34.1%
5. Elongation Index Value 13.87%
Aggregate Test Value

22. Bitumen Test Values
0% addition of Polypropylene Fibre
S. No. Test Name Result
1. Penetration Test Value 93.25
2. Flash Point 180O C
3. Fire Point Value 230O C
4. Ductility Value 87.5cm
5. Softening Point Value 50.5O C

23. 1% addition of Polypropylene Fibre
S. No. Test Name Result
1. Penetration Test Value 89.25
2. Flash Point 182O C
3. Fire Point Value 235O C
4. Ductility Value 96.4cm
5. Softening Point Value 54O C

24. NEXT PROJECT PLAN
 Tests for Bitumen by addition of various percentage of
polypropylene fibre.
Result and Analysis by graphical method
 Marshall Stability Test with varied polypropylene fibre content
 Result and Analysis by graphical method

25. References
 Abdullah Ahmad, Yassir Nashaat A. Kareem, 2015 “Fatigue Behavior of Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced
Bituminous Concrete Mix “International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (This work is
licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.) Vol. 4 Issue 02, February-2015.
 Manoj Shukla, Devesh Tivari, K. Sitaramanjaneyulu, 2014 “Performance Characteristics of Fiber Modified
Asphalt Concrete mixes” [The International Journal of Pavement Engineering and Asphalt Technology
(PEAT) ISSN 1464-8164. Volume: 15, Issue: 1, May 2014, pp.38-50]
 Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) section 507 Design of Dense graded Bituminous
Macadam.
 Praveen Kumar, et.al. 2009 “Investigation of Fiber Modified Asphalt Mixes”, Journal of Transportation
Research Board, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Vol. 2126, 2009 p 91-99.
 Remadevi M. Anjali G. Pillai2 Elizabeth Baby George, Priya Narayanan, Sophiya Sunny, et.al. 2014. “STUDY
OF FIBRE REINFORCED BITUMEN CONCRETE” [International Journal For Technological Research In
Engineering Volume 10, Issue 4, April-2014]
 Technical and Soil Mechanics Lab Co. 2008. Asphalt Mixtures and Bitumen, Technical and Soil Mechanics
Lab Co. press, Tehran, Iran.
 Firouzei, F., et al. 2012. Study of Cement and Polypropylene Application in Recycled Asphalt Mixture during
Cold Procedure. 9th International Congress on Civil Engineering, Esfahan, Iran.
 IS Codes

26. THANK YOU
QUESTIONS AND DISCUSSIONS