This document provides an introduction to an information technology course. It begins with defining key terms like information technology and information systems. Next, it explains why the course is important by discussing how IT affects companies and the growing number of IT jobs. The course syllabus is then outlined, covering topics like e-business, infrastructure, data storage, and project management. Finally, there is a discussion of lecturing, including using Alibaba as an example and discussing core elements of the information age like data, technology, and people. Strategies for gaining competitive advantage through initiatives like business process reengineering, customer relationship management, and enterprise resource planning are also summarized. The document concludes with discussing how to measure the success of strategic initiatives using metrics

1. Introduction to
Information Technology
Melia R. Astrini

2. Facilitators
Melia R. Astrini
melia.astrini@ui.ac.id
Teaching assistant:
Andre

3. Agenda
I. What is information technology?
II. Why is intro to information technology course important?
III. Course syllabus
IV. Lecturing

4. I. What is information technology?

5. What this course is all about?
Information technology and management information systems that can
support management functions
Information technology (IT)
• Computer and computer-based technology
• Example: modem, cloud computing, router, cabling system,
multimedia, etc.
Information systems (IS)
• Process and procedure, product, organization structure, human
resources, etc
• IT is part of information system, and IS can work without IT

6. Source: Renaissane Advisors, 1996 in IIT Guest Lecture from Arief Rahardjo, 2020

7. What is information technology?
• set of tools, processes, and methodologies (such as
coding/programming, data communications, data conversion, storage
and retrieval, systems analysis and design, systems control) and
associated equipment
• employed to collect,
• process,
• and present information
http://www.businessdictionary.com/ Source: https://www.basecamphospitality.com

8. II. Why is intro to information technology
course important?

10. Why is intro to information technology
course important?
• The work of a company would slow without functioning IT systems (IT
affects not only internal functions, but also external market in which
company operate)
• Data overload (This requires large amounts of processing power,
sophisticated software and human analytical skills*) – in fact, number of IT
or analytical jobs is growing ( and it pays well! ;) )
• The knowledge is relevant for all management functions
*employment of computer and information technology occupations is projected to grow 13 percent from 2016 to 2026, which is
faster than the average for all occupations, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.*

11. III. Course Syllabus

12. Materi Kuliah PTI
• Kuliah 1: Teknologi Informasi dan Keunggulan Kompetitif
• Kuliah 2: E-business
• Kuliah 3: Infrastruktur Teknologi Informasi
• Kuliah 4: Penyimpanan dan Penggunaan Data dalam Bisnis
• Kuliah 5: Telekomunikasi, Internet dan Penggunaan Wireless
• Kuliah 6: Pengambilan Keputusan dalam Bisnis
• Kuliah 7: Dosen Tamu
• Kuliah 8: Pengembangan Sistem dan Manajemen Proyek
• Kuliah 9: Etika, Legal, dan Moral Penggunaan Teknologi, dan Tren Terkini
• Kuliah 10: Presentasi Akhir

13. Evaluasi Penilaian

14. Tugas Kuliah
• Presentasi mingguan (per kelompok, 1 kelompok terdiri dari 6-7 orang)
• Ringkasan tren terkini (Individu, due: kuliah 9)
• Makalah akhir (per kelompok, kumpulkan proposal di kuliah 5) – untuk
makalah akhir, kelompok terdiri dari 4-5 orang
• Lab Datacamp (Individu)

15. IV. Lecturing
• Let’s see what happen with Alibaba
• Core elements of information age
• Identifying competitive advantage
• Strategic initiatives for implementing CA
• Measuring success of strategic initiatives

16. Let’s see what happen with Alibaba!

17. Alibaba and the future of business
Started in 1999 with a vision “foster the development of an open,
coordinated, prosperous e-commerce ecosystem.”
Their special innovation: building an ecosystem - a community of
organisms (businesses and consumers of many types) interacting with
one another and the environment (the online platform and the larger
off-line physical elements)
IPO in 2014 and now is company no 34 with highest market cap (cr:
Statista - https://www.statista.com/statistics/263264/top-companies-in-
the-world-by-market-capitalization/)

18. In fact…
Five of them are internet companies with business models similar
to Alibaba. They have capabilities in network coordination and
data intelligence (use online network and machine learning)
machine learning) that enables them to grow quickly -> they can
quickly -> they can adapt dynamically and rapidly change to cater
market conditions and consumer preferences
https://www.statista.com/statistics/263264/top-companies-in-the-world-by-market-capitalization/

19. Source: https://www.investorinsights.asia/post/alibaba-part-1-introducing-the-alibaba-ecosystem

20. Smart Business
• Automate all operating decisions
• ”datafy” every customer exchange
• “software” every activity so that every decisions can be automated– quite the
opposite of building ERP software
• Get the data flowing - communication standards, such as TCP/IP, and application
programming interfaces (APIs) are critical in getting the data flowing among
multiple players while ensuring strict control of who can access and edit data
throughout the ecosystem
• Apply the algorithms - the firm must create models and algorithms that make
explicit the underlying product logic or market dynamics that the business is trying
to optimize
• Digital leader’s role – need to inspire employee, partners, customers who
make up “the network” (they must understand what future look like and
how industries evolve, unable to create concrete steps as environment is
too fluid) , and enable workers to innovate and facilitate feedback loop of
users response to company strategies
Source: https://hbr.org/2018/09/alibaba-and-the-future-of-business?ab=at_art_art_1x4_s02

21. Core elements of information age

22. Core Drivers of Information Age
People
(Management)
Information
Information
Technology

23. Understand
Business Understand
Information Age

24. Data to Knowledge
-> Information + intuition

25. System Thinking & Management
Information System (II)
System thinking is a way of monitoring the entire system by viewing multiple inputs being processed or
transformed to produce outputs while continuously gathering feedback on each part. Systems thinking
provides an end-to-end view of how operations work together to create a product or service.

26. System Thinking & Management
Information System (I)
Management information systems (MIS) is a business function, such as accounting and
human resources, that moves information about people, products, and processes across
the company to facilitate decision making and problem solving.

27. Identifying competitive advantage

28. hmmm.. I have an idea to build a coffee business..

30. Business strategy
• A business strategy is a leadership plan that achieves a specific
set of goals or objectives such as increasing sales, decreasing
costs, entering new markets, or developing new products or
services.
• A competitive advantage is a feature of a product or service on
which customers place a greater value than they do on similar
offerings from competitors (lower price? additional value with
premium price?)

31. You have to know what you’re
up against

32. + 1.000 other
brands...

33. You have to know what you’re up against by doing
Competitive intelligence – the process of gathering information
about the competitive environment, including competitors’ plans, activities, and
products, to improve a company’s ability to succeed.

34. The growth radar your business needs...
Competitive
Intelligence
Economic
Market
Competitor
Complex
datasets
Technologica
l
Customer
Source: https://hbr.org/2016/06/the-right-way-to-use-analytics-isnt-for-planning
Better decision
making

35. Business Tools for Analyzing Business Strategies
SWOT Analysis
Evaluates company/project
position
Porter’s Five
Forces Model
Identify industry
attractiveness
The Three
Generic
Strategies
Value Chain
Analysis
Choose business focus Execute business strategy

36. SWOT Analysis

37. Porter’s Five Forces Model
Analyzes the competitive forces within the
environment in which a company operates to assess
the potential for profitability in an industry.

38. Generic Business Strategy

39. Porter’s Value Chain Analysis
A business process is a standardized set of activities that
accomplish a specific task, such as processing a
customer’s order. the firm will want to ensure the
processes add value and create competitive advantages.
Primary value
activities
Support value
activities

40. Other tools, methods, processes for competitive
analysis…
1. Consideration set from Jobs-to-be-Done (JTBD)
2. Disruption Clayton Christensen
3. Strategy canvas from Blue Ocean
4. Competitor analysis
5. Competitive benchmarking
And many more..
Source: https://medium.com/agileinsider/real-competitive-analysis-is-about-
learning-to-love-your-competitor-15e45b9ef10a

41. Strategic initiatives for implementing
competitive advantage

42. Strategic initiatives that an organization can undertake to help it gain competitive
advantages and business efficiencies:

43. What are Business Processes?
• A collection of inter-related events, activities, and decision points that
involve a number of actors and objects, which collectively lead to an
outcome that is of value to at least one customer
• Business processes are what companies do whenever they deliver a
service or a product to customers
• Business process reengineering (BPR) is the analysis and redesign of
workflow within and between enterprises. It begins with evaluating
existing processes to create new processes that deliver added-value to
customers and eliminate redundancies in workflows.

44. Source: Laudon & Laudon (2018)

45. Analogy of Business Process Reenginering
With a BPR mind-set, it would look beyond automating and
streamlining to find a completely different approach. Companies
often follow the same indirect path for doing business, not realizing
there might be a different, faster, and more direct way.

46. Supply Chain Management (SCM)
Source raw
materials
Manufacture
products
Deliver
finished goods
• Plan required resources
• Build relationships with
suppliers
• Create the production
schedule
• Transport goods to
customers
• Support customers and
product return
Supply chain visibility is the ability to view all areas up and down the supply
chain in real time – supplier to manufacturer to wholesaler to retailer to
customer (it involves coordinating and integrating these flows both within
and among companies)

47. Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
• Customer relationship management (CRM) involves managing all
aspects of a customer’s relationship with an organization to increase
customer loyalty and retention and an organization’s profitability.
• Three phases of CRM:
• CRM Reporting Technologies
• CRM Analysis Technologies
• CRM Predicting Technologies

48. Two primary components of CRM strategy:

49. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
• Enterprise resource planning (ERP) integrates different functional
areas throughout an organization such as marketing, finance, HR into
a single system (or integrated set of MIS systems) so that employees
can make decisions by viewing enterprisewide information on all
business operations.
Core ERP
components
Extended ERP
components
• Accounting and finance
• Production and materials
management
• Human resource
• Business intelligence
• CRM
• SCM
• Ebusiness

50. Before and After ERP

51. Measuring Success of Strategic Initiatives

52. Measuring Business Decision
• Metrics, measurement that evaluate results to determine whether a
project is meeting its goals.

53. Method for Defining KPIs

54. Objective & Key Results (OKR)
https://rework.withgoogle.com/print/guides/6229207193485312/

56. KPIs for MIS
Project

57. Balance Scorecard

58. “Technical competence is
temporary, but intellectual
curiosity must be permanent.”
Source: https://hbr.org/2020/05/digital-transformation-is-about-talent-not-technology

59. Thank you!