2. Course Instructor
Mark Distribution
Dr. S Mohapatro
Office # 216
Tel: 0674-7135744
M: 9337149010
IIT Bhubaneswar
Email: sankarsan@iitbbs.ac.in
Dr. C Perumalla
Theory Components: 100 Marks
Teacher Assessment: 20 Marks, Mid-Term: 30 Marks, Term End: 50 Marks
Teacher Assessment (1): 10 Marks (Attendance, Assignment, One Class
Test)
Teacher Assessment (2): 10 Marks by Dr. C. Perumalla
3. Introduction: Sources of energy; General structure of electrical power systems,
Power transmission and distribution via overhead lines and underground cables,
Steam, Hydel, and Nuclear power generation. 1 Hr
DC Networks: Kirchoff’s laws, node voltage and mesh current methods, Delta-star
and star-delta conversion, Superposition principle, Thevenin’s and Norton’s
theorems. 6 Hr
Single phase AC Circuits: Single phase EMF generation, average and effective
values of sinusoids, solution of R,L,C series circuits, the j operator, complex
representation of impedances, phasor diagram, power factor, power in complex
notation, solution of parallel and series – parallel circuits. 5 Hr
Three phase AC Circuits: Three phase EMF generation, delta and Y – connections,
line and phase quantities, solution of three phase circuits, balanced supply voltage
and balanced load, phasor diagram, measurement of power in three phase
circuits, Three phase four wire circuits. 3 Hr
DC Transients: Study of DC Transients in R-L, R-C and R-L-C Circuits. 3 Hr
Syllabus
4. Magnetic Circuits: Ampere’s circuital law, B – H curve, solution of magnetic
circuits, hysteresis and eddy current losses, relays, an application of magnetic
force, basic principles of stepper motor.
Transformers: Construction, EMF equation, ratings, phasor diagram on no load
and full load, equivalent circuit, regulation and efficiency calculations, open and
short circuit tests, auto-transformers.
DC Machines: Construction, EMF and Torque equations, Characteristics of DC
generators and motors, speed control of DC motors and DC motor starters.
Induction Motor: The revolving magnetic field, principle of orientation, ratings,
equivalent circuit, Torque-speed characteristics, starters for cage and wound
rotor type induction motors.
Electrical Measuring Instruments: DC PMMC instruments, shunt and multipliers,
multimeters, Moving iron ammeters and voltmeters, dynamometer, wattmeter,
AC watt-hour meter, extension of instrument ranges.
5. Text Books:
1. Electrical Engg Fundamentals by Del Toro
2. Electric Circuits by J W Nilsson
3. Basic Electrical Engineering by Nagrath and Kothari
4. Basic Electrical Engineering by D C Kulshreshtha
5. Electrical and Electronic Technology by Huges
6. Electrical Technology by B L Thereja
7. Introduction
Lighting, heating, cooling and other domestic electrical appliances
used in home.
Street lighting, flood lighting of sporting arena, office building
lighting, powering PCs etc.
Irrigating vast agricultural lands using pumps and operating cold
storages for various agricultural products.
Running motors, furnaces of various kinds, in industries.
Running locomotives (electric trains) of railways.
8. Basic Idea of Generation
Prior to the discovery of Faraday’s Laws of electromagnetic discussion,
electrical power was available from batteries with limited voltage and
current levels.
Although complicated in construction, D.C generators were developed
first to generate power in bulk.
However, due to limitation of the D.C machine to generate voltage
beyond few hundred volts .
Thus generation, transmission and distribution of d.c power were
restricted to area of few kilometer radius with no interconnections
between generating plants.
In later half of eighties, in nineteenth century, it was proposed to have a
power system with 3-phase, 50 Hz A.C generation, transmission and
distribution networks.
9. A.C Generator
A.C power can be generated as a single phase or as a balanced poly-
phase system.
It was found that 3-phase power generation at 50 Hz will be economical
and most suitable.
Present day three phase generators, used to generate 3-phase power
are called alternators (synchronous generators).
10. Frequency, Voltage & Interconnected System
The frequency of the generated emf for a p polar generator is given by
(PN/2)
Frequency of the generated voltage is standardized to 50 HZ in our
country and several European countries.
In USA and Canada it is 60 Hz.
In absence of commutators, present day generated voltage in
alternator is much higher, typically around 10 kV to 15 kV.
It can be shown that rms voltage induced in a coil is proportional to φ
and n i.e., Ecoil ∝ φ n where φ is the flux per pole and n is speed of the
alternator.
15. Transmission of Power
The huge amount of power generated
in a power station (hundreds of MW)
is to be transported over a long
distance (hundreds of kilometers) to
load centers to cater power to
consumers with the help of
transmission line and transmission
towers.
16. Distribution of Power
Power receive at a 33 kV substation is first stepped down to 6 kV and with the help of
under ground cables (called feeder lines), power flow is directed to different directions
of the city.
At the last level, step down transformers are used to step down the voltage form 6 kV
to 400 V.
18. Conclusion
Generation, transmission and distribution of electric power in our country
is carried out as 3-phase system at 50 Hz.
Three most important conventional methods of power generation in out
country are: coal based thermal plants, Hydel plants and nuclear plants.
Load centers (where the power will be actually consumed) are in general
situated far away from the generating station. So to transmit the large
amount of power (hundreds of MW) efficiently and economically over
long distance, high transmission voltage (such as 400 kV, 220 kV) is used.
Material used for transmission lines is bare is bare copper conductors
which are supported at regular intervals by steel towers. Stack of disk type
ceramic insulators are used between the HV line and the steel tower.
Level of current decides the section of the line conductor and the level of
voltage decides the amount of insulation required.
