Drawing picture is an expression tool that enables us to meet a child in terms of psychopedagogical assessment and it reveals clues about child’s intelligence level, personality characteristics, internal world which is related with intimate environmental characteristics. Additionally, this enjoyable method allows child to maintain a communication between him/her and external world. In this context, 20 immigrant children (M=10; F=10) from the first grade of primary school whose family had been living in Kayseri for 6 – 12 months were evaluated by the way of drawing picture which is known as a projective method. Sample of this study consisted of children attending to first grade at Kayseri Temporary Education Facility in spring term of 2014- 2015 academic years. Study group was determined according to criterion sampling method. In this context, those criterions were identified as following: Immigration from Syria due to civil war, Inhabiting in province of Kayseri, Living in Kayseri within last 6-12 months and willingness to participate. Children were provided a drawing paper with 12 color crayons and they were instructed to draw a picture about favorite play activity that they used to play before they immigrated to Turkey. In conclusion, it was found that children used national symbols such as flag (10) and Arabic alphabet (5), and drew war materials as bigger.
Social Development of 5 And 6 Year Old Children in Terms of Employment Status...inventionjournals
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the social development of 5-6 year-old children of employed and unemployed mothers. The population of the study consisted of 5-6 years-old preschool children in the province of Kayseri between 2012 and 2013. The sample group of the study was determined according to random sampling. As the data collection tool, “Marmara Social-Emotional Adaptation Scale (MSEAS) for 60- 72 Month- Old Children" developed by Işık (2006) was used. The scale consists of 19 items, which were applied to totally 200 students including 114 girls and 86 boys. In the scale, α= .89; and the test-retest stability coefficient was.89. The data were evaluated by using the SPSS 20.00 software package and analyzed as percentage, frequency, and t-test.Results indicated that the social development of children of employed mothers was higher than those of children of unemployed mothers.
Social Development of 5 And 6 Year Old Children in Terms of Employment Status...inventionjournals
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the social development of 5-6 year-old children of employed and unemployed mothers. The population of the study consisted of 5-6 years-old preschool children in the province of Kayseri between 2012 and 2013. The sample group of the study was determined according to random sampling. As the data collection tool, “Marmara Social-Emotional Adaptation Scale (MSEAS) for 60- 72 Month- Old Children" developed by Işık (2006) was used. The scale consists of 19 items, which were applied to totally 200 students including 114 girls and 86 boys. In the scale, α= .89; and the test-retest stability coefficient was.89. The data were evaluated by using the SPSS 20.00 software package and analyzed as percentage, frequency, and t-test.Results indicated that the social development of children of employed mothers was higher than those of children of unemployed mothers.
Islamic Ethical Business Practices among Muslim Entrepreneurs: A Case Study i...inventionjournals
:Entrepreneurship is part of the Islamic economic system and business. Islam urges its followers to always strive to be innovative and active entrepreneurs. The objective of this study is to review the implementation of Islamic ethical business among the Muslim entrepreneurs. This study used a qualitative approach through case studies conducted on Muslim entrepreneur namely Syarikat FAIZA Sdn. Bhd. to share their practices in Islamic ethical business. The findings of this study indicate that Syarikat FAIZA Sdn. Bhd. have a system of ethics which is a combination of various elements including faith and worship of God, in good faith and correct, choose the lawful and good, trustworthy, attentive to the needs of others and so on. Compliance and practice of these values makes them different from other entrepreneurs.
Awareness of Workers to Health, Safety & Welfare Provisions under Factories A...inventionjournals
The study examines the awareness level of workers to health, safety & welfare provisions under Factories Act, 1948.Exploratory cum descriptive research design has been used in present study. The population of interest is lower class employees (N=750) working in Industrial sector of Northern India (Haryana, Punjab and NCR). Questionnaire survey method is used to collect the primary data. T-test and ANOVA test have been used to compare the awareness level of workers on the basis of age, experience, gender and marital status. It has been observed that workers are aware about Factories Act at moderate level. Awareness level of workers to Factories Act increases with age and experience. While, female workers and married workers are more aware to the provisions of Factories Act as compared to the male and unmarried workers respectively.
Information extraction can be based on a method of distributional vector space embedding of words and phrases. Embedding assumes that words and phrases are represented as dense real-valued vectors, and it is designed to satisfy the distributional hypothesis: words and phrases that occur in similar contexts tend to have similar meanings, and therefore they should have vectors which are close to each other in a vector space. In this speech we will show you how we manage to extract phrases using Pointwise Mutual Information and then learned word and phrase vectors, using as a training corpora set of business articles, job vacancies and employee resumes.
3.1 Purposes of PlayPlay fulfills a wide variety of purposes in .docxlorainedeserre
3.1 Purposes of Play
Play fulfills a wide variety of purposes in the life of the child. The importance of play in early childhood is strongly emphasized in a recent report by the American Academy of Pediatrics (Milteer & Ginsburg, 2012):
Play is essential to the social, emotional, cognitive, and physical well-being of children beginning in early childhood. It is a natural tool for children to develop resiliency as they learn to cooperate, overcome challenges, and negotiate with others. Play also allows children to be creative. It provides time for parents to be fully engaged with their children, to bond with their children, and to see the world from the perspective of their child.... It is essential that parents, educators, and pediatricians recognize the importance of lifelong benefits that children gain from play. (p. 204)
Play Fosters Physical Development
Sensorimotor Skills
On a very simple level, play promotes the development of sensorimotor skills, or skills that require the coordination of movement with the senses, such as using eye-hand coordination to stack blocks (Frost et al., 2008; Jones & Reynolds, 2011; Morrison, 2004; Tokarz, 2008). Children spend hours perfecting such abilities and increasing the level of difficulty to make the task ever more challenging. Anyone who has lived with a 1-year-old will recall the tireless persistence with which the child pursues the acquisition of basic physical skills.
Fitness and Health
Strenuous, physical play is especially important today, when obesity among children and adults has reached an all-time high. An estimated 64% of all adults in the United States are seriously overweight or obese. Approximately 10% of all children age 2 to 5 years and 15% of older children are overweight (Association for Childhood Education International [ACEI], 2004). It is crucial that early childhood programs offer children the opportunity for active, gross-motor play every day, as habits and attitudes toward physical activity are formed early in life and continue into adulthood.
Outdoor Play Connects Children to Nature and Their Environment
Nature Feels Good and Inspires
Playing outdoors allows children to experience their natural environment with all their senses “open.” They can breathe fresh air and feel the invigoration of their hearts pounding as they charge up a hill. Children learn about the variety of creatures that may live in their area, explore the life cycle when they discover a cocoon or squashed ant, and experience fully with their senses how everything seems different after the rain. Where does the sun go when it is cloudy? Where does the wind come from? Questions about nature arise spontaneously through outdoor play and provoke children into thought and, if properly supported by the teacher, into deep investigations of the world. It is vital that we allow all children—urban, suburban, and rural—to discover the world outside and learn to appreciate the environment around them.
Children must have ...
Get your quality homework help now and stand out.Our professional writers are committed to excellence. We have trained the best scholars in different fields of study.Contact us now at http://www.essaysexperts.net/ and place your order at affordable price done within set deadlines.We always have someone online ready to answer all your queries and take your requests.
Learning Through Play at School – A Framework for Policy and Practicevideosplay360
Learning through play has emerged as an important strategy to promote student engagement, inclusion, and holistic skills development beyond the preschool years. Policy makers, researchers and educators have promoted the notion that learning though play is developmentally appropriate—as it leverages school-age children’s innate curiosity while easing the often difficult transition from preschool to school. However, there is a dearth of evidence and practical guidance on how learning through play can be employed effectively in the formal school context, and the conditions that support success. This paper addresses the disconnect between policy, research and practice by presenting a range of empirical studies across a number of well-known pedagogies.
Running title Communication disorders 3NameUniversit.docxagnesdcarey33086
Running title: Communication disorders 3
Name:
University:
Professor:
Date:
Explain how understanding the conceptual model of working memory helps you in selecting strategies to take in helping a child that may have a communicative disorder. Please give an example of a strategy that you might use with a child with a specific communicative disorder.
Construct a scenario of a team approach that could be developed when working with a child that has a specific communicative disorder. You should identify the communicative disorder that the child has in this scenario and provide research and techniques/strategies that are known to be effective with this type of communicative disorder.
Evaluate the benefits for family and children in being connected to organizations associated with a specific communicative disorder. These organizations can be found from the list in your chapter reading or from an internet search.
Explain how understanding the conceptual model of working memory helps you in selecting strategies to take in helping a child that may have a communicative disorder. Please give an example of a strategy that you might use with a child with a specific communicative disorder.
Understanding the communication disorder is quite convenient towards the selection of the best mode of commiunication with a disabled child. (Sigman & Norman,1999). When am able to know some causes of communication disorders that the child is facing and this includes hearing loss in a child, neurological disorders, brain injury, mental retardation, drug abuse, physical impairments such as cleft lip or palate, emotional or psychiatric autism, and developmental disorders (Howlin, Mawhood, & Rutter, 2000), I will be able to freely interact with the child with the disorder without making him feel bad. This might include the use of include joint attention, imitation, and toy play to socialize with the autistic disorder. (Adamson & Bakeman,1985,1991)
At 14 years, 8 months of age, Sam spontaneously imparted his aims, through nonverbal means, which included outward appearances (e.g., looking to staff to demand a nibble), physical motions (e.g., pulling his educators' hands to his head to demand a head rub), and more ordinary signals (e.g., indicating solicitation and a head shake to reject). He likewise utilized offbeat nonverbal flags that included gnawing his hand to impart positive and negative feelings and squeezing to dissent. Sam every so often utilized a couple of verbal word rough guesses (e.g., "no," "yes," "more," and "inflatable"), the sign for "help," and picture images on a voice yield gadget. Be that as it may, he commonly utilized these images latently, regularly because of a direct verbal brief from his social accomplice. From research, this shows that this is Autistic Disorder due to the fact that, he uses a variety of communication modes including speech, facial expressions, conventional gestures (e.g., pointing), unconvent.
INDIGENOUS COOPERATIVE PLAY ON THE SOCIAL SKILLS OF PRESCHOOL PUPILS IN LAGOS...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT :Social skills are very important for early childhood learners, especially in early childhood. We
found that children's social skills are at a low point because they are cut off from their cultural roots by foreign
education laws. Despite this prospect, the literature in this area is severely lacking, making this research focus of
paramount importance. This study therefore focuses on the impact of indigenous cooperative play on the social
skills of preschoolers in Lagos State. The study employs a quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test and
control groups. This study used a 2x2x2 factor matrix consisting of two levels of teaching strategy (experimental
and control groups), a self-esteem moderator variable (high and low), and two levels of cultural background
(Yoruba and non-Yoruba). increase. (tribe). A random sample is taken to select 2 municipalities out of all 20
municipalities in Lagos State. Using targeted selection, two private elementary schools for both the
experimental and control groups. The Student Social Skills Rating Scale, the Student Self-Esteem Rating Scale,
the Indigenous Cooperative Play Strategy Teaching Guide, the Traditional Strategy Teaching Guide, and the
Elementary School Teacher Training Guide were the instruments used in this study. The study lasted 6 weeks.
Results indicate that students had a high level of social competence (WA = 2.74). We also found a significant
main effect of treatment on social skills in elementary school students (F(1.24)=4.89; P<0.05; ɳ2=0.17).
Children exposed to the control group had the lowest mean score (49.74). Using culture-based strategies is more
effective than teacher-centered methods of educating children, so teachers should use indigenous cooperative
play to teach children, especially when using languages from adjacent regions. It was also recommended that all
educators should strive to enhance children's self-esteem, especially through indigenous play styles.
KEYWORDS:Indigenous, cooperative play, preschool, pupils, social skills
Social anxiety is the most common anxiety disorder and it affects individuals’ life very
profoundly. Recent findings have suggested that both parental attitudes and hopelessness are potential
vulnerability and maintenance factors for the development of social anxiety symptoms. Therefore, the aims of
the current study were to examine whether social anxiety, perceived parental attitudes and hopelessness differ
in male and female adolescents in order to identify predictors of social anxiety in Turkish adolescents. Hence,
the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, the short form of EgnaMinnenBeträffandeUppfostran Scale (short-EMBU),
and Hopelessness Scale were administered to 756 adolescents. Consistent with other findings, we could show
that females experienced more social anxiety, perceived more emotional warmth and more overprotection from
mother and mother than males. The results of a regression analysis for the whole sample revealed that being
female, greater the number of sibling, older grades, low mother education, perceived rejection from mother and
hopelessness are significant predictors of social anxiety. Finally, social anxiety was predicted by different
variables for females, (class level, mother education, mother rejection, hopelessness) and males (number of
sibling, hopelessness). Therefore, clinicians should consider these differences in their interventions.
ABSTACT: The contemporary world presents innumerable opportunities to people. With the advancement of technology, especially media which have brought forth revolutionary changes in human culture and civilization and make unique trends all over the world. In today’s society, media are thoroughly integrated into our life including electronic gadgets such as TV, Videogames, Smart phone, Internet, IPod etc. Adolescents are highly impressionable by the influence of media. It has both positive and negative impacts on adolescents’ lives. This study has shed light on the fact that the media has a disturbing potential to negatively affect many aspects of adolescents’ healthy development, store up anger, angry feelings and angry outburst.
Islamic Ethical Business Practices among Muslim Entrepreneurs: A Case Study i...inventionjournals
:Entrepreneurship is part of the Islamic economic system and business. Islam urges its followers to always strive to be innovative and active entrepreneurs. The objective of this study is to review the implementation of Islamic ethical business among the Muslim entrepreneurs. This study used a qualitative approach through case studies conducted on Muslim entrepreneur namely Syarikat FAIZA Sdn. Bhd. to share their practices in Islamic ethical business. The findings of this study indicate that Syarikat FAIZA Sdn. Bhd. have a system of ethics which is a combination of various elements including faith and worship of God, in good faith and correct, choose the lawful and good, trustworthy, attentive to the needs of others and so on. Compliance and practice of these values makes them different from other entrepreneurs.
Awareness of Workers to Health, Safety & Welfare Provisions under Factories A...inventionjournals
The study examines the awareness level of workers to health, safety & welfare provisions under Factories Act, 1948.Exploratory cum descriptive research design has been used in present study. The population of interest is lower class employees (N=750) working in Industrial sector of Northern India (Haryana, Punjab and NCR). Questionnaire survey method is used to collect the primary data. T-test and ANOVA test have been used to compare the awareness level of workers on the basis of age, experience, gender and marital status. It has been observed that workers are aware about Factories Act at moderate level. Awareness level of workers to Factories Act increases with age and experience. While, female workers and married workers are more aware to the provisions of Factories Act as compared to the male and unmarried workers respectively.
Information extraction can be based on a method of distributional vector space embedding of words and phrases. Embedding assumes that words and phrases are represented as dense real-valued vectors, and it is designed to satisfy the distributional hypothesis: words and phrases that occur in similar contexts tend to have similar meanings, and therefore they should have vectors which are close to each other in a vector space. In this speech we will show you how we manage to extract phrases using Pointwise Mutual Information and then learned word and phrase vectors, using as a training corpora set of business articles, job vacancies and employee resumes.
3.1 Purposes of PlayPlay fulfills a wide variety of purposes in .docxlorainedeserre
3.1 Purposes of Play
Play fulfills a wide variety of purposes in the life of the child. The importance of play in early childhood is strongly emphasized in a recent report by the American Academy of Pediatrics (Milteer & Ginsburg, 2012):
Play is essential to the social, emotional, cognitive, and physical well-being of children beginning in early childhood. It is a natural tool for children to develop resiliency as they learn to cooperate, overcome challenges, and negotiate with others. Play also allows children to be creative. It provides time for parents to be fully engaged with their children, to bond with their children, and to see the world from the perspective of their child.... It is essential that parents, educators, and pediatricians recognize the importance of lifelong benefits that children gain from play. (p. 204)
Play Fosters Physical Development
Sensorimotor Skills
On a very simple level, play promotes the development of sensorimotor skills, or skills that require the coordination of movement with the senses, such as using eye-hand coordination to stack blocks (Frost et al., 2008; Jones & Reynolds, 2011; Morrison, 2004; Tokarz, 2008). Children spend hours perfecting such abilities and increasing the level of difficulty to make the task ever more challenging. Anyone who has lived with a 1-year-old will recall the tireless persistence with which the child pursues the acquisition of basic physical skills.
Fitness and Health
Strenuous, physical play is especially important today, when obesity among children and adults has reached an all-time high. An estimated 64% of all adults in the United States are seriously overweight or obese. Approximately 10% of all children age 2 to 5 years and 15% of older children are overweight (Association for Childhood Education International [ACEI], 2004). It is crucial that early childhood programs offer children the opportunity for active, gross-motor play every day, as habits and attitudes toward physical activity are formed early in life and continue into adulthood.
Outdoor Play Connects Children to Nature and Their Environment
Nature Feels Good and Inspires
Playing outdoors allows children to experience their natural environment with all their senses “open.” They can breathe fresh air and feel the invigoration of their hearts pounding as they charge up a hill. Children learn about the variety of creatures that may live in their area, explore the life cycle when they discover a cocoon or squashed ant, and experience fully with their senses how everything seems different after the rain. Where does the sun go when it is cloudy? Where does the wind come from? Questions about nature arise spontaneously through outdoor play and provoke children into thought and, if properly supported by the teacher, into deep investigations of the world. It is vital that we allow all children—urban, suburban, and rural—to discover the world outside and learn to appreciate the environment around them.
Children must have ...
Get your quality homework help now and stand out.Our professional writers are committed to excellence. We have trained the best scholars in different fields of study.Contact us now at http://www.essaysexperts.net/ and place your order at affordable price done within set deadlines.We always have someone online ready to answer all your queries and take your requests.
Learning Through Play at School – A Framework for Policy and Practicevideosplay360
Learning through play has emerged as an important strategy to promote student engagement, inclusion, and holistic skills development beyond the preschool years. Policy makers, researchers and educators have promoted the notion that learning though play is developmentally appropriate—as it leverages school-age children’s innate curiosity while easing the often difficult transition from preschool to school. However, there is a dearth of evidence and practical guidance on how learning through play can be employed effectively in the formal school context, and the conditions that support success. This paper addresses the disconnect between policy, research and practice by presenting a range of empirical studies across a number of well-known pedagogies.
Running title Communication disorders 3NameUniversit.docxagnesdcarey33086
Running title: Communication disorders 3
Name:
University:
Professor:
Date:
Explain how understanding the conceptual model of working memory helps you in selecting strategies to take in helping a child that may have a communicative disorder. Please give an example of a strategy that you might use with a child with a specific communicative disorder.
Construct a scenario of a team approach that could be developed when working with a child that has a specific communicative disorder. You should identify the communicative disorder that the child has in this scenario and provide research and techniques/strategies that are known to be effective with this type of communicative disorder.
Evaluate the benefits for family and children in being connected to organizations associated with a specific communicative disorder. These organizations can be found from the list in your chapter reading or from an internet search.
Explain how understanding the conceptual model of working memory helps you in selecting strategies to take in helping a child that may have a communicative disorder. Please give an example of a strategy that you might use with a child with a specific communicative disorder.
Understanding the communication disorder is quite convenient towards the selection of the best mode of commiunication with a disabled child. (Sigman & Norman,1999). When am able to know some causes of communication disorders that the child is facing and this includes hearing loss in a child, neurological disorders, brain injury, mental retardation, drug abuse, physical impairments such as cleft lip or palate, emotional or psychiatric autism, and developmental disorders (Howlin, Mawhood, & Rutter, 2000), I will be able to freely interact with the child with the disorder without making him feel bad. This might include the use of include joint attention, imitation, and toy play to socialize with the autistic disorder. (Adamson & Bakeman,1985,1991)
At 14 years, 8 months of age, Sam spontaneously imparted his aims, through nonverbal means, which included outward appearances (e.g., looking to staff to demand a nibble), physical motions (e.g., pulling his educators' hands to his head to demand a head rub), and more ordinary signals (e.g., indicating solicitation and a head shake to reject). He likewise utilized offbeat nonverbal flags that included gnawing his hand to impart positive and negative feelings and squeezing to dissent. Sam every so often utilized a couple of verbal word rough guesses (e.g., "no," "yes," "more," and "inflatable"), the sign for "help," and picture images on a voice yield gadget. Be that as it may, he commonly utilized these images latently, regularly because of a direct verbal brief from his social accomplice. From research, this shows that this is Autistic Disorder due to the fact that, he uses a variety of communication modes including speech, facial expressions, conventional gestures (e.g., pointing), unconvent.
INDIGENOUS COOPERATIVE PLAY ON THE SOCIAL SKILLS OF PRESCHOOL PUPILS IN LAGOS...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT :Social skills are very important for early childhood learners, especially in early childhood. We
found that children's social skills are at a low point because they are cut off from their cultural roots by foreign
education laws. Despite this prospect, the literature in this area is severely lacking, making this research focus of
paramount importance. This study therefore focuses on the impact of indigenous cooperative play on the social
skills of preschoolers in Lagos State. The study employs a quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test and
control groups. This study used a 2x2x2 factor matrix consisting of two levels of teaching strategy (experimental
and control groups), a self-esteem moderator variable (high and low), and two levels of cultural background
(Yoruba and non-Yoruba). increase. (tribe). A random sample is taken to select 2 municipalities out of all 20
municipalities in Lagos State. Using targeted selection, two private elementary schools for both the
experimental and control groups. The Student Social Skills Rating Scale, the Student Self-Esteem Rating Scale,
the Indigenous Cooperative Play Strategy Teaching Guide, the Traditional Strategy Teaching Guide, and the
Elementary School Teacher Training Guide were the instruments used in this study. The study lasted 6 weeks.
Results indicate that students had a high level of social competence (WA = 2.74). We also found a significant
main effect of treatment on social skills in elementary school students (F(1.24)=4.89; P<0.05; ɳ2=0.17).
Children exposed to the control group had the lowest mean score (49.74). Using culture-based strategies is more
effective than teacher-centered methods of educating children, so teachers should use indigenous cooperative
play to teach children, especially when using languages from adjacent regions. It was also recommended that all
educators should strive to enhance children's self-esteem, especially through indigenous play styles.
KEYWORDS:Indigenous, cooperative play, preschool, pupils, social skills
Social anxiety is the most common anxiety disorder and it affects individuals’ life very
profoundly. Recent findings have suggested that both parental attitudes and hopelessness are potential
vulnerability and maintenance factors for the development of social anxiety symptoms. Therefore, the aims of
the current study were to examine whether social anxiety, perceived parental attitudes and hopelessness differ
in male and female adolescents in order to identify predictors of social anxiety in Turkish adolescents. Hence,
the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, the short form of EgnaMinnenBeträffandeUppfostran Scale (short-EMBU),
and Hopelessness Scale were administered to 756 adolescents. Consistent with other findings, we could show
that females experienced more social anxiety, perceived more emotional warmth and more overprotection from
mother and mother than males. The results of a regression analysis for the whole sample revealed that being
female, greater the number of sibling, older grades, low mother education, perceived rejection from mother and
hopelessness are significant predictors of social anxiety. Finally, social anxiety was predicted by different
variables for females, (class level, mother education, mother rejection, hopelessness) and males (number of
sibling, hopelessness). Therefore, clinicians should consider these differences in their interventions.
ABSTACT: The contemporary world presents innumerable opportunities to people. With the advancement of technology, especially media which have brought forth revolutionary changes in human culture and civilization and make unique trends all over the world. In today’s society, media are thoroughly integrated into our life including electronic gadgets such as TV, Videogames, Smart phone, Internet, IPod etc. Adolescents are highly impressionable by the influence of media. It has both positive and negative impacts on adolescents’ lives. This study has shed light on the fact that the media has a disturbing potential to negatively affect many aspects of adolescents’ healthy development, store up anger, angry feelings and angry outburst.
Influence of culture linked gender and age on social competence of higher sec...inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Assessment of the Case on Child Development Program Students Exposed to Emoti...inventionjournals
This study is planned to specify the ways of perception of the young who are exposed to emotional abuse by their mothers along with the factors that can affect the perception. 308 (306=F, 2=M) volunteer students of Child Development Program from Erciyes University Hüseyin Şahin Vocational High School, İzzet Bayraktar Vocational High School, Kırıkkale University Keskin Vocational High School and Dicle University Silvan Vocational High School are included to the study. In order to identify the case of young people subjected to emotional abuse by their mothers, “Mother-Youngster Relationship Scale” composed of 36 articles by Alantar (1989)- improved by Bayraktar (1990), Vardar (1994) is used in the study. As a result of the study, it is found out that the relation between the schools of the young and their confinement to a room/closet by their mothers is seen as substantive, the relation between educational background of the mother and the case of the young being seen as servants is found liminal substantive (p≤.05). The relation between educational background of mothers and the young’s bruised by them is reached out substantive (p<.05).
Role of Educational Books and Materials in Gaining Geographical Concepts in E...inventionjournals
The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of educational books and materials of helping children learn geographical terms in the early childhood period. This study was conducted as a pretest-posttest control group, experimental model. The participants were a total number of 141 children (78 girls and 63 boys). In order to achieve the objectives, program goals of preschool, primary 1th and 2nd grades‟ education have been identified primarily. Then 51 items, concepts consisting of physical and human geography such as the Solar System and the Earth, Turkey and other countries, landforms, climate, population and settlement, energy sources were prepared in order to measure the achievements. „Geographical Concepts Test‟ (GCT), was applied to a number of 293 children who passed the primary 1 th and 2nd grades. The reliability coefficient of the test results (KR 20) was found to be 0.71 for preschool, 0.85 for 1st grade and 0.73 for 2nd grade. The finding indicated a valid and reliable instrument of the developed test to measure levels of children‟s geographical knowledge. After having ready the geographical conceptual tools an training program was prepared which attempted to utilise educational books and materials. Before carrying out the program, it was found that the experimental and control groups‟ pretest average scores did not differ (p>. 05). After carrying out the training program, it was found that all grades‟ experimental and control groups‟ posttest average scores about physical geography differed (p>. 05). The preschool and primary 2nd grade children‟s experimental and control groups‟ posttest average scores about human geography also differed (p<.>. 05). As a result, these differences showed that the training program worked by using educational books, toys, replicas of tools and equipment. Hence this research model is to be tested in other groups and environments.
Emerging adulthood in Greece: Developmental features for this period in the f...AJHSSR Journal
Emerging adulthood is a phenomenon of the economic development of our times.
Several studies have attempted to explore this aspect-situation, as first captured by scholar J.Arnett. In
this study, which is referred to Greece, important aspects of emerging adulthood (as developmental
characteristics) are examined simultaneously, with specific demographic characteristics. To achieve
this, a questionnaire was created and addressed to a random sample of people aged 18-29. The main
scope of this research is the presentation of the current status of emerging adults in Greece, during an
economic crisis period, concerning the emerging adulthood characteristics. The sample included 315
individuals, employed and unemployed individuals. The variables of the questionnaire were examined
in order to discover relationships between them. The results revealed that there are many
differentiations, concerning gender, employment, education level, economic support etc
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Investigation of Game Perception of Syrian Refugee Children Attending to First Grade of Primary School by Using Picture Drawing Method
1. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention
ISSN (Online): 2319 – 7722, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 7714
www.ijhssi.org ||Volume 5 Issue 12||December. 2016 || PP.16-23
www.ijhssi.org 16 | Page
Investigation of Game Perception of Syrian Refugee Children
Attending to First Grade of Primary School by Using Picture
Drawing Method
Raziye Pekşen Akça1
and Prof. Dr. Gülen Baran2
,
1(
Erciyes Üniversty/Develi Hüseyin Şahin Vocational High School, Kayseri,Turkey)
2(
Ankara Üniversty/Health Sciences Faculty, Ankara, Turkey)
ABSTRACT: Drawing picture is an expression tool that enables us to meet a child in terms of psycho-
pedagogical assessment and it reveals clues about child’s intelligence level, personality characteristics, internal
world which is related with intimate environmental characteristics. Additionally, this enjoyable method allows
child to maintain a communication between him/her and external world. In this context, 20 immigrant children
(M=10; F=10) from the first grade of primary school whose family had been living in Kayseri for 6 – 12 months
were evaluated by the way of drawing picture which is known as a projective method. Sample of this study
consisted of children attending to first grade at Kayseri Temporary Education Facility in spring term of 2014-
2015 academic years. Study group was determined according to criterion sampling method. In this context,
those criterions were identified as following: Immigration from Syria due to civil war, Inhabiting in province of
Kayseri, Living in Kayseri within last 6-12 months and willingness to participate. Children were provided a
drawing paper with 12 color crayons and they were instructed to draw a picture about favorite play activity that
they used to play before they immigrated to Turkey. In conclusion, it was found that children used national
symbols such as flag (10) and Arabic alphabet (5), and drew war materials as bigger.
Keywords: Play perception, ımmigrant children, picture, play, and children
I. INTRODUCTION
It is observed that certain phases of life formed critical importance in terms of psychological and
physiological development. One of those critical phases is early childhood period which include the ages
between 0-8 years old (Özmert, 2006; Bertan, et. al., 2009). Early childhood period is the period in which the
child is affected significantly by the environment. Social and environmental factors that influence a child are
also effective on physical and mental development. Negative factors involved in this period influence child’s
development negatively and resulted in developmental hesitations.(Bertan vd.2009).Playing games take an
important part in children’s life in this period.
It is known that games supported and contributed to all developmental phases (Gmitrovaa, Podhajeckab
& Gmitrovc, 2009), including language and communication skills as well (Aral, Gürsoy & Köksal, 2001;
Tuğrul, 2013; Durualp & Aral, 2014). The game which was thought as the most characteristic concern of
childhood period is considered as the element of childhood period both in home and school settings (Kennedy
ve Barblett, 2010; Wood 2013; Fleer, 2014). Child personality is shaped as he or she played games in those
settings (Egemen vd.; 2004).Power of the game is derived from contribution that is provided to integrative
development. In addition, certain characteristics of the game such as security, accessibility, participation,
versatility, quality, continuity, functionality, pleasentness make playing game powerful(Tuğrul, 2014) and it is
used as the most effective way by children in order to express emotions like love, jelousy, happiness (Oktay,
1999; Kaugars ve Russ, 2009). Game is an universal language that provide more opportunities to children in
terms of learning and development and since then it is more effective and persistent than other resources (
Tuğrul, 2014; Copple ve Sue2009). It can be said that a child who failed to respond need of game would lost his
phsical and mental health (Dönmez, 2000; Hirose, Koda & Minami, 2011). Becuse game is like a medicine for
child’s development (Dönmez, 2000; Ulutaş, 2011).
Drawing picture is the specific and simple way that has an important place and itreflects child’s inner
world and thoughts, opinionsabout facts(Aksoy ve Baran, 2010). It is suggested to use picture drawing method
as a projective method that reveals information among the children with verbal disabilities (Johnson, 1990;
Clatworthy, Simon &Tiedeman 1999; Matthews 2003; Artut 2004; Skybo, Ryan- Wengwe & Su 2007). Yavuzer
(2007)considered picture as an indicator of child’s perception of indicator World. A drawing reveals information
about developmental, emotional and mental progress and also help to determine unclear and contradictory
feelings, perceptions related with trauma (Malchiodi,2005). Children express themselves by using symbols in
those pictures. Their symbols are related with what they had experienced, perceived or thought. Those symbols
are fulfilled with hidden meanings and recalls. Therefore, it’s possible to access children’s inner World and
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understand their psychic condition (Aydemir, 2011).While drawing picture facilitate emotional expression, on
the other hand it reveals clues related with child’s himself such as self-esteem.(Abdi, Jalili, Tavakoli
&Naderpour 2004; Dizman, Gültekin ve Akyol 2005). Creativity of children’s pictures show diversity by
interacting with location, socio-economic structure, cultural elements and local characteristics and form a
different synthesis (Teker, 2009). Child’s Picture is influenced by so many factors such as family, parents,
education level, job, economic level (Dizman, Gültekin &Akyol 2005), neglect and abuse, natural disasters, war,
immigration and so on.
Certain problems such as large number of family members, crowded population of household,
economic difficulties, unemployment, malnutrition, lack of heat, lack of knowledge about diseases and health
issues, difficulty in adapting urban life, mental disorders occurred as a result of reaction to unusual situation and
violence, depression and anxiety are frequently observed problems among immigrant individuals (Gün ve
Bayraktar, 2007; Ponizovky, 2009; Aslantaş ve Adana; 2010). Since the immigration is a problem accompanied
by sudden and rapid environmental change (Rousseau ve Nadeau, 2003) it is considered as a factor that
interrupts a consistent and critically important developmental in children’s life (Gün, 2002). The most common
problems among immigrant children are reported as conduct disorder, identity confusion, low self-esteem,
anxiety disorder, depression, somatic disorders, bilingualism problems, enuresis, low academic success and
generation clash. (Gün ve Bayraktar, 2007).
İmmigration is defined as an incidence which had been to have a long history as the history of
humankind. It is identified as geographic movement of an individual or large groups in a certain social structure
from one place to another because of social, economic, political and cultural reasons (Kızılçelik, 1996; Gündüz
ve Yetim,1996;Nyberg-Sorensen, Nıcholas & Poul, 2002; Gün, 2002; Özer, 2004)(Mutluer,2003;
Demir,1996).Refugee is defined as a person who left their own both material and moral property in their
homeland as a result feeling under pressure because of race, religion, social status, political opinion or national
identity(Akyurek, 2007) and applied to other countries for being taken as refuge inby that
country(Taneri,2012). Underlying reasons behind the immigrations are listed as economic problems such as
demand for labor power, increasing life standards, poverty, unemployment; psychological, social and political
factors such as war, political pressures, adventure seeking, Reunion of families; natural disasters such as
earthquakes, flooding, volcanic eruption, desertification and drought (Mutluer,2003). Moreover, immigration is
categorized according to reasons, such as voluntary immigrations, compulsory immigrations, refugee
immigrations, immigrations of natural disasters, immigrations of terror and violence events (Erjem,2009).
Unlike a simple movement, the process of immigration makes a profound impact over the society
(James vd., 1998; Haas, 2006).In addition, immigration involves in economic, social (education, language,
adjustment, shelter, family problems), health and psychological problems (Beter,2006) and particularly children
and youngsters are influenced more seriously(Seydi,2014).Those problems lead to experience difficulties in
both family life and academic success at primary school. Immigration leads to certain problems in school such
as increased student population in classroom, inability to benefit from education materials, inadequacy of school
stuff due to increased population, increasing problems among students (Karakuş, 2006), communication
problems, language problems, interruptions in national development. Furthermore, refugees may have lack of
knowledge about how to benefit from education service, governors of the schools might be unwilling to register
refugee students, refuge students might experience problems with other students and those students might
experience difficulties to get graduation certificate(Beter, 2006). Those problems influence children negatively.
Moreover, traumatic events that experienced by refugees previously in their homeland is combined with the
adjustment problems that occurred as a result of adjustment difficulties in a new culture and this problematic
combination influence refugees until they turn back to their home (Beter,2006). This problem may influence
children who experienced immigration process and chaotic situation that experienced just before this process
and leave a n obvious and permanent scar on identity.
II. METHOD
This study has aimed to examine game perception of child refugeesby using drawing picture method
which is also known as a projective method. This study emphasized on research design, study group of the
research, data collecting instruments, method of data collecting and data analysis.
Research Design
A qualitative research method which is known as case study was used as research design in this study.
Case study method is an attempt for “focusing on a current event, incidence, situation, individual and groups” to
make an inclusive investigation (Ekiz, 2003). A specific situation should exist in order to conduct a research.
Factors which belong to a situation are investigated interdependently in an integrated framework. More than one
data collection method is used and it is expected that data would be examined and supported by each other data.
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Study Group
This research was conducted in the academic year of 2014-2015 and between the dates of 09.05.2014
and 30.04.2015 in Kayseri Temporary Education Center which is found in Kayseri. Study group of this research
was determined in the frame of qualitative research approach by using purposive sapling methods and typical
situation was determined according to school that study would be conducted in and study group was determined
according to criterion sampling method. A series of criterion that determined previously was used for the
selection of study group. In this context study group was shaped according to following criteria: “Being
emigrated from Syria due to war”, “Living in Kayseri”, “Being lived in Kayseri in last 6-12 months” and
“willingness to participate in this study”. In this context, 20 child refugees(M=10, F=10) immigrated to Kayseri
formed the study group.
Table 1. General Characteristics of the Children Included In Study
Demographic Information Female Male Total
f f f
Sex 10 10 20
Birth Year 10 10 20
2007 4 4 8
2008 6 6 12
Mother’s Vital Status
Alive
Dead
9
1
9
1
18
2
Father’s Vital Status
Alive
Dead
9
1
7
3
16
4
Number of Sibling
One
Two
Three
More than four
1
3
2
4
1
2
7
-
2
5
9
4
Family Life Style ( In Turkey)
Nuclear
Extended
1
9
-
10
1
19
In the light of the information obtained from the general information form it can be seen that number
children born in 2008 (12) is more than those born in 2007 (8). Every children had at least one sibling and most
of the children (9) had 3 siblings. Almost all of the children (19) lives in extended families with different family
relatives. A research conducted by foundation of MAZLUMDER (2013) revealed that 70% of Syrian refugees
lived in refugee camps and 30% lived in different cities independently. It was reported that families living out of
the camps rented houses by themselves, extended families had to live in the same household, child population
was higher in those families, average age of those children was lower and those children spent most of their time
in the streets wheretheir houses were found in.
Method of Data Collection
Translators who were confident in Arabic and Turkish languages were assisted in this research in order
to establish a clear communication with children and collect data. General information about children was
obtained by searching personal files of the children. Before the Picture drawing process children were invited in
a meeting in the classroom and they were instructed to carry a name card on their neck which was formed by
referring personal files. Researchers also carried their own cards.
Information about whether children liked or disliked playing game and reasons about it was asked to
the children by the support of translators. A classroom in which children draw pictures was provided with
comfortable seats and desks and those desks were designed as preventing interaction among children. Children
were given pastel crayon and A4 size paper and asked to draw a Picture that they used to play before they lived
in Turkey. Children were taken in the groups that consists five participants and there was no time limit in
drawing process. Stories about the pictures drawn by children were recorded completely by the assist of
translators and eventually those stories were separated according to codes (eg. M1, M2, F2, F4) given to
children. Obtained data was analyzed consistent with content analysis by using QSR N-VIVO 10 program. In
this process, obtained data was classified according to encoding and other themes were regulated. Findings were
identified end interpreted after this process. Descriptive analysis was used as the analysis method.
A code list was formed according to the responses given to instruction of drawing a favorite that children used
to play before the immigration and seven basic themes were identified by the way of analysis of this instruction.
Those themes are identified as “Giving place to family members in Picture”, “Giving place to children in
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Picture”, “Giving place to one’s himself in the picture”, “Giving place to national elements”, giving place to
home and school”, “Giving place to game tools and toys”. The model of this instruction is given below.
Model 1: Elements Related With the Games that Children Prepared
Model 2: Playing Game Preference and Liked-Disliked Games
Game and play materials always take an important place in children’s life. Factors such as social
context, age, sex determine the game preferences of children. Moreover, playing game helps children to get
away from the traumatic event and experience. Erbay and Saltalı (2012) conducted a study on place of the game
among 6 years old children and their mother’s game perceptıon and they reported that 91% of the children
played game every day. Pilten and Pilten (2013) reported that female children at first grade mostly preferred
playing house games, doctor games and p teacher games while other games such as skip-step, skipping rope,
line games were preferred less frequently and they also reported that male children preferred to play with ball
more frequently than any other games. Kahraman and Başal (2011) found that female children at primary school
preferred playing house games (86.2%), playing with ball (65.5%), hide and seek game (46.5%), skipping rope
(34.3%), skip step (6.9%) and male children preferred playing with ball (70.7%), hide and seek game (50%).
(M5) (F10)
Picture 1: Favorite game playing pictures of the M5 and F10
Reference sentences about encoding are given below.
M5: “Very beautiful morning time. I’m flying a kite with my friends. My friends are playing with ball in
somewhere close to our house. I’ll go to them soon.”
F10: “We are playing mother game with my friend. My friend had been a mother and she threw a ball to her
daughter. We are having a picnic, but not in the Street, this is a fake picnic that we had at home.”
Game has an important place in every child’s life. Negative events experienced in war settings usually indicate
that children punished themselves and triggered a mourning reaction in which they kept themselves away from
favorite activities. If child loses a family member, family relative, friend or teacher then it would be inevitable
to for him toengage into sadness and mourning period. Thus, since children coded as E7 has lost their father he
told that: “I don’t like playing games, games are bad. I have grown up;I’m abig brother now. Only babes and
girls play games”, namely he declared he was grown up and he should not act like children. E7 is another kid
that experienced father loss in the war and he said that “I use to play with my father before the war, but I don’t
want to play anymore”.
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(M7) (M8)
Picture 2: Pictures of the M7 and M8 about their favorite games
Reference sentences about those codes are given below
M7: “I’m playing with the ball in the garden. (Where are you?). I don’t know, I’m at home and looking out
from window.”
M8: “I and my father used to travel with our car and play with ball. He was very powerful, he always catches
my ball”.
Model 3. A Detailed Model ofthe Favorite Game Pictures
Model shows that a big vast of children gave place to themselves and human-beings and those human
being are characterized as family members such as sister, brother. It can be seen that majority of the children
pictured playing games (18), almost all of them (19) needed a play material or toy and reflected this need into
their picture. It is observed that children generally preferred outdoors as playing area (18). A detailed model of
quantitative information indicates that children enjoyed playing in the park and generally draw play materials
such as slide (9), swinger (7). Moreover, ball (9) which is an important play material for children was used more
frequently by the boys. However, it is also observed that gun (3) was another play material used by children.
Similarly, a research conducted by Erdoğan et. Al. (2004) revealed that children preferred to play in outdoors,
swinger was the most preferred play material and slide, ball, rope, car, balloon, seesaw came after. Pictures of
children about park environment are given below.
(F3) (F8)
Picture 3: Sample pictures of F3andF8 about their favorite game activities.
Reference sentences about these codes are given below.
F-3: “I like so much to play games with my friends, especially in the park.My sister always cries and because
of this my father always takes me to park.”
F-8:“We all like playing in the park. I’m playing with my sister and friends. Look, I’m hiding myself into a
box, son one can find me here. Children in the middle are playing with sand, other children are sliding, riding on
seesaw.”
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Model 4: Martial Elements in the Pictures of Favorite Games
Model 4 indicates that 7 children gave place to elements related with war whereas 13 children did not. They
draw martial elements such as gun (3), sword (1),bomb (1), hiding case (1) andearthquake. Martial elements
drawn in pictures are given below.
(F2) (F4)
Picture 4: Pictures drawn by F2 and F4 about their favorite games
Reference sentences about these codes are given below.
F-2: “A bomb fell on a park while a girl was playing. Despite she run she couldn’t escape from the bomb. But
this bomb will not hit me, because I’m in another park far away from there.”
F-4: “We went out while it was raining. We had birds. We were skipping rope, my friend was in swinger and
she did not come to us (When researcher asked her the gun mentioned in picture, she told that she had no idea
but someone might forget it.)
Children are always the first people who affected by gun battle either directly or indirectly. Although children
do not start the war they experience the most mortal effects of the war. Even they don’t die or injured they
generally experience negative events such as parental loss, losing their friends or family relatives, kidnapping,
physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, immigration, becoming deprived from the school and other
social supports, poverty. Those negative events give rise to psychological and psychosocial injuries. There is no
doubt that a trauma experienced by a child who witnessed dropping bombs and decapitated body parts would be
harder than a trauma experienced by a child whose parents changed the channel while watching news about a
gun clash.
III. RESULT
War and violence generally resulted in sorrow and trauma for the victim and this sorrow and trauma
also influence relatives of victims including children as well and eventually make a profound damage on child’s
life. This study aimed to examine game perceptions of the children of Syrian refugees who were forced to
emigrate from Syria by using drawing Picture method which is a projective method. In the light of findings
following conclusions was made;
Almost all of the children participated in this study draw playing games and play materials, however it
was also observed that elements related war also took place in the pictures about favorite game activities. It was
observed that children used human, nature and house figures in their pictures and they drew those figures in a
horizontal position. These figures appeared in the form of small and vague shapes. Regarding natural figures, it
was observed that sun figure was used in almost all pictures ve contributed picture as a funny detail. Most of
children gave place to them, positioned themselves in open air, also pictured play friends such as friends, sisters,
brother and other family relatives. It was observed that children used national symbols in their pictures and they
placed Turkish Flag either on the roof or somewhere close to house such as garden when they were asked to
draw a Picture of their favorite game that they played in Turkey. Children used almost all of the colors in the
picture. It was seen that black color was used more frequently in the pictures about war. Studies concerned with
the relationship between colors and emotions revealed no significant evidence about the link between color use
and emotions, however it was stated that pictures in which black color was frequent contained negative
expressions ( Büyükkarabacak, 2008). It was observed that children reflected their own gender characteristics
on their pictures and identified themselves with their gender.
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